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  • 1
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    Vesta, vestoids, and the HED meteorites: Interconnections and differences based on Dawn Framing Camera observations (2013)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-09-07
    Description: [1]  The Framing Camera (FC) on the Dawn spacecraft provided the first view of 4 Vesta at sufficiently high spatial resolution to enable a detailed correlation of the asteroid's spectral properties with geologic features and with the vestoid (V-type) asteroids and the Howardite-Eucrite-Diogenite (HED) class of meteorites, both of which are believed to originate on Vesta. We combine a spectral analysis of the basin with visible and near-IR spectroscopy of vestoids and with archived data over the same spectral range for HED meteorites. The vestoids are only slightly more akin to the Rheasilvia basin than to Vesta as a whole, suggesting that the crustal material ejected is a well-mixed collection of eucritic and diogenitic materials. The basin itself is more diogenitic, implying Vesta is differentiated and the impact that created Rheasilvia uncovered a mineralogically distinct layer. The Rheasilvia basin exhibits a larger range in pyroxene band strengths than Vesta as a whole, further implying that the basin offers a view into a complex, differentiated protoplanet. The discrepancy between the spectral properties of the HED meteorites and Vesta, in particular the meteorites’ deeper pyroxene absorption band and the redder color of the vestoids, can be explained by the abundance of smaller particles on Vesta and the addition of low-albedo exogenous particles to its surface, which in turn are due to its larger gravity and longer exposure time to impact processing. Solar phase effects are slight, and do not explain the spectral discrepancies between the HEDs, Vesta, and the vestoids.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 2
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    A photometric function for analysis of lunar images in the visual and infrared based on Moon Mineralogy Mapper observations (2011)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-16
    Description: Changes in observed photometric intensity on a planetary surface are caused by variations in local viewing geometry defined by the radiance incidence, emission, and solar phase angle coupled with a wavelength-dependent surface phase function f(α, λ) which is specific for a given terrain. In this paper we provide preliminary empirical models, based on data acquired inflight, which enable the correction of Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M3) spectral images to a standard geometry with the effects of viewing geometry removed. Over the solar phase angle range for which the M3 data were acquired our models are accurate to a few percent, particularly where thermal emission is not significant. Our models are expected to improve as additional refinements to the calibrations occur, including improvements to the flatfield calibration; improved scattered and stray light corrections; improved thermal model corrections; and the computation of more accurate local incident and emission angles based on surface topography.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 3
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    A wavelength-dependent visible and infrared spectrophotometric function for the Moon based on ROLO data (2011)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2011-04-05
    Description: The USGS's Robotic Lunar Observatory (ROLO) dedicated ground-based lunar calibration project obtained photometric observations of the Moon over the spectral range attainable from Earth (0.347–2.39 μm) and over solar phase angles of 1.55°–97°. From these observations, we derived empirical lunar surface solar phase functions for both the highlands and maria that can be used for a wide range of applications. The functions can be used to correct for the effects of viewing geometry to produce lunar mosaics, spectra, and quick-look products for future lunar missions and ground-based observations. Our methodology can be used for a wide range of objects for which multiply scattered radiation is not significant, including all but the very brightest asteroids and moons.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 4
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    Observations of comet 19P/Borrelly by the miniature integrated camera and spectrometer aboard Deep Space 1 (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-04-06
    Description: The nucleus of the Jupiter-family comet 19P/Borrelly was closely observed by the Miniature Integrated Camera and Spectrometer aboard the Deep Space 1 spacecraft on 22 September 2001. The 8-kilometer-long body is highly variegated on a scale of 200 meters, exhibiting large albedo variations (0.01 to 0.03) and complex geologic relationships. Short-wavelength infrared spectra (1.3 to 2.6 micrometers) show a slope toward the red and a hot, dry surface (〈/=345 kelvin, with no trace of water ice or hydrated minerals), consistent with approximately 10% or less of the surface actively sublimating. Borrelly's coma exhibits two types of dust features: fans and highly collimated jets. At encounter, the near-nucleus coma was dominated by a prominent dust jet that resolved into at least three smaller jets emanating from a broad basin in the middle of the nucleus. Because the major dust jet remained fixed in orientation, it is evidently aligned near the rotation axis of the nucleus.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Soderblom, L A -- Becker, T L -- Bennett, G -- Boice, D C -- Britt, D T -- Brown, R H -- Buratti, B J -- Isbell, C -- Giese, B -- Hare, T -- Hicks, M D -- Howington-Kraus, E -- Kirk, R L -- Lee, M -- Nelson, R M -- Oberst, J -- Owen, T C -- Rayman, M D -- Sandel, B R -- Stern, S A -- Thomas, N -- Yelle, R V -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 May 10;296(5570):1087-91. Epub 2002 Apr 4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉United States Geological Survey, 2255 North Gemini Drive, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA. lsoderblom@usgs.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11934989" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Carbon/analysis ; Cosmic Dust ; Hydrocarbons/analysis ; *Meteoroids ; Spectrum Analysis ; Temperature
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Photometry from voyager 2: initial results from the neptunian atmosphere, satellites, and rings (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-12-15
    Description: The Voyager photopolarimeter successfully accomplished its objectives for the Neptune encounter, performing measurements on the planet, several of its satellites, and its ring system. A photometric map of Neptune at 0.26 micrometer (microm) shows the planet to be bland, with no obvious contrast features. No polar haze was observed. At 0.75 microm, contrast features are observed, with the Great Dark Spot appearing as a low-albedo region and the bright companion as being substantially brighter than its surroundings, implying it to be at a higher altitude than the Great Dark Spot. Triton's linear phase coefficients of 0.011 magnitudes per degree at 0.26 microm and 0.013 magnitudes per degree at 0.75 microm are consistent with a solid-surface object possessing high reflectivity. Preliminary geometric albedos for Triton, Nereid, and 1989N2 were obtained at 0.26 and 0.75 microm. Triton's rotational phase curve shows evidence of two major compositional units on its surface. A single stellar occultation of the Neptune ring system elucidated an internal structure in 1989N1R, in the approximately 50-kilometer region of modest optical depth. 1989N2R may have been detected. The deficiency of material in the Neptune ring system, when compared to Uranus', may imply the lack of a "recent" moon-shattering event.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lane, A L -- West, R A -- Hord, C W -- Nelson, R M -- Simmons, K E -- Pryor, W R -- Eposito, L W -- Horn, L J -- Wallis, B D -- Buratti, B J -- Brophy, T G -- Yanamandra-Fisher, P -- Colwell, J E -- Bliss, D A -- Mayo, M J -- Smythe, W D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Dec 15;246(4936):1450-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17755998" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Complex structure within Saturn's infrared aurora (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2008-11-14
    Description: The majority of planetary aurorae are produced by electrical currents flowing between the ionosphere and the magnetosphere which accelerate energetic charged particles that hit the upper atmosphere. At Saturn, these processes collisionally excite hydrogen, causing ultraviolet emission, and ionize the hydrogen, leading to H(3)(+) infrared emission. Although the morphology of these aurorae is affected by changes in the solar wind, the source of the currents which produce them is a matter of debate. Recent models predict only weak emission away from the main auroral oval. Here we report images that show emission both poleward and equatorward of the main oval (separated by a region of low emission). The extensive polar emission is highly variable with time, and disappears when the main oval has a spiral morphology; this suggests that although the polar emission may be associated with minor increases in the dynamic pressure from the solar wind, it is not directly linked to strong magnetospheric compressions. This aurora appears to be unique to Saturn and cannot be explained using our current understanding of Saturn's magnetosphere. The equatorward arc of emission exists only on the nightside of the planet, and arises from internal magnetospheric processes that are currently unknown.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stallard, Tom -- Miller, Steve -- Lystrup, Makenzie -- Achilleos, Nicholas -- Bunce, Emma J -- Arridge, Christopher S -- Dougherty, Michele K -- Cowley, Stan W H -- Badman, Sarah V -- Talboys, Dean L -- Brown, Robert H -- Baines, Kevin H -- Buratti, Bonnie J -- Clark, Roger N -- Sotin, Christophe -- Nicholson, Phil D -- Drossart, Pierre -- England -- Nature. 2008 Nov 13;456(7219):214-7. doi: 10.1038/nature07440.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK. tss@ion.le.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19005549" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 7
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    Global circulation as the main source of cloud activity on Titan (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2009-06-06
    Description: Clouds on Titan result from the condensation of methane and ethane and, as on other planets, are primarily structured by circulation of the atmosphere. At present, cloud activity mainly occurs in the southern (summer) hemisphere, arising near the pole and at mid-latitudes from cumulus updrafts triggered by surface heating and/or local methane sources, and at the north (winter) pole, resulting from the subsidence and condensation of ethane-rich air into the colder troposphere. General circulation models predict that this distribution should change with the seasons on a 15-year timescale, and that clouds should develop under certain circumstances at temperate latitudes ( approximately 40 degrees ) in the winter hemisphere. The models, however, have hitherto been poorly constrained and their long-term predictions have not yet been observationally verified. Here we report that the global spatial cloud coverage on Titan is in general agreement with the models, confirming that cloud activity is mainly controlled by the global circulation. The non-detection of clouds at latitude approximately 40 degrees N and the persistence of the southern clouds while the southern summer is ending are, however, both contrary to predictions. This suggests that Titan's equator-to-pole thermal contrast is overestimated in the models and that its atmosphere responds to the seasonal forcing with a greater inertia than expected.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rodriguez, Sebastien -- Le Mouelic, Stephane -- Rannou, Pascal -- Tobie, Gabriel -- Baines, Kevin H -- Barnes, Jason W -- Griffith, Caitlin A -- Hirtzig, Mathieu -- Pitman, Karly M -- Sotin, Christophe -- Brown, Robert H -- Buratti, Bonnie J -- Clark, Roger N -- Nicholson, Phil D -- England -- Nature. 2009 Jun 4;459(7247):678-82. doi: 10.1038/nature08014.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratoire de Planetologie et Geodynamique, CNRS, UMR 6112, Universite de Nantes, 2 rue de la Houssiniere, 44000 Nantes, France. sebastien.rodriguez@cea.fr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19494910" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 8
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    New horizons mapping of Europa and Ganymede (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2007-10-13
    Description: The New Horizons spacecraft observed Jupiter's icy satellites Europa and Ganymede during its flyby in February and March 2007 at visible and infrared wavelengths. Infrared spectral images map H2O ice absorption and hydrated contaminants, bolstering the case for an exogenous source of Europa's "non-ice" surface material and filling large gaps in compositional maps of Ganymede's Jupiter-facing hemisphere. Visual wavelength images of Europa extend knowledge of its global pattern of arcuate troughs and show that its surface scatters light more isotropically than other icy satellites.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Grundy, W M -- Buratti, B J -- Cheng, A F -- Emery, J P -- Lunsford, A -- McKinnon, W B -- Moore, J M -- Newman, S F -- Olkin, C B -- Reuter, D C -- Schenk, P M -- Spencer, J R -- Stern, S A -- Throop, H B -- Weaver, H A -- New Horizons Team -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Oct 12;318(5848):234-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Lowell Observatory, 1400 West Mars Hill Road, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA. mshowalter@seti.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17932288" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Extraterrestrial Environment ; Ice ; *Jupiter ; Spacecraft ; *Water
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Color and albedo heterogeneity of Vesta from Dawn (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-05-15
    Description: Multispectral images (0.44 to 0.98 mum) of asteroid (4) Vesta obtained by the Dawn Framing Cameras reveal global color variations that uncover and help understand the north-south hemispherical dichotomy. The signature of deep lithologies excavated during the formation of the Rheasilvia basin on the south pole has been preserved on the surface. Color variations (band depth, spectral slope, and eucrite-diogenite abundance) clearly correlate with distinct compositional units. Vesta displays the greatest variation of geometric albedo (0.10 to 0.67) of any asteroid yet observed. Four distinct color units are recognized that chronicle processes--including impact excavation, mass wasting, and space weathering--that shaped the asteroid's surface. Vesta's color and photometric diversity are indicative of its status as a preserved, differentiated protoplanet.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Reddy, Vishnu -- Nathues, Andreas -- Le Corre, Lucille -- Sierks, Holger -- Li, Jian-Yang -- Gaskell, Robert -- McCoy, Timothy -- Beck, Andrew W -- Schroder, Stefan E -- Pieters, Carle M -- Becker, Kris J -- Buratti, Bonnie J -- Denevi, Brett -- Blewett, David T -- Christensen, Ulrich -- Gaffey, Michael J -- Gutierrez-Marques, Pablo -- Hicks, Michael -- Keller, Horst Uwe -- Maue, Thorsten -- Mottola, Stefano -- McFadden, Lucy A -- McSween, Harry Y -- Mittlefehldt, David -- O'Brien, David P -- Raymond, Carol -- Russell, Christopher -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 May 11;336(6082):700-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1219088.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research, Max-Planck-Strasse 2, 37191 Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany. reddy@mps.mpg.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22582258" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
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  • 10
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    Vesta's shape and morphology (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2012-05-15
    Description: Vesta's surface is characterized by abundant impact craters, some with preserved ejecta blankets, large troughs extending around the equatorial region, enigmatic dark material, and widespread mass wasting, but as yet an absence of volcanic features. Abundant steep slopes indicate that impact-generated surface regolith is underlain by bedrock. Dawn observations confirm the large impact basin (Rheasilvia) at Vesta's south pole and reveal evidence for an earlier, underlying large basin (Veneneia). Vesta's geology displays morphological features characteristic of the Moon and terrestrial planets as well as those of other asteroids, underscoring Vesta's unique role as a transitional solar system body.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jaumann, R -- Williams, D A -- Buczkowski, D L -- Yingst, R A -- Preusker, F -- Hiesinger, H -- Schmedemann, N -- Kneissl, T -- Vincent, J B -- Blewett, D T -- Buratti, B J -- Carsenty, U -- Denevi, B W -- De Sanctis, M C -- Garry, W B -- Keller, H U -- Kersten, E -- Krohn, K -- Li, J-Y -- Marchi, S -- Matz, K D -- McCord, T B -- McSween, H Y -- Mest, S C -- Mittlefehldt, D W -- Mottola, S -- Nathues, A -- Neukum, G -- O'Brien, D P -- Pieters, C M -- Prettyman, T H -- Raymond, C A -- Roatsch, T -- Russell, C T -- Schenk, P -- Schmidt, B E -- Scholten, F -- Stephan, K -- Sykes, M V -- Tricarico, P -- Wagner, R -- Zuber, M T -- Sierks, H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 May 11;336(6082):687-90. doi: 10.1126/science.1219122.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉German Aerospace Center, Institute of Planetary Research, Berlin, Germany. ralf.jaumann@dlr.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22582254" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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