ALBERT — All Library Books, journals and Electronic Records Telegrafenberg

11

Electronic Resource

The responses of stomata and leaf gas exchange to vapour pressure deficits and soil water content (1985)

Gollan, T. ; Turner, N. C. ; Schulze, E. -D.

Springer

Oecologia 65 (1985), S. 356-362

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ISSN: 1432-1939

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Abstract The responses of leaf conductance, leaf water potential and rates of transpiration and net photosynthesis at different vapour pressure deficits ranging from 10 to 30 Pa kPa-1 were followed in the sclerophyllous woody shrub Nerium oleander L. as the extractable soil water content decreased. When the vapour pressure deficit around a plant was kept constant at 25 Pa kPa-1 as the soil water content decreased, the leaf conductance and transpiration rate showed a marked closing response to leaf water potential at-1.1 to-1.2 MPa, whereas when the vapour pressure deficit around the plant was kept constant at 10 Pa kPa-1, leaf conductance decreased almost linearly from-0.4 to-1.1 MPa. Increasing the vapour pressure deficit from 10 to 30 Pa kPa-1 in 5 Pa kPa-1 steps, decreased leaf conductance at all exchangeable soil water contents. Changing the leaf water potential in a single leaf by exposing the remainder of the plant to a high rate of transpiration decreased the water potential of that leaf, but did not influence leaf conductance when the soil water content was high. As the soil water content was decreased, leaf conductances and photosynthetic rates were higher at equal levels of water potential when the decrease in potential was caused by short-term increases in transpiration than when the potential was decreased by soil drying. As the soil dried and the stomata closed, the rate of photosynthesis decreased with a decrease in the internal carbon dioxide partial pressure, but neither the net photosynthetic rate nor the internal CO2 partial pressure were affected by low water potentials resulting from short-term increases in the rate of transpiration. Leaf conductance, transpiration rate and net photosynthetic rate showed no unique relationship to leaf water potential, but in all experiments the leaf gas exchange decreased when about one half of the extractable soil water had been utilized. We conclude that soil water status rather than leaf water status controls leaf gas exchange in N. oleander.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00378909

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12

Electronic Resource

Book reviews (1986)

Turner, N. C. ; Bresler, Eshel ; Dasberg, S. ; [et al.]

Springer

Irrigation science 7 (1986), S. 287-296

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ISSN: 1432-1319

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00270438

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13

Electronic Resource

Book reviews (1989)

Austin, R. B. ; Turner, N. C. ; Fuchs, M.

Springer

Irrigation science 10 (1989), S. 165-168

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ISSN: 1432-1319

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00265692

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14

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Diurnal changes in the water relations and transpiration of a soybean crop simulated during the development of water deficits (1983)

Kowalik, P. J. ; Turner, N. C.

Springer

Irrigation science 4 (1983), S. 225-238

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ISSN: 1432-1319

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Summary A new model for transpiration of a soybean crop is formulated and solved numerically: the model specifically includes the water stored in the plant. It describes the changes in the daily course of transpiration, stomatal behaviour, leaf water potential and leaf temperature as water deficits develop. The calculated values of leaf water potential (Fig. 3) and transpiration (Fig. 5) compared well with measured values observed during the development of water deficits in a soybean crop growing on a grey cracking clay soil.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00389645

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15

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Estimates of seasonal nitrogen fixation of annual subterranean clover-based pastures using the15N natural abundance technique (1995)

Bolger, T. P. ; Pate, J. S. ; Unkovich, M. J. ; [et al.]

Springer

Plant and soil 175 (1995), S. 57-66

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ISSN: 1573-5036

Keywords: competition ; crop rotation ; farming systems ; ley farming ; soil nitrogen ; Trifolium subterraneum

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Abstract Annual pasture legumes play a key role in ley farming systems of southern Australia, providing biologically fixed nitrogen (N) to drive the production of the pastures as well as subsequent crops grown in rotation. Seasonal inputs of biologically fixed N in shoot biomass of the subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum) component of grazed annual pastures were assessed using the15N natural abundance technique and appropriately timed sampling of herbage dry matter (DM) for N accumulation. At three study sites spanning a gradient across the Western Australian wheatbelt from 300 to 600 mm annual rainfall the performance of the clover and non-legume herbs and grasses was examined as paired comparisons involving two management treatments expected to give contrasting effects on pasture productivity, botanical composition and N2 fixation. The proportion of clover N derived from atmospheric N2 fixation (%Ndfa) ranged from 65 to 95% across sites, treatments and sampling times. Amounts of fixed N accumulated in clover shoot biomass ranged from 50 to 125 kg ha−1, and paralleled trends in clover production. Substantial increases in pasture production in high yielding treatments generally occurred without decrease in %Ndfa, suggesting that N2 fixation was essentially non-limiting to performance of the clover component. Seasonal profiles for accumulation of fixed N were skewed towards the late winter and spring period, particularly in low plant density pastures following a cereal crop. There were seasonal, site and treatment-specific effects on the proportion of clover and non-legume pasture components and consequently clover yield and N2 fixation were variably affected by competition from non-legume species.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02413010

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16

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Influence of soil water deficits on root growth of cotton seedlings (1979)

Malik, R. S. ; Dhankar, J. S. ; Turner, N. C.

Springer

Plant and soil 53 (1979), S. 109-115

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ISSN: 1573-5036

Keywords: Leaf water potential ; Plant adaptation ; Root: shoot ratio ; Shoot growth

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Summary Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. cv. H14) seedlings were raised in soil of differing soil water content in specially designed pots in which the roots had access to freely available water and nutrients located 2.5 cm below the base of the soil core. The time for root emergence from the soil core and the rate of root growth were measured daily from sowing to harvest. The root and shoot dry weight and leaf water potential were measured at the final harvest 16 days after sowing. As soil water content decreased, the root emerged from the soil earlier and the initial rate of root elongation was faster. In spite of the availability of freely available water, the plants in the soil at low water contents had significantly lower leaf water potentials than those in soil at high water contents. The root: shoot ratio increased as the soil water content decreased. This arose from an absolute increase in root weight, with shoot weight not being significantly affected.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02181885

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17

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Determination of Soil-Water Diffusivity for Anisotropic Stratified Soils (1976)

Sawhney, B. L. ; Parlange, J.-Y. ; Turner, N. C.

Wiley

In: Soil Science Society of America Journal. 1976; 40(1): 7-9. Published 1976 Jan 01. doi: 10.2136/sssaj1976.03615995004000010007x.

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Publication Date: 1976-01-01

Print ISSN: 0361-5995

Electronic ISSN: 1435-0661

Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Published by Wiley

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Limits to the height growth of Caragana korshinskii resprouts (2013)

Fang, X.-W., Turner, N. C., Xu, D.-H., Jin, Y., He, J., Li, F.-M.

Oxford University Press

In: Tree Physiology

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Publication Date: 2013-03-21

Description: Predawn leaf water potential (LWP), the LWP between 09:00 and 10:30 h (termed minimum LWP), stem xylem hydraulic conductivity, foliar nitrogen, leaf gas exchange and leaf traits were measured on the same days in adults and 1-year-old to 7-year-old resprouts that had regrown after removing all the aboveground shoots. Height growth and accumulation of aboveground biomass quickly decreased with resprout age and there was no difference between 7-year-old resprouts and the uncut adults. Predawn LWP showed no significant difference between resprouts and adults, but the minimum LWP decreased gradually from –2.0 MPa in 1-year-old resprouts to –3.0 MPa in 7-year-old resprouts. The decrease in minimum LWP was associated with increased hydraulic resistance, as indicated by the gradual decrease in leaf area-specific hydraulic conductivity ( K L ) and sapwood area-specific hydraulic conductivity ( K S ) and the associated increase in stem native percentage loss of hydraulic conductivity in older than 2-year-old resprouts. The leaf nitrogen content per unit area ( N area ) also decreased steadily from 3.6 g m –2 in 1-year-old resprouts to 1.7 g m –2 in 7-year-old resprouts. With the decline in LWP and N area , the rate of leaf photosynthesis per unit area ( A area ) decreased from 20 μ mol m –2 s –1 in 1-year-old resprouts to 11 μ mol m –2 s –1 in 7-year-old resprouts. In adults, although K S decreased further compared with 7-year-old resprouts, the minimum LWP, K L , N area and the rate of photosynthesis increased by 0.3 MPa, 29, 34 and 23%, respectively. The results show that a progressive loss of stem hydraulic conductivity and a steady decrease in foliar nitrogen with age were associated with a decrease in the photosynthetic rate of Caragana korshinskii Kom. resprouts, possibly changing the allocation of photosynthetic assimilates and slowing resprout height growth.

Print ISSN: 0829-318X

Electronic ISSN: 1758-4469

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition