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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of the white peach scale sex pheromone (1979)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 5 (1979), S. 941-953 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: White peach scale ; Pseudaulacaspis pentagona ; pheromone ; attractant ; microtechniques ; enantiomer ; isomers ; (R,Z)-3 ; 9-dimethyl-6-isopropenyl-3 ; 9-decadien-1-ol propionate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Micro techniques were used to obtain spectroscopic and degradative information from less than 5μg of the sex attractant of female white peach scale,Pseudaulascaspis pentagons (Targioni-Tozzetti) isolated from airborne collections. The pheromone was identified as (Z)-3,9-dimethyl-6-isopropenyl-3,9-decadien-1-ol propionate. Both enantiomers of theZ isomer and also the enantiomers of theE isomer were prepared from (R)-or (S)-limonene. Bioassays of material with minimum enantiomeric purity of 95% showed that at extreme dilution only theR,Z isomer attracted male white peach scale; however activity of theS,Z enantiomer could not be completely excluded.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00990217
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis of sex pheromones of lesser peachtree borer and peachtree borer (1980)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 6 (1980), S. 271-284 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Sex pheromone ; attractants ; (E,Z)-3,13-octadecadien-1-ol acetate ; (Z,Z)-3,13-octadecadien-1-ol acetate ; lesser peachtree borer ; Synanthedon pictipes ; peachtree borer ; Synanthedon exitiosa ; 3,13-octadecadien-1-ol isomers ; homopropargylic acetal cleavage ; stereochemistry of dissolving metal reductions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The sex pheromones produced by females of the lesser peachtree borer,Synanthedon pictipes (Grote and Robinson), and the peachtree borer,Synanthedon exitiosa (Say), (E,Z)- and (Z,Z)-3,13-octadecadien-1-ol acetate, respectively, were synthesized from 1,8-dichlorooctane, lithium acetylide, and ethylene oxide. In the course of the synthesis a new carbon-oxygen cleavage reaction of homopropargylic acetals was found, and the stereochemistry of the dissolving metal reductions of acetylenic alcohols was investigated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987545
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of a sex pheromone produced by female velvetbean caterpillar moth (1983)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 9 (1983), S. 645-656 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Sex pheromone ; 3,6,9-heneicosatriene ; 3,6,9-eicosatriene ; velvetbean caterpillar ; Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; attractant ; hydrocarbons
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A sex pheromone produced by female velvetbean caterpillar moths,Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner, that attracts conspecific males was isolated and identified as a blend of (Z,Z,Z)-3,6,9-eicosatriene and (Z,Z,Z)-3,6,9-heneicosatriene in a ratio of ca. 5∶3, respectively, when combined. The synthesized compounds elicited responses by velvetbean caterpillar moth males equivalent to those elicited by females in both laboratory wind tunnel bioassays and field trapping experiments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00990414
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isolation and identification of a component of the sex pheromone of Aegeria apiformis (1988)
    Springer
    Chemistry of natural compounds 24 (1988), S. 113-115 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8388
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract An electroantennographically active substance has been isolated from an extract of the sex pheromone of the hornet clearwing mothAegeria apiformis C. and has been identified by gas-liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry as octadeca-cis-3,cis-13-dien-1-ol.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00597589
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemical and behavioral analyses of volatile sex pheromone components released by callingHeliothis virescens (F.) females (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 12 (1986), S. 107-126 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Volatile sex pheromone blend ; behavior ; chemistry ; Heliothis virescens ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Gas chromatographic and mass spectral analyses were conducted on pheromone gland extracts, volatiles collected from excised pheromone glands, and volatiles collected from calling females. In addition to tetradecanal, (Z)-9-tetradecenal, hexadecanal, (Z)-7-hexadecenal, (Z)-9-hexadecenal, and (Z)-11-hexadecenal, four other compounds, tetradecanol, (Z)-9-tetradecenol, hexadecanol, and (Z)-11-hexadecenol, were also identified from gland extracts. Only the six aldehyde components were found in gland and female volatile collections. The mean percentage of components identified from volatiles collected from calling females was 13.0% tetradecanal, 18.1% (Z)-9-tetradecenal, 7.3% hexadecanal, 0.6% (Z)-7-hexadecenal, 1.0% (Z)-9-hexadecenal, and 60.0% (Z)-11-hexadecenal. Bioassays using rubber septa formulated to release the female volatile blend indicated that all six aldehyde components play major roles in close-range male reproductive behavior. Deletion of (Z)-9-hexadecenal from the six-component blend reduced the number of copulation attempts while (Z)-7-hexadecenal exerted subtle effects on all close range behaviors. Tetradecanal affected the number of times males reorient from close range. Deletion of hexadecanal from the six-component blend resulted in a significant reduction in the number of times males landed. Comparison of the six-component synthetic blend (released at somewhat less than 1 female equivalent per hour) with calling females indicated that the six-component blend was indistinguishable from the females in inducing all of the behaviors monitored.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01045595
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of sex pheromone produced by female sweetpotato weevil,Cylas formicarius elegantulus (Summers) (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 12 (1986), S. 1489-1503 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Cylas formicarius elegantulus ; sweetpotato weevil ; sweet potato ; (Z)-3-dodecen-1-ol (E)-2-butenoate ; sex pheromone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A sex pheromone of the sweetpotato weevil,Cylas formicarius elegantulus (Summers), was obtained from collections of volatiles from virgin females, and pheromone was isolated by means of liquid and gas chromatography. The purification procedure was monitored by quantitative laboratory and field bioassays and the compound was identified as (Z)-3-dodecen-1-ol (E)-2-butenoate by means of spectroscopic and microchemical methods. Synthesis, followed by laboratory and field bioassays, showed that the biological activity of the synthetic material was qualitatively and quantitatively indistinguishable from that of the purified natural product.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01012367
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Flight response ofHeliothis subflexa (Gn.) females (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to an attractant from groundcherry,Physalis angulata L. (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 15 (1989), S. 221-231 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Heliothis subflexa ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; attractant ; kairomone ; groundcherry ; Physalis angulatus ; flight tunnel bioassay ; plant-insect interaction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Mated femaleHeliothis subflexa (Gn.) (HS) moths 1–7 days old responded positively in a Plexiglas flight tunnel to an attractant extracted with methanol from fresh whole-leaf washes of groundcherry,Physalis angulata L. Response to the groundcherry extract, as indicated by plume-tracking (i.e., upwind flight toward the odor source) and contact with the chemical dispenser did not change significantly during the first 5 hr of scotophase. Overall, ca. 50% of the responding moths also landed on the chemical dispenser; ca. 50% of the moths that landed also deposited eggs. There were no significant differences in the behavioral responses of females mating only once and those that had mated two or more times. Virgin females and male moths were significantly less responsive to the groundcherry attractant than mated females. The flight tunnel bioassay described provides an excellent system for evaluating plant allelochemics associated with host-plant selection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02027784
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ovipositional response of threeHeliothis species (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to allelochemicals from cultivated and wild host plants (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 16 (1990), S. 1817-1827 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Cotton ; groundcherry ; tobacco ; Gossypium ; Desmodium ; Physalis ; plant-insect interaction ; host-plant resistance ; Heliothis spp. ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; oviposition stimulant ; oviposition deterrent
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The role of plant allelochemicals on the oviposition behavior ofHeliothis virescens (F.),H. subflexa (Guenee), andH. zea (Boddie) was investigated in the laboratory using a “choice” bioassay system. Fresh young leaves of tobacco,Desmodium tortuosum (Swartz) de Candolle, groundcherry (Physalis angulata L.), and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) squares (flower buds) were washed in methylene chloride or methanol, concentrated to 1 g equivalent of washed material, and applied to a cloth oviposition substrate. Each of the extracts—including groundcherry, a nonhost—stimulated oviposition byH. virescens. H. subflexa were stimulated to oviposit by groundcherry extract, its normal host, and extract from cotton squares, a nonhost. None of the extracts stimulated oviposition byH. zea, although all except groundcherry were from reported hosts. The sensitivity of the bioassay was confirmed by givingH. virescens andH. subflexa an opportunity to choose between extracts that showed stimulant qualities when tested independently versus only solvent-treated controls. In these tests, tobacco showed the highest level of stimulant activity forH. virescens; groundcherry exhibited the highest level of stimulation forH. subflexa.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01020496
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acyclohexanediones from setal exudate of Hawthorn lace bug nymphCorythucha cydoniae (Hemiptera: Tingidae) (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 15 (1989), S. 2369-2378 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Hawthorn lace bug ; Corythucha cydoniae ; Hemiptera ; Tingidae ; 3,6-dihydroxy-2-[1-oxo-6(E) ; 8(E)-tetradecadienyl]cyclohex-2-en-1-one ; 3,6-dihydroxy-2-[1-oxo-dodecanyl]-cyclohex-2-en-1-one ; 3,6-dihydroxy-2-[1-oxo-8-dodecenyl]cyclohex-2-en-1-one ; 3,6-dihydroxy-2-acyl-cyclohex-2-en-1-ones ; setal exudate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The three major components of setal exudate from nymphs of the Hawthorn lace bug,Corythucha cydoniae, were identified as 3,6-dihydroxy-2-[1-oxo-6(E),8(E)-tetradecadienyl]cyclohex-2-en-1-one; 3,6-dihydroxy-2-[1-oxo-dodecanyl]-cyclohex-2-en-1-one; 3,6-dihydroxy-2-[1-oxo-8-dodecenyl] cyclohex-2-en-1-one. An additional 10 minor components were partially characterized.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01012088
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sampling range of male sweetpotato weevils (Cylas formicarius elegantulus) (Summers) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) to pheromone traps: Influence of pheromone dosage and lure age (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 16 (1990), S. 2493-2502 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Cylas formicarius elegantulus (Summers) ; Coleoptera ; Curculionidae ; sex pheromone ; sweetpotato weevil ; mark-release-recapture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Studies were conducted to determine the effects of sex pheromone dosage and lure age on movement of male sweetpotato weevils (SPW),Cylas formicarius elegantulus (Summers), using mark-release-recapture techniques. SPW trap counts from various downwind distances were compared for dosages ranging from 0.01 to 10.0 μg and lure ages ranging from fresh (0 days old) to 64 days old. The percentages of male SPW recaptured decreased with an increase in release distance and decreased with a decrease in dosage at each corresponding distance. Most SPW were caught within the first 16-hr period. Slopes of percent recapture vs. release distance for the two higher dosages (10 μg and 1.0 μg) differed from those of the two lower dosages (0.1 and 0.01 μg) but did not differ from each other. Intercepts were similar among the three higher dosages. Slopes did not differ among the five lure ages examined. Intercepts differed between fresh (0 days old) and 24-day-old septa at 16 hr and between fresh (0 days old) and 34-day-old septa at 40 hr. Previous exposure to pheromone (conditioning) did not increase percentages of SPW recaptured. Results indicate that male SPW are capable of traversing distances of at least 280 m in 16 hr. The pheromone tested in this study appears to be effective at dosages lower than any other coleopteran sex-pheromone system. Incorporation of this pheromone into a SPW management system may effectively reduce the use of insecticides.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01017472
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