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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isolation, identification, and synthesis of male-produced sex pheromone of papaya fruit fly,Toxotrypana curvicauda Gerstaecker (Diptera: Tephritidae) (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 13 (1987), S. 1979-1992 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Toxotrypana curvicauda ; Diptera ; Tephritidae ; papaya fruit fly ; male sex pheromone ; pheromone ; 2-methyl-6-vinylpyrazine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A male-produced sex pheromone of the papaya fruit fly,Toxotrypana curvicauda Gerstaecker, was isolated from volatiles collected from air passed over calling males and was identified as 2-methyl-6-vinylpyrazine by comparative gas-liquid chromatographic and spectroscopic evidence. Synthetic 2-methyl-6-vinylpyrazine elicited typical pheromonal responses from unmated mature female flies such as walking, running, and flying in an arena bioassay; flying upwind with a zigzag flight pattern; and hovering in the pheromone plume in a wind-tunnel bioassay. These responses were similar quantitatively and qualitatively to responses to naturally occurring pheromone from calling male papaya fruit flies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01014680
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of a male-produced pheromone ofAnticarsia gemmatalis (Hübner) (Lepidoptera; Noctuidae) attractive to conspecific males (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 14 (1988), S. 1121-1130 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Anticarsia gemmatalis ; velvetbean caterpillar ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; attractant ; pheromone ; hairpencils ; (Z,Z,Z)-3,6,9-heneicosatriene ; male-produced pheromone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Observations in the laboratory and in the field indicated that maleAnticarsia gemmatalis (Hübner), the velvetbean caterpillar (VBC), are attracted to conspecific courting males. Male VBC subsequently were found to be attracted to extracts of male abdominal tips including the extrudable hairpencils. The active chemical in these extracts was identified as (Z,Z,Z)-3,6,9-heneicosatriene, which is also one of the major components of the female VBC sex pheromone. Male VBC in a wind tunnel and in the field exhibited a bimodal response distribution to a range of ratios of the (Z,Z,Z)-3,6,9-heneicosatriene and (Z,Z,Z)-3,6,9-eicosatriene, with one maximum at the pure heneicosatriene alone and the other at the 60∶40 female blend. This demonstrates that the male response to the male hairpencil component is distinct from that to the female sex pheromone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01019340
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of host plant,Gossypium hirsutum L., on sexual attraction of cabbage looper moths,Trichoplusia ni (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 20 (1994), S. 2959-2974 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Cabbage looper ; Trichoplusia ni ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; pheromone ; kairomone ; attractants ; host finding ; (S)-(+)-linalool
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Unmated female or male cabbage looper moths,Trichoplusia ni (Hübner), were attracted more often in a flight tunnel to a cage with moths of the opposite sex and a bouquet of cotton foliage. Increased sexual attractiveness of females with plants may be a result of stimulation of pheromone release in response to plant odor, since more males were attracted when odor of cotton foliage was passed over females than when odor of females was passed over cotton foliage before venting into the flight tunnel. Increased sexual attractiveness of males with plants is due in part to host odor enhancement of female attraction to male pheromone, since more females were attracted to synthetic male pheromone (a blend of enantiomers of linalool and isomers of cresol) and a cotton leaf extract than were attracted to male pheromone alone. A short synthesis procedure was developed for (S)-(+)-linalool, the major component of the male sex pheromone, isolated from hair pencils, used in these tests.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02098402
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sex pheromone of fall armyworm,Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 12 (1986), S. 1909-1926 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Spodoptera frugiperda ; fall armyworm ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; (Z)-7-dodecen-1-ol acetate ; (Z)-9-tetradecen-1-ol acetate ; pheromone ; attractant ; sex pheromone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Analyses of extracts of pheromone glands and of volatiles from calling female fall armyworm moths,Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), revealed the presence of the following compounds: dodecan-1-ol acetate, (Z)-7-dodecen-1-ol acetate, 11-dodecen-1-ol acetate, (Z)-9-tetradecenal, (Z)-9-tetradecen-1-ol acetate, (Z)-11-hexadecenal, and (Z)-11-hexadecen-1-ol acetate. The volatiles emitted by calling females differed from the gland extract in that the two aldehydes were absent. Field tests were conducted with sticky traps baited with rubber septa formulated to release blends with the same component ratios as those emitted by calling females. These tests demonstrated that both (Z)-7-dodecen-1-ol acetate and (Z)-9-tetradecen-1-ol acetate are required for optimum activity and that this blend is a significantly better lure than either virgin females or 25 mg of (Z)-9-dodecen-1-ol acetate in a polyethylene vial, the previously used standard. Addition of the other three acetates found in the volatiles did not significantly increase the effectiveness of the two-component blend as a bait for Pherocon 1C or International Pheromones moth traps.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01041855
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis, synthesis, formulation, and field testing of three major components of male mediterranean fruit fly pheromone (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 17 (1991), S. 1925-1940 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Insecta ; Diptera ; Tephritidae ; Mediterranean fruit fly ; pheromone ; attractant ; Ceratitis capitata ; ethyl-(E)-3-octenoate ; geranyl acetate ; (E,E)-α-farnesene
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Three major components, ethyi-(E)-3-octenoate, geranyl acetate, and (E,E)-α-farnesene, emitted as volatiles by laboratory-reared and wild male medflies were collected and analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. Peak emission of these compounds occurred during the third to fifth hours of the photophase and differences were observed in the ratios of the three components emitted by male laboratory-reared and wild flies. These three compounds were synthesized, and a method was developed to formulate a synthetic blend that released the compounds in a ratio similar to that emitted by wild male medflies. Attractiveness of the blend to female medflies was demonstrated under field conditions by comparing trap catches. Black spherical traps, baited with the synthetic blend to release 1.6 male equivalents, caught significantly more females than blank traps and traps from which the blend released was 0.3, 3.2 or 6.4 male equivalents.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00993739
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of the white peach scale sex pheromone (1979)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 5 (1979), S. 941-953 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: White peach scale ; Pseudaulacaspis pentagona ; pheromone ; attractant ; microtechniques ; enantiomer ; isomers ; (R,Z)-3 ; 9-dimethyl-6-isopropenyl-3 ; 9-decadien-1-ol propionate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Micro techniques were used to obtain spectroscopic and degradative information from less than 5μg of the sex attractant of female white peach scale,Pseudaulascaspis pentagons (Targioni-Tozzetti) isolated from airborne collections. The pheromone was identified as (Z)-3,9-dimethyl-6-isopropenyl-3,9-decadien-1-ol propionate. Both enantiomers of theZ isomer and also the enantiomers of theE isomer were prepared from (R)-or (S)-limonene. Bioassays of material with minimum enantiomeric purity of 95% showed that at extreme dilution only theR,Z isomer attracted male white peach scale; however activity of theS,Z enantiomer could not be completely excluded.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00990217
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of volatile sex pheromone components released by the southern armyworm,Spodoptera eridania (Cramer) (1985)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 11 (1985), S. 717-725 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Spodoptera eridania ; southern armyworm ; Spodoptera exigua ; beet armyworm ; Lepidoptera ; Nocteridae ; pheromone ; attractant ; (Z)-9-tetradecen-1-ol acetate ; (Z)-9-(E)-12-tetradecadien-1-ol acetate ; (Z)-9-(E)12-tetradecadien-1-ol acetate ; (Z)-9-(E)-11-tetradecadien-1-ol acetate ; (Z)-11-hexadecen-1-ol acetate ; (Z)-9-tetradecen-1-ol, behavior
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Analysis of sex pheromone gland extracts and volatile pheromone components collected from the calling female southern armyworm,Spodoptera eridania (Cramer), by high-resolution capillary gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy indicated that a number of 14-carbon mono- and diunsaturated acetates and a monounsaturated 16-carbon acetate were produced. Gland extracts also indicated the presence of (Z)-9-tetradecen-1-ol. However, this compound was not found in collections of volatiles. Field trapping studies indicated that the volatile blend composed of (Z)-9-tetradecen-1-ol acetate (60%), (Z)-9-(E)-12-tetradecadien-1-ol acetate (17%), (Z)-9-(Z)-12-tetradecadien-1-ol acetate (15%), (Z)-9-(E)-11-tetradecadien-1-ol acetate (5%), and (Z)-11-hexadecen-1-ol acetate (3 %) was an effective trap bait for males of this species. The addition of (Z)-9-tetradecen-1-ol to the acetate blends tested resulted in the capture of beet armyworm,S. exigua (Hubner), males which provides further evidence that the alcohol is a pheromone component of this species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988301
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A bioassay system for collecting volatiles while simultaneously attracting tephritid fruit flies (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 19 (1993), S. 2395-2410 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Bioassay system ; flight tunnel ; fruit flies ; Caribbean fruit fly ; Anastrepha suspensa ; Diptera ; Tephritidae ; pheromone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A bioassay system was developed that permits the testing of various substrates for biological activity in a flight tunnel, while simultaneously collecting a portion of the volatiles from the attractive source for subsequent chemical identification and quantification. Bioassays of the response of virgin female Caribbean fruit flies,Anastrepha suspensa (Loew) (Diptera: Tephritidae), to volatiles released by calling males were conducted in a greenhouse under natural light cycles and fluctuating environmental conditions, similar to those in the field. Using this system, the periodicity of response of the female flies between 1300 and 1845 hr (EST) was tested. Fifty to 75% response occurred between 1700 and 1845 hr. Male pheromone release was greatest between 1500 and 1800 hr. Videotaped records of insects, taken between 1700 and 1800 hr as flies approached and entered the traps, were analyzed to interpret the communicative role of the volatiles released. Significantly more flies landed on and entered the pheromone-emitting trap than the control trap. There was no difference in the amount of time spent on the trap face, an indication that volatiles were attractants. The system described should be of general utility in determination of the attraction of pest fruit flies to suspected attractants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00979673
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