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  • Other Sources  (8)
  • 1
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    In:  Other Sources
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Major results from paleoclimatic investigations are investigated, and background material is included. The time interval surveyed extends from the formation of the earth 4.6 billion years ago to the development of the instrumental record. Previously announced in STAR as N82-33946
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Reviews of Geophysics and Space Physics (ISSN 0034-6853); 21; May 1983
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: A simple climate model has been used to calculate the effect of past changes in the land-sea distribution on the seasonal cycle of temperatures during the last 100 million years. Modeled summer temperature decreased over Greenland by more than 10 C and over Antarctica by 5 to 8 C. For the last 80 million years, this thermal response is comparable in magnitude to estimated atmospheric carbon dioxide effects. Analysis of paleontological data provides some support for the proposed hypothesis that large changes due to seasonality may have sometimes resulted in an ice-free state due to high summer temperatures rather than year-round warmth. Such 'cool' nonglacials may have prevailed for as much as one-third of the last 100 million years.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Science (ISSN 0036-8075); 231; 579-584
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  • 3
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Mathematical climate modelling has matured as a discipline to the point that it is useful in paleoclimatology. As an example a new two dimensional energy balance model is described and applied to several problems of current interest. The model includes the seasonal cycle and the detailed land-sea geographical distribution. By examining the changes in the seasonal cycle when external perturbations are forced upon the climate system it is possible to construct hypotheses about the origin of midlatitude ice sheets and polar ice caps. In particular the model predicts a rather sudden potential for glaciation over large areas when the Earth's orbital elements are only slightly altered. Similarly, the drift of continents or the change of atmospheric carbon dioxide over geological time induces radical changes in continental ice cover. With the advance of computer technology and improved understanding of the individual components of the climate system, these ideas will be tested in far more realistic models in the near future.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: NASA-TM-86106 , NAS 1.15:86106
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  • 4
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    Unknown
    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Major results from paleoclimatic investigations are investigated, and background material is included. The time interval surveyed extends from the formation of the Earth 4.6 billion years ago to the development of the instrumental record.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: NASA-TM-83956 , NAS 1.15:83956
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Simulations of climate over the Last Millennium (850-1850 CE) have been incorporated into the third phase of the Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project (PMIP3). The drivers of climate over this period are chiefly orbital, solar, volcanic, changes in land use/land cover and some variation in greenhouse gas levels. While some of these effects can be easily defined, the reconstructions of solar, volcanic and land use-related forcing are more uncertain. We describe here the approach taken in defining the scenarios used in PMIP3, document the forcing reconstructions and discuss likely implications.
    Keywords: Meteorology and Climatology
    Type: GSFC-E-DAA-TN9182 , Geoscientific Model Development; 4; 1; 33-45
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Investigation of circadian rhythms in a number of variables related to sleep, EEG, temperature, and motor activity in rhesus monkeys on an LD 12:12 schedule. Circadian rhythms were found to appear in each of 15 variables investigated. Statistical procedures assessed the variables for evidence of common regulation in these aspects of their circadian rhythms: acrophase (timing), amplitude (extent of change), and level (24-hr mean value). Patterns appearing in the data suggested that the circadian rhythms of certain variables are regulated in common. The circadian modulation of activity in the beta and sigma frequency bands of the EEG was correlated with statistical significance in acrophase, level, and amplitude. The delta frequency band appeared to be under circadian rhythm regulation distinct from that of the other bands. The circadian rhythm of REM stage sleep was like that of beta activity in level and amplitude. The data indicate that REM stage may share some common regulation of circadian timing with both stage 3-4 sleep and with temperature. Generally, however, the circadian rhythm of temperature appeared to bear little relation to the circadian rhythms of motor activity, EEG, or sleep.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Biochronometry; Symposium; Sep 04, 1969 - Sep 06, 1969; Friday Harbor, WA
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2017-07-27
    Description: Extremely large volcanic eruptions have been linked to global climate change, biotic turnover, and, for the Younger Toba Tuff (YTT) eruption 74,000 years ago, near-extinction of modern humans. One of the largest uncertainties of the climate effects involves evolution and growth of aerosol particles. A huge atmospheric concentration of sulfate causes higher collision rates, larger particle sizes, and rapid fall out, which in turn greatly affects radiative feedbacks. We address this key process by incorporating the effects of aerosol microphysical processes into an Earth System Model. The temperature response is shorter (9–10 years) and three times weaker (−3.5 K at maximum globally) than estimated before, although cooling could still have reached −12 K in some midlatitude continental regions after one year. The smaller response, plus its geographic patchiness, suggests that most biota may have escaped threshold extinction pressures from the eruption.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2016-09-07
    Description: The origin of much of the variability in late Quaternary climate remains a major question in the understanding of processes of past and future climate change. The origin of major rapid, decadal climate change during the latest Quaternary remains an enigma. These issues are critical for understanding global change. Although major progress continues to be made, a general consensus has developed that limitations in knowledge of the chronology of millennial-scale climate variability are impeding further progress.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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