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Natural and anthropogenic influences on the geochemistry of Quaternary lake sediments from Holzmaar, Germany (1997)

Lottermoser, B. G. ; Schütz, U. ; Boenecke, J. ; [et al.]

Springer

Environmental geology 31 (1997), S. 236-247

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ISSN: 1432-0495

Keywords: Key words Lake sediments ; Heavy metals ; Geochemistry ; Element fluxes

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Geosciences

Notes: Abstract The accumulation of heavy metals and trace elements has been investigated in a well laminated sequence of Holocene and late Pleistocene lake sediments composed of diatomaceous gyttja, tuff and silt and clay sediments. Varve chronology of the annually deposited gyttja yielded a continuous high-resolution time sequence and allowed the absolute age dating of the sediment. Fluxes of elements remained largely uniform from the late Pleistocene into the Holocene (12 867–2 364 VT years ago; VT: varve time, years before 1950). Higher trace element and heavy metal fluxes occur from 2 322 to 862 VT years ago and reached their maxima in the uppermost sediments (〈845 VT years ago). These increasing element fluxes correlate with increasing inputs of clastic material. The changing accumulation rates are the result of elevated soil erosion in the lake catchment caused by human settlement, deforestation and agricultural activities. Thus disturbances of the natural geochemical cycles of the Holzmaar region have occurred since the beginning of the Iron Age and especially since the beginning of the Middle Ages.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002540050185

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Zwei Strandseifen in Mexiko, ihre Zusammensetzung und Herkunft (1986)

Negendank, J. F. W. ; Nun, N.

Springer

International journal of earth sciences 75 (1986), S. 791-804

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ISSN: 1437-3262

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Geosciences

Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Two beach placers (swash-backswash zone) of the Atlantic and Pacific coast of Mexico north of Veracruz and Manzanillo have been investigated. Both occurrences contain similar heavy mineral phases, however they can be distinguished in detail. In Manzanillo the placer is derived from plutonic rocks (granitoid-gneiss complex) of the Sierra Madre del Sur, whereas the placer north of Veracruz originates from Tertiary to Quaternary igneous rocks of the »Massif de Palma Sola«. Grain size distribution and composition especially of opaque heavy mineral phases reveal their different regional and petrographic origin. The formation of maghemite and »martite« is a result of alteration processes and can be interpreted as »climatic effect«, altering the detritic and rounded phases of the system TiO2-FeO-Fe2O3 by forming a rim of maghemite and hematite. This instrument analysing the opaque heavy minerals permits beyond the results of investigating the transparent heavy minerals to determine I-type-granites and basic — intermediate igneous rocks as original rocks.

Abstract: Resumen Dos placeres de playa en dos porciones litorales del costa Atlantico y Pacifico estuvieron investigados. Les se encuentran norte de Veracruz y en Manzanillo. Los dos placeres contienen minerales pesados semejantes en los dos lugares, sin embargo se puede constatar diferencias. Los minerales pesados a la playa de Manzanillo son de plutonitas ubicadas en el complejo de »granita y gneiss« del Sierra Madre del Sur, mientras que los minerales pesados norte de Veracruz descienden de rocas igneas Cenozoicas de la region de Palma Sola. La distribucion de los varios minerales pesados especialmente de los minerales pesados opaques y sus concentraciones en los diferentes fracciones indican las rocas de las cuales los minerales pesados dependen. Additionalmente un proceso de alteration resulta en la formacion de »maghemita« y »martita« interpretado como un »efecto climático« alterando los margenes de los titanomagnetitas y ilmenitas. El método de investigar los minerales pesados opaques additionalmente permita determinar »I-type-Granites« y rocas volcanicas basicas como rocas originales.

Notes: Zusammenfassung Zwei Strandseifen aus der Schwall- und Sog-Zone der atlantischen und pazifischen Küste Mexikos, nördlich von Veracruz und bei Manzanillo, wurden untersucht. Beide Vorkommen enthalten ähnliche Schwermineralphasen, lassen sich jedoch voneinander unterscheiden. In Manzanillo entstammen sie im wesentlichen den Tiefengesteinen des Granitoid-Gneisgürtels der Sierra Madre del Sur, während sie nördlich von Veracruz den tertiär-quartären Vulkaniten des Palma-Sola-Massivs zuzuordnen sind. Die Liefergebietsunterschiede sind deutlich hinsichtlich Korngrö\enverteilung und Zusammensetzung, speziell der opaken Schwerminerale, zu erkennen. Zusätzlich lä\t sich ein »Verwitterungseinflu\« in Form einer Maghemitisierung und Martitisierung feststellen. Er wird als »klimatischer Effekt« gedeutet, der die Umwandlung der detritischen (deuterisch und hydrothermal oxidierten) gerundeten Erzphasen saumartig von au\en nach innen in Maghemit und Hämatit zur Folge hat. Das angewandte Instrument der Analyse der opaken Schwerminerale erlaubt es sogar, über die Resultate der Analyse der transparenten Schwerminerale hinaus, I-Typ-Granitoide und basische — intermediäre Vulkanite als Herkunftsgesteine zu identifizieren.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01820648

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Sedimentological proof and dating of the Early Holocene volcanic eruption of Ulmener Maar (Vulkaneifel, Germany) (1995)

Zolitschka, B. ; Negendank, J. F. W. ; Lottermoser, B. G.

Springer

International journal of earth sciences 84 (1995), S. 213-219

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ISSN: 1437-3262

Keywords: Sediments ; Varves ; Tephra layers ; Radiocarbon dating ; Geochemistry ; Palaeomagnetics Volcanism ; Holocene ; Westeifel (Germany)

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Geosciences

Notes: Abstract A minerogeniclayer occurs in early postglacial organic sediments from five maar lakes (West Eifel Volcanic Field, Germany). The mineralogy and stratigraphic position of this tephra suggests that it is related to the youngest German volcano, Ulmener Maar, nearby. Radiocarbon dating of wood from the base of the Ulmener Maar Tephra at two locations provide ages in agreement with an accelerator mass spectrometer 14C date for the minerogenic layer from sediments of Lake Holzmaar situated 13 km south-west of Ulmener Maar. The mean radiocarbon age is 9 560 years BP. Dating by varve chronology provides an age of 10017 years VT (varve time in years before 1950) or 10 895 years corrected VT. Based on palynology the Ulmener Maar Tephra was deposited at the end of the Preboreal. High values of natural remnant magnetization intensity, typical of pyroclastic material, confirm that this minerogenic layer differs in composition from other clastic deposits of the sedimentary record. Geochemical analyses reveal increased values of total trace elements for the Laacher See Tephra and Ulmener Maar Tephra. An isopach map based on thickness variations of the Ulmener Maar Tephra at five investigated maar lakes indicates that the tephra was mainly transported to the south west.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00192252

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Palaeomagnetic investigations of the tertiary and quaternary igneous rocks: VII the tertiary rocks of Southwest Germany (1973)

Nairn, A. E. M. ; Negendank, J.

Springer

International journal of earth sciences 62 (1973), S. 126-137

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ISSN: 1437-3262

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Geosciences

Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Rocks from sixteen sites in southwestern Germany were examined palaeomagnetically and petrologically with attention concentrated on the ore minerals. The largest suite of rocks from the Hegau shows that two dated rocks have the sign of magnetization predicted byHeirtzler et al. (1968) and two do not. However the confidence levels of the radiometric ages are not known. It is probable that the remanence found in the Katzenbuckel reflects the time of hydrothermal alteration, the rest, the paleomagnetic field.

Abstract: Résumé Des échantillons volcaniques, prélevés dans la région du fossé d'Alsace et de Bade ainsi que dans celle du Hegau (Allemagne du sud-ouest) ont fait l'objet d'une analyse paléomagnétique et minéralogique. La série de roches provenant du Hegau montre que 2 roches datées correspondent à la direction d'aimantation indiquée parHeirtzler et d'autres (en 1968), tandis que 2 autres la contredisent. La question de savoir dans quelle mesure les deux échelles de données radiométriques sont concordantes reste entière. Il se peut que l'aimantation rémanente, dans les roches du Katzenbuckel, indique le moment de la transformation hydrothermale, tandis que le reste reflète le champ paléomagnétique.

Notes: Zusammenfassung Aus dem Bereich des Oberrheingrabens und des Hegaus (SW-Deutschland) wurden Vulkanite entnommen und paläomagnetisch und erzmineralogisch untersucht. Die umfangreiche Gesteinsserie aus dem Hegau zeigt, daß zwei datierte Gesteine der vonHeirtzler et al. (1968) vorhergesagten Magnetisierungsrichtung entund zwei dieser Skala widersprechen. Dabei bleibt offen, inwieweit die beiden Skalen radiometrischer Daten übereinstimmen. Möglicherweise gibt die gefundene Remanenz in den Katzenbuckelgesteinen die Zeit der hydrothermalen Veränderung, der Rest das paläomagnetische Feld wieder.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01826820

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Palaeomagnetic investigations of the tertiary and quaternary igneous rocks: IV The tertiary volcanic rocks of the Tokaji mountains, Hungary (1971)

Nairn, A. E. M. ; Negendank, J. ; Panto, G.

Springer

International journal of earth sciences 60 (1971), S. 727-743

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ISSN: 1437-3262

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Geosciences

Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Measurements are reported from samples collected at twenty three sites in the Tokaj mountains of north-eastern Hungary. The simplest interpretation of the results is in terms of geomagnetic field reversals, for there is no petrological or magnetic evidence of self reversal or of correlation of oxidation state and magnetic sign. Four magnetic zones satisfy the minimum stratigraphic requirements, speculative use of these zones against theHeirtzler et al. magnetic time scale as a control suggests locating the Miocene-Pliocene boundary at 11.75 my. However it seems probable that much of the lower Sarmatian is not represented in the Tokaj samples, although the scatter of individual readings suggest secular variation is averaged out. The virtual pole position at 70.4 W, 82.8 N is not significantly different from the theoretical dipole field.

Abstract: Résumé Des mesures paléomagnetiques ont été effectuées sur des roches hongroises qui proviennent de 23 endroits des montagnes TokaÏ. Les résultats sont interprétés comme des inversions du champ magnétique car il n'y a pas de raisons d'admettre ni d'auto-inversion ni de rapports entre les états d'oxidation des ilménites et des titanomagnétites et les données magnétiques. Quatre zones magnétiques correspondent à cette suite stratigraphique; une comparaison possible de ces zones avec l'échelle du temps deHeirtzler et al. comme contrÔle laisse supposer que la limite Miocène-Pliocène se situe à 11.75 millions années. Il est probable d'une part qu'une grande partie du Sarmatien inférieur n'est pas représentée par ces roches volcaniques de TokaÏ, d'autre part qu'une variation séculaire comme un interprétation possible peut Être exclue avec grande probabilité. La position virtuelle du pÔle avec 70.4 ouest, 82.8 nord n'est pas très différente du champ théorique du dipole.

Notes: Zusammenfassung Es wird über paläomagnetische Messungen an ungarischen Gesteinen berichtet, die von 23 Punkten in den Tokajer Bergen stammen. Die Ergebnisse werden als magnetische Feldumkehrungen gedeutet, da sich weder für Selbstumkehrungen noch für Beziehungen zwischen den jeweiligen Oxidationszuständen der Ilmenite und Titanomagnetite und den magnetischen Daten Anhaltspunkte ergeben haben. Vier magnetische Zonen entsprechen dieser stratigraphischen Abfolge; ein möglicher Vergleich dieser Zonen mit der magnetischen Zeitskala vonHeirtzler u. a. als Kontrolle legt die Vermutung nahe, die Miozän-Pliozän-Grenze mit 11,75 Millionen Jahren anzugeben. Einerseits ist es wahrscheinlich, daß das Untere Sarmat durch die Tokajer Vulkanite nicht vollständig erfaßt wird, andererseits kann eine Säkular-Variation als Deutungsmöglichkeit wahrscheinlich ausgeschlossen werden. Die virtuelle Pol-Position mit 70.4 W, 82.8 N weicht nicht bedeutend vom theoretischen Dipol-Feld ab.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02000479

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6

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Land-ice teleconnections of cold climatic periods during the last Glacial/Interglacial transition (2000)

Brauer, A. ; Günter, C. ; Johnsen, S. J. ; [et al.]

Springer

Climate dynamics 16 (2000), S. 229-239

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ISSN: 1432-0894

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Geosciences , Physics

Notes: Abstract Independent calendar year chronologies are a basic requirement for the establishment of high resolution land-ice teleconnections. The annually laminated Meerfelder Maar record provides both an independent chronology, established by varve counting, and high resolution lithological proxy data for the period of the last Glacial/Interglacial transition. These data reveal a series of four periods of climatic deterioration coinciding with negative isotopic deviations in the GRIP record signal, thus demonstrating the synchronicity of environment changes in Western Germany and temperature shifts in Greenland. The terrestrial data supports a further sub-division of the event stratigraphy based on the GRIP core, by introducing the cold event GI-1c2 between 13 500 and 13 400 calendar years BP. Multiproxy analyses reveal that the environmental response at Meerfelder Maar was not linear throughout the Lateglacial but was modified by local processes. A change in the response of the lake environment to climate deterioration was observed during sub-stage GI-1b (Gerzensee oscillation), the only event with gradual rather than abrupt transitions. The two-fold character of the Younger Dryas as seen in the GRIP record is more pronounced in the Meerfelder Maar record. This lithological signal occurred with a delay of 60 years to the GRIP signal, and has been linked to a shift in the catchment. It is proposed that the trigger for this shift was a trend towards a more humid second half of the Younger Dryas.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003820050016

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Der Ostteil des Transmexikanischen Vulkangürtels und seine Position im Gesamtgürtel (1982)

Negendank, J. F. W. ; Böhnel, H. ; Emmermann, R. ; [et al.]

Springer

Naturwissenschaften 69 (1982), S. 130-139

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ISSN: 1432-1904

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General

Notes: Abstract It is reported about geological and petrological investigations on igneous rocks of the Eastern Trans-Mexican volcanic belt. The results seem to coincide with the hypothesis of the Cocosplate being subducted in NE direction.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00376717

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Evaluation of controlling factors on facies distribution and evolution in an arid continental environment: an example from the Rotliegend of the NE German Basin (2003)

Rieke, H. ; Mccann, T. ; Krawczyk, C. M. ; [et al.]

In: Geological Society Special Publication 208: 71-94.

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Publication Date: 2003-01-01

Description: About 3 km of core material from 14 wells together with additional data from several hundred wells across the NE German Basin (NEGB), have been investigated in order to reconstruct the facies architecture and the evolution of the Upper Rotliegend II. Special attention has also been given to the verification of various controlling factors and their influence on sedimentation in an arid continental environment. The facies architecture within the logged profiles comprises five main environments, namely braided plain, ephemeral stream floodplain, sand flat, mudflat and playa lake. The evolution can be subdivided into four distinct basin-wide correlatable periods -- Parchim, Mirow, Dethlingen and Hannover formations -- with each of them being characterized by a specific basin geometry and interplay of controlling factors. The deposition of the basal Parchim Formation largely took place within a tectonically created basin, whereas the facies evolution displayed an initial less-arid climatic period and later shift to an arid climate. The succeeding Mirow Formation marks the beginning of thermally induced basin subsidence. However, sedimentation itself clearly reflects a period in which the climate was relatively less arid. The overlying Dethlingen Formation was largely controlled by the increasing thermal subsidence of the basin, leading to broad extension towards the south and east. Internally, the strata can show the effects of climatic variability, depending on their position within the basin. The uppermost Hannover Formation was the product of ongoing basin subsidence, a reduction in sediment supply and an increasingly peneplaned topography. In summary, evolution of the Upper Rotliegend II within the NEGB reveals a variety of factors which have a significant influence on sedimentation, such as climate variations, the creation rate and amount of accommodation space, wind direction, sediment budget and source area lithology. An understanding of how these various factors interlink in controlling basin infill is of great significance in understanding the complex depositional history of arid continental successions.

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