Publication Date:
2014-03-29
Description:
Enhancers control the correct temporal and cell-type-specific activation of gene expression in multicellular eukaryotes. Knowing their properties, regulatory activity and targets is crucial to understand the regulation of differentiation and homeostasis. Here we use the FANTOM5 panel of samples, covering the majority of human tissues and cell types, to produce an atlas of active, in vivo-transcribed enhancers. We show that enhancers share properties with CpG-poor messenger RNA promoters but produce bidirectional, exosome-sensitive, relatively short unspliced RNAs, the generation of which is strongly related to enhancer activity. The atlas is used to compare regulatory programs between different cells at unprecedented depth, to identify disease-associated regulatory single nucleotide polymorphisms, and to classify cell-type-specific and ubiquitous enhancers. We further explore the utility of enhancer redundancy, which explains gene expression strength rather than expression patterns. The online FANTOM5 enhancer atlas represents a unique resource for studies on cell-type-specific enhancers and gene regulation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Andersson, Robin -- Gebhard, Claudia -- Miguel-Escalada, Irene -- Hoof, Ilka -- Bornholdt, Jette -- Boyd, Mette -- Chen, Yun -- Zhao, Xiaobei -- Schmidl, Christian -- Suzuki, Takahiro -- Ntini, Evgenia -- Arner, Erik -- Valen, Eivind -- Li, Kang -- Schwarzfischer, Lucia -- Glatz, Dagmar -- Raithel, Johanna -- Lilje, Berit -- Rapin, Nicolas -- Bagger, Frederik Otzen -- Jorgensen, Mette -- Andersen, Peter Refsing -- Bertin, Nicolas -- Rackham, Owen -- Burroughs, A Maxwell -- Baillie, J Kenneth -- Ishizu, Yuri -- Shimizu, Yuri -- Furuhata, Erina -- Maeda, Shiori -- Negishi, Yutaka -- Mungall, Christopher J -- Meehan, Terrence F -- Lassmann, Timo -- Itoh, Masayoshi -- Kawaji, Hideya -- Kondo, Naoto -- Kawai, Jun -- Lennartsson, Andreas -- Daub, Carsten O -- Heutink, Peter -- Hume, David A -- Jensen, Torben Heick -- Suzuki, Harukazu -- Hayashizaki, Yoshihide -- Muller, Ferenc -- FANTOM Consortium -- Forrest, Alistair R R -- Carninci, Piero -- Rehli, Michael -- Sandelin, Albin -- MC_PC_U127597124/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- MC_UP_1102/1/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- R01 DE022969/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2014 Mar 27;507(7493):455-61. doi: 10.1038/nature12787.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉1] The Bioinformatics Centre, Department of Biology & Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark [2]. ; 1] Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93042 Regensburg, Germany [2] Regensburg Centre for Interventional Immunology (RCI), D-93042 Regensburg, Germany [3]. ; School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK. ; The Bioinformatics Centre, Department of Biology & Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark. ; 1] The Bioinformatics Centre, Department of Biology & Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark [2] Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA. ; Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93042 Regensburg, Germany. ; 1] RIKEN OMICS Science Centre, RIKEN Yokohama Institute, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama City, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan [2] RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies (Division of Genomic Technologies), RIKEN Yokohama Institute, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama City, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan. ; Centre for mRNP Biogenesis and Metabolism, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, C.F. Mollers Alle 3, Building 1130, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark. ; 1] The Bioinformatics Centre, Department of Biology & Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark [2] Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA. ; 1] The Bioinformatics Centre, Department of Biology & Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark [2] The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet and Danish Stem Cell Centre (DanStem), University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, DK-2200, Denmark. ; Roslin Institute, Edinburgh University, Easter Bush, Midlothian, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, UK. ; Genomics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road MS 64-121, Berkeley, California 94720, USA. ; EMBL Outstation - Hinxton, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK. ; 1] RIKEN OMICS Science Centre, RIKEN Yokohama Institute, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama City, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan [2] RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies (Division of Genomic Technologies), RIKEN Yokohama Institute, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama City, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan [3] RIKEN Preventive Medicine and Diagnosis Innovation Program, RIKEN Yokohama Institute, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama City, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan. ; 1] RIKEN OMICS Science Centre, RIKEN Yokohama Institute, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama City, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan [2] RIKEN Preventive Medicine and Diagnosis Innovation Program, RIKEN Yokohama Institute, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama City, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan. ; Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Halsovagen 7, SE-4183 Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden. ; 1] RIKEN OMICS Science Centre, RIKEN Yokohama Institute, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama City, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan [2] RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies (Division of Genomic Technologies), RIKEN Yokohama Institute, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama City, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan [3] Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Halsovagen 7, SE-4183 Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden. ; Department of Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Center, van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, Netherlands. ; 1] Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93042 Regensburg, Germany [2] Regensburg Centre for Interventional Immunology (RCI), D-93042 Regensburg, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24670763" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
Keywords:
*Atlases as Topic
;
Cell Line
;
Cells, Cultured
;
Cluster Analysis
;
Enhancer Elements, Genetic/*genetics
;
Gene Expression Regulation/*genetics
;
Genetic Predisposition to Disease/genetics
;
HeLa Cells
;
Humans
;
*Molecular Sequence Annotation
;
*Organ Specificity
;
Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics
;
Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics
;
RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis/genetics
;
Transcription Initiation Site
;
Transcription Initiation, Genetic
Print ISSN:
0028-0836
Electronic ISSN:
1476-4687
Topics:
Biology
,
Chemistry and Pharmacology
,
Medicine
,
Natural Sciences in General
,
Physics
Permalink
