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  • Man/System Technology and Life Support  (3)
  • Cydia pomonella  (2)
  • Genotype  (2)
  • Middle Aged  (2)
  • diapause induction  (2)
  • 1
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    Large recurrent microdeletions associated with schizophrenia (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-08-01
    Description: Reduced fecundity, associated with severe mental disorders, places negative selection pressure on risk alleles and may explain, in part, why common variants have not been found that confer risk of disorders such as autism, schizophrenia and mental retardation. Thus, rare variants may account for a larger fraction of the overall genetic risk than previously assumed. In contrast to rare single nucleotide mutations, rare copy number variations (CNVs) can be detected using genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism arrays. This has led to the identification of CNVs associated with mental retardation and autism. In a genome-wide search for CNVs associating with schizophrenia, we used a population-based sample to identify de novo CNVs by analysing 9,878 transmissions from parents to offspring. The 66 de novo CNVs identified were tested for association in a sample of 1,433 schizophrenia cases and 33,250 controls. Three deletions at 1q21.1, 15q11.2 and 15q13.3 showing nominal association with schizophrenia in the first sample (phase I) were followed up in a second sample of 3,285 cases and 7,951 controls (phase II). All three deletions significantly associate with schizophrenia and related psychoses in the combined sample. The identification of these rare, recurrent risk variants, having occurred independently in multiple founders and being subject to negative selection, is important in itself. CNV analysis may also point the way to the identification of additional and more prevalent risk variants in genes and pathways involved in schizophrenia.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2687075/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2687075/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stefansson, Hreinn -- Rujescu, Dan -- Cichon, Sven -- Pietilainen, Olli P H -- Ingason, Andres -- Steinberg, Stacy -- Fossdal, Ragnheidur -- Sigurdsson, Engilbert -- Sigmundsson, Thordur -- Buizer-Voskamp, Jacobine E -- Hansen, Thomas -- Jakobsen, Klaus D -- Muglia, Pierandrea -- Francks, Clyde -- Matthews, Paul M -- Gylfason, Arnaldur -- Halldorsson, Bjarni V -- Gudbjartsson, Daniel -- Thorgeirsson, Thorgeir E -- Sigurdsson, Asgeir -- Jonasdottir, Adalbjorg -- Jonasdottir, Aslaug -- Bjornsson, Asgeir -- Mattiasdottir, Sigurborg -- Blondal, Thorarinn -- Haraldsson, Magnus -- Magnusdottir, Brynja B -- Giegling, Ina -- Moller, Hans-Jurgen -- Hartmann, Annette -- Shianna, Kevin V -- Ge, Dongliang -- Need, Anna C -- Crombie, Caroline -- Fraser, Gillian -- Walker, Nicholas -- Lonnqvist, Jouko -- Suvisaari, Jaana -- Tuulio-Henriksson, Annamarie -- Paunio, Tiina -- Toulopoulou, Timi -- Bramon, Elvira -- Di Forti, Marta -- Murray, Robin -- Ruggeri, Mirella -- Vassos, Evangelos -- Tosato, Sarah -- Walshe, Muriel -- Li, Tao -- Vasilescu, Catalina -- Muhleisen, Thomas W -- Wang, August G -- Ullum, Henrik -- Djurovic, Srdjan -- Melle, Ingrid -- Olesen, Jes -- Kiemeney, Lambertus A -- Franke, Barbara -- GROUP -- Sabatti, Chiara -- Freimer, Nelson B -- Gulcher, Jeffrey R -- Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur -- Kong, Augustine -- Andreassen, Ole A -- Ophoff, Roel A -- Georgi, Alexander -- Rietschel, Marcella -- Werge, Thomas -- Petursson, Hannes -- Goldstein, David B -- Nothen, Markus M -- Peltonen, Leena -- Collier, David A -- St Clair, David -- Stefansson, Kari -- 089061/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- G0901310/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- PDA/02/06/016/Department of Health/United Kingdom -- R01 MH078075/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01MH71425-01A1/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2008 Sep 11;455(7210):232-6. doi: 10.1038/nature07229.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉CNS Division, deCODE genetics, Sturlugata 8, IS-101 Reykjavik, Iceland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18668039" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: China ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1/genetics ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 15/genetics ; Europe ; Gene Dosage/genetics ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease/*genetics ; Genome, Human/genetics ; Genotype ; Humans ; Loss of Heterozygosity ; Models, Genetic ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics ; Psychotic Disorders/genetics ; Schizophrenia/*genetics ; Sequence Deletion/*genetics
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 2
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    Common variants conferring risk of schizophrenia (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-07-03
    Description: Schizophrenia is a complex disorder, caused by both genetic and environmental factors and their interactions. Research on pathogenesis has traditionally focused on neurotransmitter systems in the brain, particularly those involving dopamine. Schizophrenia has been considered a separate disease for over a century, but in the absence of clear biological markers, diagnosis has historically been based on signs and symptoms. A fundamental message emerging from genome-wide association studies of copy number variations (CNVs) associated with the disease is that its genetic basis does not necessarily conform to classical nosological disease boundaries. Certain CNVs confer not only high relative risk of schizophrenia but also of other psychiatric disorders. The structural variations associated with schizophrenia can involve several genes and the phenotypic syndromes, or the 'genomic disorders', have not yet been characterized. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based genome-wide association studies with the potential to implicate individual genes in complex diseases may reveal underlying biological pathways. Here we combined SNP data from several large genome-wide scans and followed up the most significant association signals. We found significant association with several markers spanning the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) region on chromosome 6p21.3-22.1, a marker located upstream of the neurogranin gene (NRGN) on 11q24.2 and a marker in intron four of transcription factor 4 (TCF4) on 18q21.2. Our findings implicating the MHC region are consistent with an immune component to schizophrenia risk, whereas the association with NRGN and TCF4 points to perturbation of pathways involved in brain development, memory and cognition.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3077530/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3077530/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stefansson, Hreinn -- Ophoff, Roel A -- Steinberg, Stacy -- Andreassen, Ole A -- Cichon, Sven -- Rujescu, Dan -- Werge, Thomas -- Pietilainen, Olli P H -- Mors, Ole -- Mortensen, Preben B -- Sigurdsson, Engilbert -- Gustafsson, Omar -- Nyegaard, Mette -- Tuulio-Henriksson, Annamari -- Ingason, Andres -- Hansen, Thomas -- Suvisaari, Jaana -- Lonnqvist, Jouko -- Paunio, Tiina -- Borglum, Anders D -- Hartmann, Annette -- Fink-Jensen, Anders -- Nordentoft, Merete -- Hougaard, David -- Norgaard-Pedersen, Bent -- Bottcher, Yvonne -- Olesen, Jes -- Breuer, Rene -- Moller, Hans-Jurgen -- Giegling, Ina -- Rasmussen, Henrik B -- Timm, Sally -- Mattheisen, Manuel -- Bitter, Istvan -- Rethelyi, Janos M -- Magnusdottir, Brynja B -- Sigmundsson, Thordur -- Olason, Pall -- Masson, Gisli -- Gulcher, Jeffrey R -- Haraldsson, Magnus -- Fossdal, Ragnheidur -- Thorgeirsson, Thorgeir E -- Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur -- Ruggeri, Mirella -- Tosato, Sarah -- Franke, Barbara -- Strengman, Eric -- Kiemeney, Lambertus A -- Genetic Risk and Outcome in Psychosis (GROUP) -- Melle, Ingrid -- Djurovic, Srdjan -- Abramova, Lilia -- Kaleda, Vasily -- Sanjuan, Julio -- de Frutos, Rosa -- Bramon, Elvira -- Vassos, Evangelos -- Fraser, Gillian -- Ettinger, Ulrich -- Picchioni, Marco -- Walker, Nicholas -- Toulopoulou, Timi -- Need, Anna C -- Ge, Dongliang -- Yoon, Joeng Lim -- Shianna, Kevin V -- Freimer, Nelson B -- Cantor, Rita M -- Murray, Robin -- Kong, Augustine -- Golimbet, Vera -- Carracedo, Angel -- Arango, Celso -- Costas, Javier -- Jonsson, Erik G -- Terenius, Lars -- Agartz, Ingrid -- Petursson, Hannes -- Nothen, Markus M -- Rietschel, Marcella -- Matthews, Paul M -- Muglia, Pierandrea -- Peltonen, Leena -- St Clair, David -- Goldstein, David B -- Stefansson, Kari -- Collier, David A -- 089061/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 1R01HL087679-01/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- PDA/02/06/016/Department of Health/United Kingdom -- R01 MH078075/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2009 Aug 6;460(7256):744-7. doi: 10.1038/nature08186. Epub 2009 Jul 1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉deCODE genetics, Sturlugata 8, IS-101 Reykjavik, Iceland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19571808" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11/genetics ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 18/genetics ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 6/genetics ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics ; Genetic Markers/genetics ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease/*genetics ; Genome, Human/genetics ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Genotype ; Humans ; Major Histocompatibility Complex/genetics ; Neurogranin/genetics ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/*genetics ; Schizophrenia/*genetics/immunology ; Transcription Factors/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Rate of de novo mutations and the importance of father's age to disease risk (2012)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-08-24
    Description: Mutations generate sequence diversity and provide a substrate for selection. The rate of de novo mutations is therefore of major importance to evolution. Here we conduct a study of genome-wide mutation rates by sequencing the entire genomes of 78 Icelandic parent-offspring trios at high coverage. We show that in our samples, with an average father's age of 29.7, the average de novo mutation rate is 1.20 x 10(-8) per nucleotide per generation. Most notably, the diversity in mutation rate of single nucleotide polymorphisms is dominated by the age of the father at conception of the child. The effect is an increase of about two mutations per year. An exponential model estimates paternal mutations doubling every 16.5 years. After accounting for random Poisson variation, father's age is estimated to explain nearly all of the remaining variation in the de novo mutation counts. These observations shed light on the importance of the father's age on the risk of diseases such as schizophrenia and autism.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3548427/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3548427/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kong, Augustine -- Frigge, Michael L -- Masson, Gisli -- Besenbacher, Soren -- Sulem, Patrick -- Magnusson, Gisli -- Gudjonsson, Sigurjon A -- Sigurdsson, Asgeir -- Jonasdottir, Aslaug -- Jonasdottir, Adalbjorg -- Wong, Wendy S W -- Sigurdsson, Gunnar -- Walters, G Bragi -- Steinberg, Stacy -- Helgason, Hannes -- Thorleifsson, Gudmar -- Gudbjartsson, Daniel F -- Helgason, Agnar -- Magnusson, Olafur Th -- Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur -- Stefansson, Kari -- MH071425/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH071425/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2012 Aug 23;488(7412):471-5. doi: 10.1038/nature11396.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉deCODE Genetics, Sturlugata 8, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland. kong@decode.is〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22914163" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Autistic Disorder/epidemiology/etiology/*genetics ; Chromosomes, Human/genetics ; Female ; *Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genome, Human/genetics ; Humans ; Iceland/epidemiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mothers ; *Mutation Rate ; Ovum/metabolism ; *Paternal Age ; Pedigree ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics ; Risk Factors ; Schizophrenia/epidemiology/etiology/*genetics ; Selection, Genetic/genetics ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Spermatozoa/metabolism ; Young Adult
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    CNVs conferring risk of autism or schizophrenia affect cognition in controls (2013)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-12-20
    Description: In a small fraction of patients with schizophrenia or autism, alleles of copy-number variants (CNVs) in their genomes are probably the strongest factors contributing to the pathogenesis of the disease. These CNVs may provide an entry point for investigations into the mechanisms of brain function and dysfunction alike. They are not fully penetrant and offer an opportunity to study their effects separate from that of manifest disease. Here we show in an Icelandic sample that a few of the CNVs clearly alter fecundity (measured as the number of children by age 45). Furthermore, we use various tests of cognitive function to demonstrate that control subjects carrying the CNVs perform at a level that is between that of schizophrenia patients and population controls. The CNVs do not all affect the same cognitive domains, hence the cognitive deficits that drive or accompany the pathogenesis vary from one CNV to another. Controls carrying the chromosome 15q11.2 deletion between breakpoints 1 and 2 (15q11.2(BP1-BP2) deletion) have a history of dyslexia and dyscalculia, even after adjusting for IQ in the analysis, and the CNV only confers modest effects on other cognitive traits. The 15q11.2(BP1-BP2) deletion affects brain structure in a pattern consistent with both that observed during first-episode psychosis in schizophrenia and that of structural correlates in dyslexia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stefansson, Hreinn -- Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas -- Steinberg, Stacy -- Magnusdottir, Brynja -- Morgen, Katrin -- Arnarsdottir, Sunna -- Bjornsdottir, Gyda -- Walters, G Bragi -- Jonsdottir, Gudrun A -- Doyle, Orla M -- Tost, Heike -- Grimm, Oliver -- Kristjansdottir, Solveig -- Snorrason, Heimir -- Davidsdottir, Solveig R -- Gudmundsson, Larus J -- Jonsson, Gudbjorn F -- Stefansdottir, Berglind -- Helgadottir, Isafold -- Haraldsson, Magnus -- Jonsdottir, Birna -- Thygesen, Johan H -- Schwarz, Adam J -- Didriksen, Michael -- Stensbol, Tine B -- Brammer, Michael -- Kapur, Shitij -- Halldorsson, Jonas G -- Hreidarsson, Stefan -- Saemundsen, Evald -- Sigurdsson, Engilbert -- Stefansson, Kari -- G0701748/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- England -- Nature. 2014 Jan 16;505(7483):361-6. doi: 10.1038/nature12818. Epub 2013 Dec 18.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉1] deCODE genetics/Amgen, Sturlugata 8, IS-101 Reykjavik, Iceland [2]. ; 1] Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg Medical Faculty Mannheim, 68159 Mannheim, Germany [2]. ; deCODE genetics/Amgen, Sturlugata 8, IS-101 Reykjavik, Iceland. ; Landspitali, Department of Psychiatry, National University Hospital, IS-101 Reykjavik, Iceland. ; Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg Medical Faculty Mannheim, 68159 Mannheim, Germany. ; 1] deCODE genetics/Amgen, Sturlugata 8, IS-101 Reykjavik, Iceland [2] Landspitali, Department of Psychiatry, National University Hospital, IS-101 Reykjavik, Iceland. ; Institute of Psychiatry, King's College, 16 De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK. ; 1] Landspitali, Department of Psychiatry, National University Hospital, IS-101 Reykjavik, Iceland [2] University of Iceland, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, IS-101 Reykjavik, Iceland. ; Rontgen Domus, Egilsgotu 3, IS-101 Reykjavik, Iceland. ; Mental Health Centre Sct. Hans, Copenhagen University Hospital, Research Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Boserupvej 2, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. ; Tailored Therapeutics, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center DC 1940, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, USA. ; H. Lundbeck A/S, Ottiliavej 9, DK-2500 Valby, Denmark. ; University of Iceland, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, IS-101 Reykjavik, Iceland. ; The State Diagnostic and Counselling Centre, Digranesvegur 5, IS-200 Kopavogur, Iceland. ; 1] University of Iceland, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, IS-101 Reykjavik, Iceland [2] The State Diagnostic and Counselling Centre, Digranesvegur 5, IS-200 Kopavogur, Iceland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24352232" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Autistic Disorder/*genetics ; Brain/abnormalities/anatomy & histology/metabolism ; Case-Control Studies ; Chromosome Deletion ; Chromosomes, Human/genetics ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 15/genetics ; Cognition/*physiology ; DNA Copy Number Variations/*genetics ; Dyslexia/genetics ; Female ; Fertility/genetics ; *Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Heterozygote ; Humans ; Iceland ; Learning Disorders/genetics ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Phenotype ; Schizophrenia/*genetics ; Young Adult
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diapause induction in the codling moth, Cydia pomonella: effect of prediapause temperatures (1992)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 62 (1992), S. 131-137 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Cydia pomonella ; codling moth ; diapause induction ; critical photoperiod ; prediapause temperature
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The effect of four prediapause temperatures (18, 22, 26 and 30°C) on the photoperiodic response of the codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), was studied under controlled conditions. The highest rates of diapause were recorded, for all day-lengths, at temperatures of 22 and 26°C while relatively lower rates of diapause were elicited at 18 and 30°C. The same trend was demonstrated by projecting the values of the critical photoperiod which induces 50% diapause (=CPhP50) over the prediapause temperature. The change in diapause incidence as a function of photoperiod, at all prediapause temperatures, exhibited a response characteristic of long-day insects, i.e. high rates of diapause at short days (12–13.5 h) and a decrease in diapause incidence at long days (14–15 h). The results for temperatures 22, 26 and 30°C support the view that lower prediapause temperatures enhance diapause induction, at a give photoperiod, while higher temperatures tend to avert or diminish the process. On the other hand, the low rates of diapause obtained at 18°C contradict this view. Nevertheless, high correlation was found between the laboratory evidence and field data, indicating the adaptability of the Israeli codling moth to subtropical climate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00345484
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diapause induction in the codling moth, Cydia pomonella: effect of larval diet (1992)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 62 (1992), S. 269-275 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Cydia pomonella ; codling moth ; diapause induction ; photoperiod ; larval diet
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The effect of larval diet on diapause induction in the Israeli strain of the codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), was studied in a field trial using intact apple fruits of two varieties: ‘Ana’ (early-ripening, in the end of June) and ‘Granny Smith’ (late-ripening, in October). Diapause incidence increased as fruit age (determined as days from fruit-set) progressed. These results corroborate former studies on other strains of the codling moth, where excised fruits were used. The combination of 80-day-old, fully ripe, ‘Ana’ fruit treatment with the longest days of the year, yielded 38% diapause. This result demonstrates that mature fruit (inducing diapause) cannot completely override the effect of long day (averting diapause), but does confirm that larval diet modifies the photoperiodic induction of diapause in the codling moth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00353446
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  • 7
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    Wheat response to differences in water and nutritional status between zeoponic and hydroponic growth systems (2000)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Hydroponic culture has traditionally been used for controlled environment life support systems (CELSS) because the optimal environment for roots supports high growth rates. Recent developments in zeoponic substrate and microporous tube irrigation (ZPT) also offer high control of the root environment. This study compared the effect of differences in water and nutrient status of ZPT or hydroponic culture on growth and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. USU-Apogee). In a side-by-side test in a controlled environment, wheat was grown in ZPT and recirculating hydroponics to maturity. Water use by plants grown in both culture systems peaked at 15 to 20 L m-2 d-1 up to Day 40, after which it declined more rapidly for plants grown in ZPT culture due to earlier senescence of leaves. No consistent differences in water status were noted between plants grown in the two culture systems. Although yield was similar, harvest index was 28% lower for plants grown in ZPT than in hydroponic culture. Sterile green tillers made up 12 and 0% of the biomass of plants grown in ZPT and hydroponic culture, respectively. Differences in biomass partitioning were attributed primarily to NH4-N nutrition of plants grown in ZPT compared with NO3-N in hydroponic nutrient solution. It is probable that NH4-N-induced Ca deficiency produced excess tillering and lower harvest index for plants grown in ZPT culture. These results suggest that further refinements in zeoponic substrate would make ZPT culture a viable alternative for achieving high productivity in a CELSS.
    Keywords: Man/System Technology and Life Support
    Type: Agronomy journal (ISSN 0002-1962); Volume 92; 2; 353-60
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  • 8
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    Plant Growth Experiments in Zeoponic Substrates: Applications for Advanced Life Support Systems (2001)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A zeoponic plant-growth system is defined as the cultivation of plants in artificial soils, which have zeolites as a major component (Allen and Ming, 1995). Zeolites are crystalline, hydrated aluminosilicate minerals that have the ability to exchange constituent cations without major change of the mineral structure. Recently, zeoponic systems developed at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) slowly release some (Allen et at., 1995) or all of the essential plant-growth nutrients (Ming et at., 1995). These systems have NH4- and K-exchanged clinoptilolite (a natural zeolite) and either natural or synthetic apatite (a calcium phosphate mineral). For the natural apatite system, Ca and P were made available to the plant by the dissolution of apatite. Potassium and NH4-N were made available by ion-exchange reactions involving Ca(2+) from apatite dissolution and K(+) and NH4(+) on zeolitic exchange sites. In addition to NH4-N, K, Ca, and P, the synthetic apatite system also supplied Mg, S, and other micronutrients during dissolution (Figure 1). The overall objective of this research task is to develop zeoponic substrates wherein all plant growth nutrients are supplied by the plant growth medium for several growth seasons with only the addition of water. The substrate is being developed for plant growth in Advanced Life Support (ALS) testbeds (i.e., BioPLEX) and microgravity plant growth experiments. Zeoponic substrates have been used for plant growth experiments on two Space Shuttle flight experiments (STS-60; STS-63; Morrow et aI., 1995). These substrates may be ideally suited for plant growth experiments on the International Space Station and applications in ALS testbeds. However, there are several issues that need to be resolved before zeoponics will be the choice substrate for plant growth experiments in space. The objective of this paper is to provide an overview on recent research directed toward the refinement of zeoponic plant growth substrates.
    Keywords: Man/System Technology and Life Support
    Type: JSC-CN-6351 , Bioastronautics Investigators'' Workshop; Jan 17, 2001 - Jan 19, 2001; Galveston, TX; United States
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  • 9
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    Simulation of gaseous diffusion in partially saturated porous media under variable gravity with lattice Boltzmann methods (2005)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Liquid distributions in unsaturated porous media under different gravitational accelerations and corresponding macroscopic gaseous diffusion coefficients were investigated to enhance understanding of plant growth conditions in microgravity. We used a single-component, multiphase lattice Boltzmann code to simulate liquid configurations in two-dimensional porous media at varying water contents for different gravity conditions and measured gas diffusion through the media using a multicomponent lattice Boltzmann code. The relative diffusion coefficients (D rel) for simulations with and without gravity as functions of air-filled porosity were in good agreement with measured data and established models. We found significant differences in liquid configuration in porous media, leading to reductions in D rel of up to 25% under zero gravity. The study highlights potential applications of the lattice Boltzmann method for rapid and cost-effective evaluation of alternative plant growth media designs under variable gravity.
    Keywords: Man/System Technology and Life Support
    Type: Water resources research (ISSN 0043-1397); 41; 8; W08410
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