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  • Noctuidae  (13)
  • Chemistry  (4)
  • Diptera  (4)
  • Gas chromatography  (3)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of a male-produced pheromone ofAnticarsia gemmatalis (Hübner) (Lepidoptera; Noctuidae) attractive to conspecific males (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 14 (1988), S. 1121-1130 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Anticarsia gemmatalis ; velvetbean caterpillar ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; attractant ; pheromone ; hairpencils ; (Z,Z,Z)-3,6,9-heneicosatriene ; male-produced pheromone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Observations in the laboratory and in the field indicated that maleAnticarsia gemmatalis (Hübner), the velvetbean caterpillar (VBC), are attracted to conspecific courting males. Male VBC subsequently were found to be attracted to extracts of male abdominal tips including the extrudable hairpencils. The active chemical in these extracts was identified as (Z,Z,Z)-3,6,9-heneicosatriene, which is also one of the major components of the female VBC sex pheromone. Male VBC in a wind tunnel and in the field exhibited a bimodal response distribution to a range of ratios of the (Z,Z,Z)-3,6,9-heneicosatriene and (Z,Z,Z)-3,6,9-eicosatriene, with one maximum at the pure heneicosatriene alone and the other at the 60∶40 female blend. This demonstrates that the male response to the male hairpencil component is distinct from that to the female sex pheromone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01019340
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis, synthesis, formulation, and field testing of three major components of male mediterranean fruit fly pheromone (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 17 (1991), S. 1925-1940 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Insecta ; Diptera ; Tephritidae ; Mediterranean fruit fly ; pheromone ; attractant ; Ceratitis capitata ; ethyl-(E)-3-octenoate ; geranyl acetate ; (E,E)-α-farnesene
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Three major components, ethyi-(E)-3-octenoate, geranyl acetate, and (E,E)-α-farnesene, emitted as volatiles by laboratory-reared and wild male medflies were collected and analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. Peak emission of these compounds occurred during the third to fifth hours of the photophase and differences were observed in the ratios of the three components emitted by male laboratory-reared and wild flies. These three compounds were synthesized, and a method was developed to formulate a synthetic blend that released the compounds in a ratio similar to that emitted by wild male medflies. Attractiveness of the blend to female medflies was demonstrated under field conditions by comparing trap catches. Black spherical traps, baited with the synthetic blend to release 1.6 male equivalents, caught significantly more females than blank traps and traps from which the blend released was 0.3, 3.2 or 6.4 male equivalents.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00993739
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Decreased Attraction of Anastrepha ludens to Combinations of Two Types of Synthetic Lures in a Citrus Orchard (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 23 (1997), S. 1253-1262 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Attractants ; Mexican fruit fly ; Diptera ; Tephritidae ; Anastrepha ludens ; host odors ; ammonia ; amines
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Combinations of the previously developed attractants CEHO from host fruit aroma and AMPu from volatile metabolites of amino acids were evaluated for attractiveness to gamma-irradiated Mexican fruit flies, Anastrepha ludens, in a citrus orchard. In one experiment, McPhail traps with polyvinyl chloride (PVC) lures loaded with CEHO (10:1:1:50 mixture of 1,8-cineole, ethyl hexanoate, hexanol, and ethyl octanoate) were more attractive than blank traps. McPhail traps with AMPu (10:10:1 mixture of ammonium bicarbonate, methylamine HCl, and putrescine) were more attractive than blank and CEHO traps. Traps containing both AMPu and CEHO lures were less attractive than traps containing AMPu alone. In another experiment, sticky yellow panels and spheres were used to compare attractiveness of the same two attractants in different formulations. Sticky traps baited with membrane formulations of CEHO (10:1:1:10 mixture of the chemicals listed above) were not significantly attractive. Sticky traps with polypropylene tubes containing an agar formulation of AMPu (6:10:1 mixture of ammonium carbonate, methylamine HCl, and putrescine) were more attractive than blank and CEHO baited traps. As in the first experiment, traps with both AMPu and CEHO lures were less attractive than traps with AMPu alone. Results indicate that attractive host-odor volatiles and attractive amino-acid metabolites interact negatively with regard to attractiveness to the Mexican fruit fly.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:JOEC.0000006462.55501.5b
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of a sex pheromone produced by female velvetbean caterpillar moth (1983)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 9 (1983), S. 645-656 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Sex pheromone ; 3,6,9-heneicosatriene ; 3,6,9-eicosatriene ; velvetbean caterpillar ; Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; attractant ; hydrocarbons
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A sex pheromone produced by female velvetbean caterpillar moths,Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner, that attracts conspecific males was isolated and identified as a blend of (Z,Z,Z)-3,6,9-eicosatriene and (Z,Z,Z)-3,6,9-heneicosatriene in a ratio of ca. 5∶3, respectively, when combined. The synthesized compounds elicited responses by velvetbean caterpillar moth males equivalent to those elicited by females in both laboratory wind tunnel bioassays and field trapping experiments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00990414
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemical and behavioral analyses of volatile sex pheromone components released by callingHeliothis virescens (F.) females (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 12 (1986), S. 107-126 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Volatile sex pheromone blend ; behavior ; chemistry ; Heliothis virescens ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Gas chromatographic and mass spectral analyses were conducted on pheromone gland extracts, volatiles collected from excised pheromone glands, and volatiles collected from calling females. In addition to tetradecanal, (Z)-9-tetradecenal, hexadecanal, (Z)-7-hexadecenal, (Z)-9-hexadecenal, and (Z)-11-hexadecenal, four other compounds, tetradecanol, (Z)-9-tetradecenol, hexadecanol, and (Z)-11-hexadecenol, were also identified from gland extracts. Only the six aldehyde components were found in gland and female volatile collections. The mean percentage of components identified from volatiles collected from calling females was 13.0% tetradecanal, 18.1% (Z)-9-tetradecenal, 7.3% hexadecanal, 0.6% (Z)-7-hexadecenal, 1.0% (Z)-9-hexadecenal, and 60.0% (Z)-11-hexadecenal. Bioassays using rubber septa formulated to release the female volatile blend indicated that all six aldehyde components play major roles in close-range male reproductive behavior. Deletion of (Z)-9-hexadecenal from the six-component blend reduced the number of copulation attempts while (Z)-7-hexadecenal exerted subtle effects on all close range behaviors. Tetradecanal affected the number of times males reorient from close range. Deletion of hexadecanal from the six-component blend resulted in a significant reduction in the number of times males landed. Comparison of the six-component synthetic blend (released at somewhat less than 1 female equivalent per hour) with calling females indicated that the six-component blend was indistinguishable from the females in inducing all of the behaviors monitored.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01045595
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Flight response ofHeliothis subflexa (Gn.) females (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to an attractant from groundcherry,Physalis angulata L. (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 15 (1989), S. 221-231 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Heliothis subflexa ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; attractant ; kairomone ; groundcherry ; Physalis angulatus ; flight tunnel bioassay ; plant-insect interaction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Mated femaleHeliothis subflexa (Gn.) (HS) moths 1–7 days old responded positively in a Plexiglas flight tunnel to an attractant extracted with methanol from fresh whole-leaf washes of groundcherry,Physalis angulata L. Response to the groundcherry extract, as indicated by plume-tracking (i.e., upwind flight toward the odor source) and contact with the chemical dispenser did not change significantly during the first 5 hr of scotophase. Overall, ca. 50% of the responding moths also landed on the chemical dispenser; ca. 50% of the moths that landed also deposited eggs. There were no significant differences in the behavioral responses of females mating only once and those that had mated two or more times. Virgin females and male moths were significantly less responsive to the groundcherry attractant than mated females. The flight tunnel bioassay described provides an excellent system for evaluating plant allelochemics associated with host-plant selection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02027784
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ovipositional response of threeHeliothis species (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to allelochemicals from cultivated and wild host plants (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 16 (1990), S. 1817-1827 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Cotton ; groundcherry ; tobacco ; Gossypium ; Desmodium ; Physalis ; plant-insect interaction ; host-plant resistance ; Heliothis spp. ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; oviposition stimulant ; oviposition deterrent
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The role of plant allelochemicals on the oviposition behavior ofHeliothis virescens (F.),H. subflexa (Guenee), andH. zea (Boddie) was investigated in the laboratory using a “choice” bioassay system. Fresh young leaves of tobacco,Desmodium tortuosum (Swartz) de Candolle, groundcherry (Physalis angulata L.), and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) squares (flower buds) were washed in methylene chloride or methanol, concentrated to 1 g equivalent of washed material, and applied to a cloth oviposition substrate. Each of the extracts—including groundcherry, a nonhost—stimulated oviposition byH. virescens. H. subflexa were stimulated to oviposit by groundcherry extract, its normal host, and extract from cotton squares, a nonhost. None of the extracts stimulated oviposition byH. zea, although all except groundcherry were from reported hosts. The sensitivity of the bioassay was confirmed by givingH. virescens andH. subflexa an opportunity to choose between extracts that showed stimulant qualities when tested independently versus only solvent-treated controls. In these tests, tobacco showed the highest level of stimulant activity forH. virescens; groundcherry exhibited the highest level of stimulation forH. subflexa.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01020496
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mating and oviposition byCotesia (=Apanteles) marginiventris (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in presence of synthetic pheromone ofSpodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 15 (1989), S. 2045-2050 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Mating behavior ; Parasitoids ; Cotesia (=Apanteles)marginiventris ; Hymenoptera ; Braconidae ; Spodoptera frugiperda ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Two blends of fall armyworm,Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), pheromonal components were evaluated in the laboratory for possible close-range effects on mating and oviposition byCotesia marginiventris (Cresson). Neither a two- nor a five-component blend had any significant effect on mating or parasitization ofS. frugiperda larvae by this parasitoid. Dosages of 200, 400, and 800 μg were tested.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01207436
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of male cabbage looper sex pheromone attractive to females (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 18 (1992), S. 441-453 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Male-produced pheromone ; cabbage looper ; Trichoplusia ni ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; female attractant ; linalool ; p-cresol ; m-cresol ; enantiomers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A multicomponent pheromone produced by male cabbage looper moths that is attractive to female moths in a flight tunnel bioassay was isolated and identified. Based on analyses of hairpencil extracts of male cabbage loopers and volatiles emitted by males, the pheromone has been identified as a blend consisting of (S)-(+)-linalool,p-cresol, andm-cresol. The chirality of the major component, (S)-(+)-linalool, is important for behavioral response of females. These pheromonal compounds were also identified as volatiles released by males when males were exposed to the principal pheromone component of female cabbage loopers, (Z)-7-dodecen-1-ol acetate. The amount of male pheromone released was increased significantly when males were exposed to a combination of (Z)-7-dodecen-1-ol acetate and the odor from cabbage. Neither linalool nor the cresols were detected in volatiles from cabbage or from males exposed to cabbage odor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00994243
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The optimization of capacity and efficiency when coupling fused silica open tubular columns in gas chromatography (1993)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 37 (1993), S. 65-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Fused silica open tubular columns ; Serial coupled columns ; Phase ratio optimization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary There are a number of parameters which have to be chosen depending on the analysis being done in gas chromatography. While the choice of stationary phase material is based on the solutes to be separated, the thickness is dependent on the concentration and the volatility of the components to be analyzed. This study undertakes a coupled column phase ratio optimization by connecting a short piece of a particular column prior to a normal length of an analytical column. Various columns of different dimensions (phase ratio), but of the same stationary phase material (methyl silicone), are coupled together by a deactivated glass press-fit connector, and the efficiency and capacity are measured. The coupling of fused silica open tubular columns is optimized in efficiency by matching or decreasing the phase ratio of successive columns. Capacity optimization is accomplished by increasing the phase ratio of consecutive columns. Capacity and efficiency optimization are opposing each other; therefore, if some efficiency can be sacrificed a substantial increase in capacity is possible.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02272191
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