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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (338)
  • Physics  (96)
  • Humans  (29)
  • Biochemistry and Biotechnology  (17)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vitro biocompatibility, mechanical properties, and corrosion resistance of Ti—Zr—Nb—Ta—Pd and Ti—Sn—Nb—Ta—Pd alloys (1995)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 29 (1995), S. 893-899 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: There is much discussion about the toxic effect of vanadium and aluminum contained in Ti—6Al—4V alloy for prosthetic implants. The goal of the present investigation was to develop new titanium alloys with sufficient mechanical properties using more biocompatible alloying elements: zirconium, tin, niobium, tantalum, and palladium. The relative growth rates of L929 and MC3T3-E1 cells were significantly higher when cultured with the extraction of Ti—10Zr—8Nb—2Ta—0.2Pd or Ti—15Zr—4Nb—2Ta—0.2Pd alloys than when cultured with the extraction of Ti—6Al—4V ELI alloy. The tensile strength, elongation, and reduction of area for Ti—15Sn—4Nb—2Ta—0.2Pd alloy were 989 MPa, 14.4%, and 49.3%, respectively, surpassing Ti—6Al—4V ELI alloy (ASTM F138—84); those for Ti—15Zr—4Nb—2Ta—0.2Pd alloy were 725 MPa, 23.6% and 54.9%, respectively. More than 15% addition of tin as well as zirconium deteriorated the tensile properties. Titanium release into a 5% hydrochloric acid solution from the new titanium alloys was 20-50 μg/cm2 per day, though that from Ti—6Al—4V ELI alloy was 1300 μg/cm2 per day. The optimum alloy compositions are Ti—15Zr—4Nb—2Ta—0.2Pd and Ti—15Sn—4Nb—2Ta—0.2Pd, judging from cytocompatibility, corrosion resistance, and mechanical properties. The former is characterized by its high level cytocompatibility and corrosion resistance, while the latter is characterized by mechanical properties. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820290715
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  • 2
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    Generation of transgenic non-human primates with germline transmission (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-05-30
    Description: The common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) is increasingly attractive for use as a non-human primate animal model in biomedical research. It has a relatively high reproduction rate for a primate, making it potentially suitable for transgenic modification. Although several attempts have been made to produce non-human transgenic primates, transgene expression in the somatic tissues of live infants has not been demonstrated by objective analyses such as polymerase chain reaction with reverse transcription or western blots. Here we show that the injection of a self-inactivating lentiviral vector in sucrose solution into marmoset embryos results in transgenic common marmosets that expressed the transgene in several organs. Notably, we achieved germline transmission of the transgene, and the transgenic offspring developed normally. The successful creation of transgenic marmosets provides a new animal model for human disease that has the great advantage of a close genetic relationship with humans. This model will be valuable to many fields of biomedical research.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sasaki, Erika -- Suemizu, Hiroshi -- Shimada, Akiko -- Hanazawa, Kisaburo -- Oiwa, Ryo -- Kamioka, Michiko -- Tomioka, Ikuo -- Sotomaru, Yusuke -- Hirakawa, Reiko -- Eto, Tomoo -- Shiozawa, Seiji -- Maeda, Takuji -- Ito, Mamoru -- Ito, Ryoji -- Kito, Chika -- Yagihashi, Chie -- Kawai, Kenji -- Miyoshi, Hiroyuki -- Tanioka, Yoshikuni -- Tamaoki, Norikazu -- Habu, Sonoko -- Okano, Hideyuki -- Nomura, Tatsuji -- England -- Nature. 2009 May 28;459(7246):523-7. doi: 10.1038/nature08090.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Central Institute for Experimental Animals, 1430 Nogawa, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 216-0001, Japan. esasaki@ciea.or.jp〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19478777" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Genetically Modified/*genetics ; Animals, Newborn ; Callithrix/embryology/*genetics ; *Disease Models, Animal ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Germ Cells/*metabolism ; Green Fluorescent Proteins/genetics ; Heredity/*genetics ; Humans ; Transcription, Genetic ; Transgenes/*genetics
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 3
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    alpha-Klotho as a regulator of calcium homeostasis (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-06-16
    Description: alpha-klotho was identified as a gene associated with premature aging-like phenotypes characterized by short lifespan. In mice, we found the molecular association of alpha-Klotho (alpha-Kl) and Na+,K+-adenosine triphosphatase (Na+,K+-ATPase) and provide evidence for an increase of abundance of Na+,K+-ATPase at the plasma membrane. Low concentrations of extracellular free calcium ([Ca2+]e) rapidly induce regulated parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion in an alpha-Kl- and Na+,K+-ATPase-dependent manner. The increased Na+ gradient created by Na+,K+-ATPase activity might drive the transepithelial transport of Ca2+ in cooperation with ion channels and transporters in the choroid plexus and the kidney. Our findings reveal fundamental roles of alpha-Kl in the regulation of calcium metabolism.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Imura, Akihiro -- Tsuji, Yoshihito -- Murata, Miyahiko -- Maeda, Ryota -- Kubota, Koji -- Iwano, Akiko -- Obuse, Chikashi -- Togashi, Kazuya -- Tominaga, Makoto -- Kita, Naoko -- Tomiyama, Ken-ichi -- Iijima, Junko -- Nabeshima, Yoko -- Fujioka, Makio -- Asato, Ryo -- Tanaka, Shinzo -- Kojima, Ken -- Ito, Juichi -- Nozaki, Kazuhiko -- Hashimoto, Nobuo -- Ito, Tetsufumi -- Nishio, Takeshi -- Uchiyama, Takashi -- Fujimori, Toshihiko -- Nabeshima, Yo-ichi -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jun 15;316(5831):1615-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17569864" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Calcium/cerebrospinal fluid/*metabolism ; Cell Membrane/enzymology/metabolism ; Choroid Plexus/metabolism ; Cytoplasm/enzymology/metabolism ; Endoplasmic Reticulum/metabolism ; Endosomes/metabolism ; Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Feedback, Physiological ; Glucuronidase/genetics/metabolism/*physiology ; Golgi Apparatus/metabolism ; HeLa Cells ; *Homeostasis ; Humans ; Ion Transport ; Kidney/enzymology/metabolism ; Mice ; Ouabain/pharmacology ; Parathyroid Glands/enzymology/metabolism ; Parathyroid Hormone/secretion ; Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Detection of T cell responses to a ubiquitous cellular protein in autoimmune disease (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-10-18
    Description: T cells that mediate autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are difficult to characterize because they are likely to be deleted or inactivated in the thymus if the self antigens they recognize are ubiquitously expressed. One way to obtain and analyze these autoimmune T cells is to alter T cell receptor (TCR) signaling in developing T cells to change their sensitivity to thymic negative selection, thereby allowing their thymic production. From mice thus engineered to generate T cells mediating autoimmune arthritis, we isolated arthritogenic TCRs and characterized the self antigens they recognized. One of them was the ubiquitously expressed 60S ribosomal protein L23a (RPL23A), with which T cells and autoantibodies from RA patients reacted. This strategy may improve our understanding of the underlying drivers of autoimmunity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ito, Yoshinaga -- Hashimoto, Motomu -- Hirota, Keiji -- Ohkura, Naganari -- Morikawa, Hiromasa -- Nishikawa, Hiroyoshi -- Tanaka, Atsushi -- Furu, Moritoshi -- Ito, Hiromu -- Fujii, Takao -- Nomura, Takashi -- Yamazaki, Sayuri -- Morita, Akimichi -- Vignali, Dario A A -- Kappler, John W -- Matsuda, Shuichi -- Mimori, Tsuneyo -- Sakaguchi, Noriko -- Sakaguchi, Shimon -- R01 DK089125/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Oct 17;346(6207):363-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1259077.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan. ; Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan. Department of Experimental Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan. Department of the Control for Rheumatic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan. Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan. ; Department of Experimental Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan. ; Department of Experimental Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan. Department of Frontier Research in Tumor Immunology, Center of Medical Innovation and Translational Research, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan. ; Department of the Control for Rheumatic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan. ; Department of the Control for Rheumatic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan. Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan. ; Department of Geriatric and Environmental Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan. ; Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA. Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA. ; Integrated Department of Immunology, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA. ; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan. ; Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan. ; Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan. Department of Experimental Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan. Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan. shimon@ifrec.osaka-u.ac.jp.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25324392" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid/genetics/*immunology ; Autoantigens/*immunology ; Autoimmunity/*immunology ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes, T-Cell Receptor beta ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Mutant Strains ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/*immunology ; Ribosomal Proteins/genetics/*immunology ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ordering and organization in ionic solutions and emulsionsPaper presented at the meeting of the GDCh-Fachgruppe “Makromolekulare Chemie” on “Polymers and Biological Functions” in Bad Nauheim (W. Germany) on April 18/19 1988. (1989)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 166 (1989), S. 111-130 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Recent studies on ionic distribution in solutions and in suspensions were reviewed. Suspensions of latex particles, which were large enough to be seen under an ultramicroscope, were investigated by the 2-D Fourier transformation. The micrograph showing ordered structures gave discrete scattering spots, whereas those of disordered arrangements displayed no spots or halos. The two-state structure gave a limited number of halo, confirming our previous conclusion that the very frequently observed single, broad scattering peak was reminiscent of some kind of ordering of solute species. By using an image data analyser, the crystallization process was shown to follow the Ostwald ripening mechanism. The concurrent study by the quasi elastic light scattering method and by the Fourier analysis gave consistent scattering profiles, which indicated that the ordering phenomena took place in the entire volume of suspensions. The scattering intensity (correctly the lattice factor) was calculated for cubic systems with paracrystalline distortion. The peak intensity was lowered by enhanced distortion, while the peak position itself was not affected. This justifies our previous treatment of the single, broad peak in terms of the Bragg equation. The experimentally found scattering curve was compared with this theoretical calculation; the degree of distortion was evaluated.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1989.051660108
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Induced cotton effects of tRNA-acridine orange complex and tRNA conformation (1972)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 11 (1972), S. 1583-1592 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Circular dichroism spectra of acridine orange bound to E. coli tRNA were studied at varying tRNA phosphate-to-dye (P/D) ratios for both unfractionated and purified materials in the absence of Mg++. From the rather discrete features exhibited in the circular dichroism spectra three types of interactions were observed: (1) A high P/D ratio such as 75.2 or 49.8 indicates the interaction between the nucleotide base and dye molecule. The spectra with a large positive peak at 515 mμ are, however, quite different from that of DNA-AO complex under similar conditions. (2) With an intermediate P/D ratio (26.5 to 9.6) dye molecules bound strongly to the polynucleotide chain. (3) With low P/D ratios (≤7.5) the interaction appears to be due to the stacked dye molecules in the single-stranded part of tRNA. The spectra of the third group have an isobestic point at 477 mμ. Below a P/D ratio of 4 the spectrum shows one positive and two negative bands which may be the characteristics of circular dichroism of stacked dyes in polynucleotide chain.Although no drastic change in the conformation of tRNA itself was detectable in the presence of Mg++ in the ultraviolet region, a dramatic change was observed in the circular dichroism of tRNA-acridine orange complex when Mg++ concentration was increased to 10-3M. It was inferred that certain conformational changes other than simple hydrogen bond formation occured in tRNA molecules at this high Mg++ concentration, so that the amount of bound dye in the stacking condition was increased through the transition.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1972.360110805
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Single helical structure of curdlan triacetate (1996)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 38 (1996), S. 557-566 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The molecular and crystal structure of curdlan triacetate, acetylated (1 → 3)β-D-glucan, was analyzed by means of an x-ray diffraction technique with the help of the linked-atom least-squares method. Unit cell dimensions are a = b = 11.00(1), c(fiber axis) = 22.91 (9) Å, and γ = 120°. The space group is P61. The unit cell contains six chemical repeating units related by 6/I-helical symmetry, which is essentially the same as the backbone conformation of one of the modifications (form I) of curdlan. During the refinement calculation, the terminal methyl in every acetyl moiety was elastically restrained to the trans conformation commonly observed in related oligosaccharide structures. The difference Fourier map, the observed and calculated densities, and the thermogravimetric measurement indicated one water molecule per glucose residue. The water oxygen is linked to two carbonyl oxygens in adjacent molecules by hydrogen bonds. The conformation of the primary acetyl moiety is a (skew, -gauche, trans). So far, no skew conformation was observed for the primary acetyl and hydroxyl moieties except in α, β-panose. In both cases, the unusual eclipsed orientation of the primary group is attributed to the hydrogen bond and this conformation is quite different from that of pachyman triacetate. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Permeability of CO2 through chitosan membrane swollen by water vapor in feed gas (1997)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 248 (1997), S. 85-94 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: In der vorliegenden Studie wurde die Permeation und Separation von Kohlendioxid durch eine wassergequollene Chitosanmembran untersucht. Die Chitosanmembran wurde durch in einem Trägergas enthaltenen Wasserdampf gequollen und zeigte nach dieser Behandlung eine hohe Gaspermeabilität. Bei Raumtemperatur durchdrang vorzugsweise Kohlendioxid die gequollene Chitosanmembran mit einer Permeabilität von 2,5·10-8 cm3 (STP) cm(s cm2 cmHg)-1 und einem CO2/N2 Trennfaktor von 70.Diese Trennleistung für Kohlendioxid wird durch die basischen Eigenschaften der Aminogruppen den Chitosanmolekülen hervorgerufen.Die Membranherstellungsbedingungen, wie zum Beispiel die Essigsäurekonzentration der Gießlösung, beeinflußten die Permeationsgeschwindigkeit. Der Einfluß der Arbeitstemperatur wurde ebenfalls untersucht. Um die Trennleistung der Membran zu erhöhen, wurden verschiedene Methoden der Membranbehandlung und Arbeitsbedingungen untersucht.
    Notes: The permeation and separation of carbon dioxide through a water-swollen chitosan membrane was studied. A chitosan membrane was swollen by water vapor contained in a feed gas and, thus treated, exhibited a large gas permeability. Carbon dioxide preferentially permeated through the swollen chitosan membrane with a permeability of 2.5·10-8 cm3 (STP) cm(s cm2 cmHg)-1 and a CO2/N2 separation factor of 70 at room temperature. This separation performance for CO2 resulted from the basic properties of the chitosan amino groups. The membrane preparation conditions, such as acetic acid concentration of the casting solution, affected the membrane permeation rate. The effect of the operation temperature was also measured. To increase the separation performance of the membrane, several methods of membrane treatment and operation were evaluated.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1997.052480105
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and conformational study of peptides possessing helically arranged ΔZPhe side chains (1993)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 33 (1993), S. 1173-1184 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Z-Dehydrophenylalanine (ΔzPhe) possessing four oligopeptides, Boc-(L-Ala-ΔzPhe-Aib)n-OCH3 (n = 1-4: Boc, t-butoxycarbonyl; Aib, α-aminoisobutyric acid), were synthesized, and their solution conformations were investigated by 1H-nmr, ir, uv, and CD spectroscopy and theoretical CD calculation. 1H-nmr (the solvent accessibility of NH groups) and ir studies indicated that all the NH groups except for those belonging to the N-terminal L-Ala-ΔzPhe moiety participate in intramolecular hydrogen bonding in chloroform. This suggests that the peptides n = 2-4 have a 4 → 1 hydrogen-bonding pattern characteristic of 310-helical structures. The uv spectra of all these peptides recorded in chloroform and in trimethyl phosphate showed an intense maximum around 276 nm assigned to the ΔzPhe chromophores. The corresponding CD spectra of the peptides n = 2-4 showed exciton couplets with a negative peak at longer wavelengths, whereas that of the peptide n = 1 showed only weak signals. Theoretical CD spectra were calculated for the peptides n = 2-4 of several helical conformations, on the basis of exciton chirality method. This calculation indicated that the three peptides form a helical conformation deviating from the perfect 310-helix that contains three residues per turn, and that their side chains of Δz Phe residues are arranged regularly along the helix. The center-to-center distance between the nearest phenyl pair(s) was estimated to be ∼ 5.5 Å. The chemical shifts of the ΔzPhe side-chain protons (Hβ and aromatic H) for the peptides n = 2-4 indicated anisotropic shielding effect of neighboring phenyl group(s); the effect also supports a regular arrangement of the Δz Phe side chains along the helical axis. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360330804
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation of poly[N-(3-acryloylaminopropyl)carbazole] and its charge transfer complex with 2,4,7-trinitrofluorenone (1976)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 177 (1976), S. 621-629 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Poly{1-[3-(9-carbazolyl)propylaminocarbonyl]äthylen} {Poly[N-(3-acryloylaminopropyl)carbazole]} (6) wurde durch radikalische Polymerisation des entsprechenden Monomers 5 hergestellt. Aus Copolymerisationsversuchen von 5 (M1) und Styrol (M2) wurden sowohl die Copolymerisationsparameter r1 und r2 als auch die Q-e Werte für 5 erhalten (r1 = 0,13±0,08, r2 = 3,47±0,12; Q = 0,18, e = 0,10). Das Fluoreszenzspektrum von 6 ist mit demjenigen der Modellsubstanz N-(3-Isobutyrylaminopropyl)carbazole (2) fast identisch, was auf die Abwesenheit von intramolekularen Excimeren im Polymer 6 hindeutet. Die Stabilitätskonstanten K der aus 6 oder 2 und 2,4,7-Trinitrofluorenon (TNF) gebildeten Chargetransfer-Komplexe wurden in Dichlorethan bei 20°C, unter den Bedingungen, daß [6] oder [2]≫[TNF] und 6 oder 2≪[TNF], ermittelt. Die Werte sind K = 4,9 bzw. 5,2 dm3mol-1 für 2, wenn [2]≫[TNF] bzw. [2]≪[TNF], und 16dm3mol-1 für 6, wenn [6]≫[TNF]. Das Polymer 6 fallt jedoch aus, wenn [6]≪[TNF]. Zum Vergleich wurde auch die Chargetransfer-Bildung von Poly[1-(9-carbazolyl)äthylen] [Poly(N-vinylcarb azol)] (1) mit TNF unter denselben Bedingungen untersucht, wobei dieselben Werte für K gefunden wurden, wenn [1]≫[TNF] und [1]≪[TNF]. Zur Erklärung kann man annehmen, daß sich bei 6 sandwichartige Chargetransfer-Komplexe bilden, wahrend sich bei 1 keine derartigen Komplexe bilden können, da aus Platzmangel zwischen die Carbazolyl-Gruppen in 1 kein TNF-Molekül eingesetzt werden kann.
    Notes: A new carbazole polymer, poly{1-[3-(9-carbazolyl)propylaminocarbonyl]ethylene} {poly[N-(3-acryloylaminopropyl)carbazole]} (6) was prepared by radical polymerization of N-(3-acryloylaminopropyl)carbazole (5). Copolymerization of 5 (M1) with styrene (M2) provided the monomer reactivity ratios r1 = 0,13±0,08 and r2 = 3,47±0,12. The Q-e values of 5 were calculated as Q1 = 0,18 and e1 = +0,10. Fluorescence spectra of 6 and N-(3-isobutyrylaminopropyl)carbazole (2), prepared as a monomer model compound, were nearly identical, indicating the absence of intramolecular excimer formation for 6. The stability constants (K) of the charge transfer complexes of 6 and 2 with 2,4,7-trinitrofluorenone (TNF) were determined in 1,2-dichloroethane at 20°C under the conditions of both [6] or [2]≫[TNF] and [6] or [2]≪[TNF]. The values of K were 4,9 and 5,2dm3 mol-1 for 2 when [2]≫[TNF] and [2]≪[TNF], respectively, and 16dm3 mol-1 for 6 when [6]≫[TNF]. The polymer 6 precipitated, however, when [6]≪[TNF]. As a reference, charge transfer complex formation of poly[1-(9-carbazolyl)-ethylene] [poly(N-vinylcarbazole)] [1] with TNF was studied under the same conditions. The values of K for 1 were identical when [1]≫[TNF] and [TNF]. These results were explained by assuming a sandwich-type charge transfer complex for 6, but not for 1. The space between the carbazolyl groups in 1 would be too small to accomodate a TNF molecule between the chromophores.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1976.021770303
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