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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2010-06-10
    Description: The autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are a group of conditions characterized by impairments in reciprocal social interaction and communication, and the presence of restricted and repetitive behaviours. Individuals with an ASD vary greatly in cognitive development, which can range from above average to intellectual disability. Although ASDs are known to be highly heritable ( approximately 90%), the underlying genetic determinants are still largely unknown. Here we analysed the genome-wide characteristics of rare (〈1% frequency) copy number variation in ASD using dense genotyping arrays. When comparing 996 ASD individuals of European ancestry to 1,287 matched controls, cases were found to carry a higher global burden of rare, genic copy number variants (CNVs) (1.19 fold, P = 0.012), especially so for loci previously implicated in either ASD and/or intellectual disability (1.69 fold, P = 3.4 x 10(-4)). Among the CNVs there were numerous de novo and inherited events, sometimes in combination in a given family, implicating many novel ASD genes such as SHANK2, SYNGAP1, DLGAP2 and the X-linked DDX53-PTCHD1 locus. We also discovered an enrichment of CNVs disrupting functional gene sets involved in cellular proliferation, projection and motility, and GTPase/Ras signalling. Our results reveal many new genetic and functional targets in ASD that may lead to final connected pathways.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3021798/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3021798/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pinto, Dalila -- Pagnamenta, Alistair T -- Klei, Lambertus -- Anney, Richard -- Merico, Daniele -- Regan, Regina -- Conroy, Judith -- Magalhaes, Tiago R -- Correia, Catarina -- Abrahams, Brett S -- Almeida, Joana -- Bacchelli, Elena -- Bader, Gary D -- Bailey, Anthony J -- Baird, Gillian -- Battaglia, Agatino -- Berney, Tom -- Bolshakova, Nadia -- Bolte, Sven -- Bolton, Patrick F -- Bourgeron, Thomas -- Brennan, Sean -- Brian, Jessica -- Bryson, Susan E -- Carson, Andrew R -- Casallo, Guillermo -- Casey, Jillian -- Chung, Brian H Y -- Cochrane, Lynne -- Corsello, Christina -- Crawford, Emily L -- Crossett, Andrew -- Cytrynbaum, Cheryl -- Dawson, Geraldine -- de Jonge, Maretha -- Delorme, Richard -- Drmic, Irene -- Duketis, Eftichia -- Duque, Frederico -- Estes, Annette -- Farrar, Penny -- Fernandez, Bridget A -- Folstein, Susan E -- Fombonne, Eric -- Freitag, Christine M -- Gilbert, John -- Gillberg, Christopher -- Glessner, Joseph T -- Goldberg, Jeremy -- Green, Andrew -- Green, Jonathan -- Guter, Stephen J -- Hakonarson, Hakon -- Heron, Elizabeth A -- Hill, Matthew -- Holt, Richard -- Howe, Jennifer L -- Hughes, Gillian -- Hus, Vanessa -- Igliozzi, Roberta -- Kim, Cecilia -- Klauck, Sabine M -- Kolevzon, Alexander -- Korvatska, Olena -- Kustanovich, Vlad -- Lajonchere, Clara M -- Lamb, Janine A -- Laskawiec, Magdalena -- Leboyer, Marion -- Le Couteur, Ann -- Leventhal, Bennett L -- Lionel, Anath C -- Liu, Xiao-Qing -- Lord, Catherine -- Lotspeich, Linda -- Lund, Sabata C -- Maestrini, Elena -- Mahoney, William -- Mantoulan, Carine -- Marshall, Christian R -- McConachie, Helen -- McDougle, Christopher J -- McGrath, Jane -- McMahon, William M -- Merikangas, Alison -- Migita, Ohsuke -- Minshew, Nancy J -- Mirza, Ghazala K -- Munson, Jeff -- Nelson, Stanley F -- Noakes, Carolyn -- Noor, Abdul -- Nygren, Gudrun -- Oliveira, Guiomar -- Papanikolaou, Katerina -- Parr, Jeremy R -- Parrini, Barbara -- Paton, Tara -- Pickles, Andrew -- Pilorge, Marion -- Piven, Joseph -- Ponting, Chris P -- Posey, David J -- Poustka, Annemarie -- Poustka, Fritz -- Prasad, Aparna -- Ragoussis, Jiannis -- Renshaw, Katy -- Rickaby, Jessica -- Roberts, Wendy -- Roeder, Kathryn -- Roge, Bernadette -- Rutter, Michael L -- Bierut, Laura J -- Rice, John P -- Salt, Jeff -- Sansom, Katherine -- Sato, Daisuke -- Segurado, Ricardo -- Sequeira, Ana F -- Senman, Lili -- Shah, Naisha -- Sheffield, Val C -- Soorya, Latha -- Sousa, Ines -- Stein, Olaf -- Sykes, Nuala -- Stoppioni, Vera -- Strawbridge, Christina -- Tancredi, Raffaella -- Tansey, Katherine -- Thiruvahindrapduram, Bhooma -- Thompson, Ann P -- Thomson, Susanne -- Tryfon, Ana -- Tsiantis, John -- Van Engeland, Herman -- Vincent, John B -- Volkmar, Fred -- Wallace, Simon -- Wang, Kai -- Wang, Zhouzhi -- Wassink, Thomas H -- Webber, Caleb -- Weksberg, Rosanna -- Wing, Kirsty -- Wittemeyer, Kerstin -- Wood, Shawn -- Wu, Jing -- Yaspan, Brian L -- Zurawiecki, Danielle -- Zwaigenbaum, Lonnie -- Buxbaum, Joseph D -- Cantor, Rita M -- Cook, Edwin H -- Coon, Hilary -- Cuccaro, Michael L -- Devlin, Bernie -- Ennis, Sean -- Gallagher, Louise -- Geschwind, Daniel H -- Gill, Michael -- Haines, Jonathan L -- Hallmayer, Joachim -- Miller, Judith -- Monaco, Anthony P -- Nurnberger, John I Jr -- Paterson, Andrew D -- Pericak-Vance, Margaret A -- Schellenberg, Gerard D -- Szatmari, Peter -- Vicente, Astrid M -- Vieland, Veronica J -- Wijsman, Ellen M -- Scherer, Stephen W -- Sutcliffe, James S -- Betancur, Catalina -- 075491/Z/04/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- AS2077/Autism Speaks/ -- AS7462/Autism Speaks/ -- G0601030/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- HD055751/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HD055782/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HD055784/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HD35465/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- MC_U137761446/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- MH061009/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH06359/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH066673/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH080647/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH081754/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH52708/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH55284/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH57881/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH66766/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- NS026630/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS042165/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS049261/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P01 CA089392/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01 CA089392-08/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01 HD035465-01S1/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- P01 NS026630/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P01 NS026630-15/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P50 HD055748/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- P50 HD055748-01/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- P50 HD055748-02/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- P50 HD055748-03/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- P50 HD055751/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- P50 HD055751-01/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- P50 HD055782/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- P50 HD055782-04/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01 DA013423/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- R01 DA013423-05/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- R01 DA019963/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- R01 DA019963-01A2/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- R01 DA019963-02/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- R01 DA019963-03/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH052708-05/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH055284/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH055284-04/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH057881/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH057881-02/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH061009/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH061009-05/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH080647/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH080647-11/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH081754/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH081754-01/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS042165/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS042165-05/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS049261/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS049261-02/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- U01 HG004422/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U01 HG004422-02/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U10 MH066766-05/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- U19 HD035469/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- U19 HD035469-06/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- U19 HD035469-07/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- U19 HD035469-08/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- U19 HD035469-09/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- U19 HD035469-10/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- U54 MH066673/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- U54 MH066673-05/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- UL1 TR000448/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/ -- Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada -- Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- England -- Nature. 2010 Jul 15;466(7304):368-72. doi: 10.1038/nature09146. Epub 2010 Jun 9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Centre for Applied Genomics and Program in Genetics and Genomic Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20531469" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Case-Control Studies ; Cell Movement ; Child ; Child Development Disorders, Pervasive/*genetics/pathology/*physiopathology ; Cytoprotection ; DNA Copy Number Variations/*genetics ; Europe/ethnology ; Gene Dosage/*genetics ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease/*genetics ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Humans ; Signal Transduction ; Social Behavior
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2009-11-13
    Description: The signalling pathways controlling both the evolution and development of language in the human brain remain unknown. So far, the transcription factor FOXP2 (forkhead box P2) is the only gene implicated in Mendelian forms of human speech and language dysfunction. It has been proposed that the amino acid composition in the human variant of FOXP2 has undergone accelerated evolution, and this two-amino-acid change occurred around the time of language emergence in humans. However, this remains controversial, and whether the acquisition of these amino acids in human FOXP2 has any functional consequence in human neurons remains untested. Here we demonstrate that these two human-specific amino acids alter FOXP2 function by conferring differential transcriptional regulation in vitro. We extend these observations in vivo to human and chimpanzee brain, and use network analysis to identify novel relationships among the differentially expressed genes. These data provide experimental support for the functional relevance of changes in FOXP2 that occur on the human lineage, highlighting specific pathways with direct consequences for human brain development and disease in the central nervous system (CNS). Because FOXP2 has an important role in speech and language in humans, the identified targets may have a critical function in the development and evolution of language circuitry in humans.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2778075/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2778075/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Konopka, Genevieve -- Bomar, Jamee M -- Winden, Kellen -- Coppola, Giovanni -- Jonsson, Zophonias O -- Gao, Fuying -- Peng, Sophia -- Preuss, Todd M -- Wohlschlegel, James A -- Geschwind, Daniel H -- N01-HD-4-3368/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- N01-HD-4-3383/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R21 MH075028/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R21 MH075028-02/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R21MH075028/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R37 MH060233/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R37 MH060233-06A1/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R37MH60233-06A1/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- RR00165/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- T32HD007032/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- T32MH073526/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2009 Nov 12;462(7270):213-7. doi: 10.1038/nature08549.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Program in Neurogenetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA. gena@alum.mit.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19907493" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/cytology/*embryology/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; Evolution, Molecular ; Forkhead Transcription Factors/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Humans ; Language ; Pan troglodytes/embryology/genetics/metabolism ; Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics ; Species Specificity ; Speech/physiology ; *Transcription, Genetic ; Transcriptional Activation
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2009-05-01
    Description: Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) represent a group of childhood neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders characterized by deficits in verbal communication, impairment of social interaction, and restricted and repetitive patterns of interests and behaviour. To identify common genetic risk factors underlying ASDs, here we present the results of genome-wide association studies on a cohort of 780 families (3,101 subjects) with affected children, and a second cohort of 1,204 affected subjects and 6,491 control subjects, all of whom were of European ancestry. Six single nucleotide polymorphisms between cadherin 10 (CDH10) and cadherin 9 (CDH9)-two genes encoding neuronal cell-adhesion molecules-revealed strong association signals, with the most significant SNP being rs4307059 (P = 3.4 x 10(-8), odds ratio = 1.19). These signals were replicated in two independent cohorts, with combined P values ranging from 7.4 x 10(-8) to 2.1 x 10(-10). Our results implicate neuronal cell-adhesion molecules in the pathogenesis of ASDs, and represent, to our knowledge, the first demonstration of genome-wide significant association of common variants with susceptibility to ASDs.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2943511/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2943511/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wang, Kai -- Zhang, Haitao -- Ma, Deqiong -- Bucan, Maja -- Glessner, Joseph T -- Abrahams, Brett S -- Salyakina, Daria -- Imielinski, Marcin -- Bradfield, Jonathan P -- Sleiman, Patrick M A -- Kim, Cecilia E -- Hou, Cuiping -- Frackelton, Edward -- Chiavacci, Rosetta -- Takahashi, Nagahide -- Sakurai, Takeshi -- Rappaport, Eric -- Lajonchere, Clara M -- Munson, Jeffrey -- Estes, Annette -- Korvatska, Olena -- Piven, Joseph -- Sonnenblick, Lisa I -- Alvarez Retuerto, Ana I -- Herman, Edward I -- Dong, Hongmei -- Hutman, Ted -- Sigman, Marian -- Ozonoff, Sally -- Klin, Ami -- Owley, Thomas -- Sweeney, John A -- Brune, Camille W -- Cantor, Rita M -- Bernier, Raphael -- Gilbert, John R -- Cuccaro, Michael L -- McMahon, William M -- Miller, Judith -- State, Matthew W -- Wassink, Thomas H -- Coon, Hilary -- Levy, Susan E -- Schultz, Robert T -- Nurnberger, John I -- Haines, Jonathan L -- Sutcliffe, James S -- Cook, Edwin H -- Minshew, Nancy J -- Buxbaum, Joseph D -- Dawson, Geraldine -- Grant, Struan F A -- Geschwind, Daniel H -- Pericak-Vance, Margaret A -- Schellenberg, Gerard D -- Hakonarson, Hakon -- 1U24MH081810/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- HD055751/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HD055782-01/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HD055784/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- M01-RR00064/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- MH061009/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH0666730/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH080647/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH081754/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH64547/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH69359/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- N01-HD-4-3368/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- N01-HD-4-3383/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- NS049261/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS26630/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS36768/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P01 NS026630/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P01 NS026630-109001/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P50 HD055748/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- P50 HD055751/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- P50 HD055751-01/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- P50 HD055782-01/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- P50 HD055784/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- P50 HD055784-01/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- P50 HD055784-010002/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- P50 HD055784-020002/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- P50 HD055784-030002/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH061009/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH061009-01A1/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH064547/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH064547-01/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH064547-01S1/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH064547-02/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH064547-02S1/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH064547-03/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH064547-04/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH064547-05/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH069359/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH069359-01A2/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH080647/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH080647-11/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH081754/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH081754-01/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH081754-02/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS036768/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS036768-06/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS049261/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS049261-01A2/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- U54 MH066673/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- U54 MH066673-01A10001/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- UL1 RR024134/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- UL1 RR024134-01/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- UL1-RR024134-03/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- England -- Nature. 2009 May 28;459(7246):528-33. doi: 10.1038/nature07999. Epub 2009 Apr 28.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19404256" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Autistic Disorder/*genetics ; Brain/metabolism ; Cadherins/genetics ; Case-Control Studies ; Cell Adhesion/genetics ; Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal/genetics ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 5/*genetics ; Cohort Studies ; Genetic Markers/genetics ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease/*genetics ; Genetic Variation/*genetics ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Genotype ; Humans ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics ; Reproducibility of Results
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2009-10-16
    Description: Advances in genetics and genomics have fuelled a revolution in discovery-based, or hypothesis-generating, research that provides a powerful complement to the more directly hypothesis-driven molecular, cellular and systems neuroscience. Genetic and functional genomic studies have already yielded important insights into neuronal diversity and function, as well as disease. One of the most exciting and challenging frontiers in neuroscience involves harnessing the power of large-scale genetic, genomic and phenotypic data sets, and the development of tools for data integration and mining. Methods for network analysis and systems biology offer the promise of integrating these multiple levels of data, connecting molecular pathways to nervous system function.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3645852/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3645852/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Geschwind, Daniel H -- Konopka, Genevieve -- K99 MH090238/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R37 MH060233/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R37 MH60233-06A1/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- U24 NS052108/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- U24 NS52108/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2009 Oct 15;461(7266):908-15. doi: 10.1038/nature08537.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Program in Neurogenetics and Neurobehavioural Genetics, Department of Neurology and Semel Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA. dhg@ucla.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19829370" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Genomics/*methods ; Humans ; Nervous System/metabolism ; Neurosciences/*methods/*trends ; Proteome/metabolism ; Synapses/metabolism ; Systems Biology/*methods
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2005-05-17
    Description: The human left and right cerebral hemispheres are anatomically and functionally asymmetric. To test whether human cortical asymmetry has a molecular basis, we studied gene expression levels between the left and right embryonic hemispheres using serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE). We identified and verified 27 differentially expressed genes, which suggests that human cortical asymmetry is accompanied by early, marked transcriptional asymmetries. LMO4 is consistently more highly expressed in the right perisylvian human cerebral cortex than in the left and is essential for cortical development in mice, suggesting that human left-right specialization reflects asymmetric cortical development at early stages.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2756725/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2756725/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sun, Tao -- Patoine, Christina -- Abu-Khalil, Amir -- Visvader, Jane -- Sum, Eleanor -- Cherry, Timothy J -- Orkin, Stuart H -- Geschwind, Daniel H -- Walsh, Christopher A -- MH60233/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS035129/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS035129-03/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 R37 NS35129/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R37 NS035129/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R37 NS035129-05/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jun 17;308(5729):1794-8. Epub 2005 May 12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, and Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, New Research Building Room 0266, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15894532" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; Animals ; Brain Mapping ; Cerebral Cortex/*embryology/metabolism ; *Functional Laterality ; *Gene Expression ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Gestational Age ; Homeodomain Proteins/*genetics ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization ; LIM Domain Proteins ; Mice ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Transcription Factors/*genetics ; *Transcription, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2012-04-13
    Description: Multiple studies have confirmed the contribution of rare de novo copy number variations to the risk for autism spectrum disorders. But whereas de novo single nucleotide variants have been identified in affected individuals, their contribution to risk has yet to be clarified. Specifically, the frequency and distribution of these mutations have not been well characterized in matched unaffected controls, and such data are vital to the interpretation of de novo coding mutations observed in probands. Here we show, using whole-exome sequencing of 928 individuals, including 200 phenotypically discordant sibling pairs, that highly disruptive (nonsense and splice-site) de novo mutations in brain-expressed genes are associated with autism spectrum disorders and carry large effects. On the basis of mutation rates in unaffected individuals, we demonstrate that multiple independent de novo single nucleotide variants in the same gene among unrelated probands reliably identifies risk alleles, providing a clear path forward for gene discovery. Among a total of 279 identified de novo coding mutations, there is a single instance in probands, and none in siblings, in which two independent nonsense variants disrupt the same gene, SCN2A (sodium channel, voltage-gated, type II, alpha subunit), a result that is highly unlikely by chance.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3667984/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3667984/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sanders, Stephan J -- Murtha, Michael T -- Gupta, Abha R -- Murdoch, John D -- Raubeson, Melanie J -- Willsey, A Jeremy -- Ercan-Sencicek, A Gulhan -- DiLullo, Nicholas M -- Parikshak, Neelroop N -- Stein, Jason L -- Walker, Michael F -- Ober, Gordon T -- Teran, Nicole A -- Song, Youeun -- El-Fishawy, Paul -- Murtha, Ryan C -- Choi, Murim -- Overton, John D -- Bjornson, Robert D -- Carriero, Nicholas J -- Meyer, Kyle A -- Bilguvar, Kaya -- Mane, Shrikant M -- Sestan, Nenad -- Lifton, Richard P -- Gunel, Murat -- Roeder, Kathryn -- Geschwind, Daniel H -- Devlin, Bernie -- State, Matthew W -- K08 MH087639/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R25 MH077823/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM008042/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U01 MH081896/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2012 Apr 4;485(7397):237-41. doi: 10.1038/nature10945.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Program on Neurogenetics, Child Study Center, Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 230 South Frontage Road, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22495306" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Autistic Disorder/*genetics ; Codon, Nonsense/genetics ; Exome/*genetics ; Exons/*genetics ; Genetic Heterogeneity ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease/*genetics ; Humans ; Mutation/*genetics ; NAV1.2 Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/*genetics ; RNA Splice Sites/genetics ; Siblings ; Sodium Channels/*genetics
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2012-09-22
    Description: Neuroanatomically precise, genome-wide maps of transcript distributions are critical resources to complement genomic sequence data and to correlate functional and genetic brain architecture. Here we describe the generation and analysis of a transcriptional atlas of the adult human brain, comprising extensive histological analysis and comprehensive microarray profiling of approximately 900 neuroanatomically precise subdivisions in two individuals. Transcriptional regulation varies enormously by anatomical location, with different regions and their constituent cell types displaying robust molecular signatures that are highly conserved between individuals. Analysis of differential gene expression and gene co-expression relationships demonstrates that brain-wide variation strongly reflects the distributions of major cell classes such as neurons, oligodendrocytes, astrocytes and microglia. Local neighbourhood relationships between fine anatomical subdivisions are associated with discrete neuronal subtypes and genes involved with synaptic transmission. The neocortex displays a relatively homogeneous transcriptional pattern, but with distinct features associated selectively with primary sensorimotor cortices and with enriched frontal lobe expression. Notably, the spatial topography of the neocortex is strongly reflected in its molecular topography-the closer two cortical regions, the more similar their transcriptomes. This freely accessible online data resource forms a high-resolution transcriptional baseline for neurogenetic studies of normal and abnormal human brain function.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4243026/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4243026/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hawrylycz, Michael J -- Lein, Ed S -- Guillozet-Bongaarts, Angela L -- Shen, Elaine H -- Ng, Lydia -- Miller, Jeremy A -- van de Lagemaat, Louie N -- Smith, Kimberly A -- Ebbert, Amanda -- Riley, Zackery L -- Abajian, Chris -- Beckmann, Christian F -- Bernard, Amy -- Bertagnolli, Darren -- Boe, Andrew F -- Cartagena, Preston M -- Chakravarty, M Mallar -- Chapin, Mike -- Chong, Jimmy -- Dalley, Rachel A -- Daly, Barry David -- Dang, Chinh -- Datta, Suvro -- Dee, Nick -- Dolbeare, Tim A -- Faber, Vance -- Feng, David -- Fowler, David R -- Goldy, Jeff -- Gregor, Benjamin W -- Haradon, Zeb -- Haynor, David R -- Hohmann, John G -- Horvath, Steve -- Howard, Robert E -- Jeromin, Andreas -- Jochim, Jayson M -- Kinnunen, Marty -- Lau, Christopher -- Lazarz, Evan T -- Lee, Changkyu -- Lemon, Tracy A -- Li, Ling -- Li, Yang -- Morris, John A -- Overly, Caroline C -- Parker, Patrick D -- Parry, Sheana E -- Reding, Melissa -- Royall, Joshua J -- Schulkin, Jay -- Sequeira, Pedro Adolfo -- Slaughterbeck, Clifford R -- Smith, Simon C -- Sodt, Andy J -- Sunkin, Susan M -- Swanson, Beryl E -- Vawter, Marquis P -- Williams, Derric -- Wohnoutka, Paul -- Zielke, H Ronald -- Geschwind, Daniel H -- Hof, Patrick R -- Smith, Stephen M -- Koch, Christof -- Grant, Seth G N -- Jones, Allan R -- 066717/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 077155/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 1C76HF15069-01-00/PHS HHS/ -- 1C76HF19619-01-00/PHS HHS/ -- G0700399/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G0802238/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- England -- Nature. 2012 Sep 20;489(7416):391-9. doi: 10.1038/nature11405.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington 98103, USA. mikeh@alleninstitute.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22996553" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; *Anatomy, Artistic ; Animals ; *Atlases as Topic ; Brain/*anatomy & histology/cytology/*metabolism ; Calbindins ; Databases, Genetic ; Dopamine/metabolism ; *Gene Expression Profiling ; Health ; Hippocampus/cytology/metabolism ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization ; Internet ; Macaca mulatta/anatomy & histology/genetics ; Male ; Mice ; Neocortex/anatomy & histology/cytology/metabolism ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Post-Synaptic Density/genetics ; RNA, Messenger/analysis/genetics ; S100 Calcium Binding Protein G/genetics ; Species Specificity ; Transcriptome/*genetics
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2014-04-04
    Description: The anatomical and functional architecture of the human brain is mainly determined by prenatal transcriptional processes. We describe an anatomically comprehensive atlas of the mid-gestational human brain, including de novo reference atlases, in situ hybridization, ultra-high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and microarray analysis on highly discrete laser-microdissected brain regions. In developing cerebral cortex, transcriptional differences are found between different proliferative and post-mitotic layers, wherein laminar signatures reflect cellular composition and developmental processes. Cytoarchitectural differences between human and mouse have molecular correlates, including species differences in gene expression in subplate, although surprisingly we find minimal differences between the inner and outer subventricular zones even though the outer zone is expanded in humans. Both germinal and post-mitotic cortical layers exhibit fronto-temporal gradients, with particular enrichment in the frontal lobe. Finally, many neurodevelopmental disorder and human-evolution-related genes show patterned expression, potentially underlying unique features of human cortical formation. These data provide a rich, freely-accessible resource for understanding human brain development.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4105188/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4105188/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Miller, Jeremy A -- Ding, Song-Lin -- Sunkin, Susan M -- Smith, Kimberly A -- Ng, Lydia -- Szafer, Aaron -- Ebbert, Amanda -- Riley, Zackery L -- Royall, Joshua J -- Aiona, Kaylynn -- Arnold, James M -- Bennet, Crissa -- Bertagnolli, Darren -- Brouner, Krissy -- Butler, Stephanie -- Caldejon, Shiella -- Carey, Anita -- Cuhaciyan, Christine -- Dalley, Rachel A -- Dee, Nick -- Dolbeare, Tim A -- Facer, Benjamin A C -- Feng, David -- Fliss, Tim P -- Gee, Garrett -- Goldy, Jeff -- Gourley, Lindsey -- Gregor, Benjamin W -- Gu, Guangyu -- Howard, Robert E -- Jochim, Jayson M -- Kuan, Chihchau L -- Lau, Christopher -- Lee, Chang-Kyu -- Lee, Felix -- Lemon, Tracy A -- Lesnar, Phil -- McMurray, Bergen -- Mastan, Naveed -- Mosqueda, Nerick -- Naluai-Cecchini, Theresa -- Ngo, Nhan-Kiet -- Nyhus, Julie -- Oldre, Aaron -- Olson, Eric -- Parente, Jody -- Parker, Patrick D -- Parry, Sheana E -- Stevens, Allison -- Pletikos, Mihovil -- Reding, Melissa -- Roll, Kate -- Sandman, David -- Sarreal, Melaine -- Shapouri, Sheila -- Shapovalova, Nadiya V -- Shen, Elaine H -- Sjoquist, Nathan -- Slaughterbeck, Clifford R -- Smith, Michael -- Sodt, Andy J -- Williams, Derric -- Zollei, Lilla -- Fischl, Bruce -- Gerstein, Mark B -- Geschwind, Daniel H -- Glass, Ian A -- Hawrylycz, Michael J -- Hevner, Robert F -- Huang, Hao -- Jones, Allan R -- Knowles, James A -- Levitt, Pat -- Phillips, John W -- Sestan, Nenad -- Wohnoutka, Paul -- Dang, Chinh -- Bernard, Amy -- Hohmann, John G -- Lein, Ed S -- 5R24HD0008836/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R00 HD061485/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH092535/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R24 HD000836/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- RC2 MH089921/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- RC2MH089921/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2014 Apr 10;508(7495):199-206. doi: 10.1038/nature13185. Epub 2014 Apr 2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉1] Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington 98103, USA [2]. ; Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington 98103, USA. ; Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, 1959 North East Pacific Street, Box 356320, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA. ; 1] Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA [2] Computer Science and AI Lab, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA. ; Department of Neurobiology and Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA. ; Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA. ; 1] Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA [2] Department of Computer Science, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA. ; Program in Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology and Semel Institute David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA. ; 1] Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington 98101, USA [2] Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98105, USA. ; Advanced Imaging Research Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA. ; Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, and Department of Psychiatry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA. ; 1] Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, California 90027, USA [2] Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24695229" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anatomy, Artistic ; Animals ; Atlases as Topic ; Brain/embryology/*metabolism ; Conserved Sequence/genetics ; Fetus/cytology/embryology/*metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental/*genetics ; Gene Regulatory Networks/genetics ; Humans ; Mice ; Neocortex/embryology/metabolism ; Species Specificity ; *Transcriptome
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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