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  • 1
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    Damage-induced phosphorylation of Sld3 is important to block late origin firing (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-09-25
    Description: Origins of replication are activated throughout the S phase of the cell cycle such that some origins fire early and others fire late to ensure that each chromosome is completely replicated in a timely fashion. However, in response to DNA damage or replication fork stalling, eukaryotic cells block activation of unfired origins. Human cells derived from patients with ataxia telangiectasia are deficient in this process due to the lack of a functional ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) kinase and elicit radioresistant DNA synthesis after gamma-irradiation(2). This effect is conserved in budding yeast, as yeast cells lacking the related kinase Mec1 (ATM and Rad3-related (ATR in humans)) also fail to inhibit DNA synthesis in the presence of DNA damage. This intra-S-phase checkpoint actively regulates DNA synthesis by inhibiting the firing of late replicating origins, and this inhibition requires both Mec1 and the downstream checkpoint kinase Rad53 (Chk2 in humans). However, the Rad53 substrate(s) whose phosphorylation is required to mediate this function has remained unknown. Here we show that the replication initiation protein Sld3 is phosphorylated by Rad53, and that this phosphorylation, along with phosphorylation of the Cdc7 kinase regulatory subunit Dbf4, blocks late origin firing in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Upon exposure to DNA-damaging agents, cells expressing non-phosphorylatable alleles of SLD3 and DBF4 (SLD3-m25 and dbf4-m25, respectively) proceed through the S phase faster than wild-type cells by inappropriately firing late origins of replication. SLD3-m25 dbf4-m25 cells grow poorly in the presence of the replication inhibitor hydroxyurea and accumulate multiple Rad52 foci. Moreover, SLD3-m25 dbf4-m25 cells are delayed in recovering from transient blocks to replication and subsequently arrest at the DNA damage checkpoint. These data indicate that the intra-S-phase checkpoint functions to block late origin firing in adverse conditions to prevent genomic instability and maximize cell survival.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3393088/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3393088/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lopez-Mosqueda, Jaime -- Maas, Nancy L -- Jonsson, Zophonias O -- Defazio-Eli, Lisa G -- Wohlschlegel, James -- Toczyski, David P -- GM059691/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM059691/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM059691-09/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM059691-10/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM059691-11/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM059691-12/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM089778/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 Sep 23;467(7314):479-83. doi: 10.1038/nature09377.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158-9001, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20865002" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Cycle Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Checkpoint Kinase 2 ; DNA Damage/*physiology ; DNA Replication/drug effects/*physiology ; DNA-Binding Proteins/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Hydroxyurea/pharmacology ; Phosphorylation/drug effects ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases ; Rad52 DNA Repair and Recombination Protein/metabolism ; Replication Origin/drug effects/*physiology ; *S Phase/drug effects/physiology ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/cytology/drug effects/genetics/*metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 2
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    Human-specific transcriptional regulation of CNS development genes by FOXP2 (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-11-13
    Description: The signalling pathways controlling both the evolution and development of language in the human brain remain unknown. So far, the transcription factor FOXP2 (forkhead box P2) is the only gene implicated in Mendelian forms of human speech and language dysfunction. It has been proposed that the amino acid composition in the human variant of FOXP2 has undergone accelerated evolution, and this two-amino-acid change occurred around the time of language emergence in humans. However, this remains controversial, and whether the acquisition of these amino acids in human FOXP2 has any functional consequence in human neurons remains untested. Here we demonstrate that these two human-specific amino acids alter FOXP2 function by conferring differential transcriptional regulation in vitro. We extend these observations in vivo to human and chimpanzee brain, and use network analysis to identify novel relationships among the differentially expressed genes. These data provide experimental support for the functional relevance of changes in FOXP2 that occur on the human lineage, highlighting specific pathways with direct consequences for human brain development and disease in the central nervous system (CNS). Because FOXP2 has an important role in speech and language in humans, the identified targets may have a critical function in the development and evolution of language circuitry in humans.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2778075/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2778075/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Konopka, Genevieve -- Bomar, Jamee M -- Winden, Kellen -- Coppola, Giovanni -- Jonsson, Zophonias O -- Gao, Fuying -- Peng, Sophia -- Preuss, Todd M -- Wohlschlegel, James A -- Geschwind, Daniel H -- N01-HD-4-3368/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- N01-HD-4-3383/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R21 MH075028/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R21 MH075028-02/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R21MH075028/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R37 MH060233/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R37 MH060233-06A1/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R37MH60233-06A1/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- RR00165/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- T32HD007032/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- T32MH073526/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2009 Nov 12;462(7270):213-7. doi: 10.1038/nature08549.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Program in Neurogenetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA. gena@alum.mit.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19907493" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/cytology/*embryology/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; Evolution, Molecular ; Forkhead Transcription Factors/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Humans ; Language ; Pan troglodytes/embryology/genetics/metabolism ; Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics ; Species Specificity ; Speech/physiology ; *Transcription, Genetic ; Transcriptional Activation
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 3
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    MMS19 assembles iron-sulfur proteins required for DNA metabolism and genomic integrity (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-06-09
    Description: Instability of the nuclear genome is a hallmark of cancer and aging. MMS19 protein has been linked to maintenance of genomic integrity, but the molecular basis of this connection is unknown. Here, we identify MMS19 as a member of the cytosolic iron-sulfur protein assembly (CIA) machinery. MMS19 functions as part of the CIA targeting complex that specifically interacts with and facilitates iron-sulfur cluster insertion into apoproteins involved in methionine biosynthesis, DNA replication, DNA repair, and telomere maintenance. MMS19 thus serves as an adapter between early-acting CIA components and a subset of cellular iron-sulfur proteins. The function of MMS19 in the maturation of crucial components of DNA metabolism may explain the sensitivity of MMS19 mutants to DNA damage and the presence of extended telomeres.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3420340/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3420340/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stehling, Oliver -- Vashisht, Ajay A -- Mascarenhas, Judita -- Jonsson, Zophonias O -- Sharma, Tanu -- Netz, Daili J A -- Pierik, Antonio J -- Wohlschlegel, James A -- Lill, Roland -- GM089778/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM089778/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Jul 13;337(6091):195-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1219723. Epub 2012 Jun 7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut fur Zytobiologie und Zytopathologie, Philipps-Universitat Marburg, Robert-Koch-Str. 6, 35033 Marburg, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22678362" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Carrier Proteins/metabolism ; Cytosol/metabolism ; DNA/*metabolism ; DNA Damage ; DNA Repair ; DNA Replication ; DNA, Fungal/*metabolism ; *Genomic Instability ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Immunoprecipitation ; Iron/metabolism ; Iron-Sulfur Proteins/*metabolism ; Metallochaperones/metabolism ; Methionine/biosynthesis ; Nuclear Proteins/metabolism ; Protein Interaction Mapping ; Proteomics ; RNA Interference ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/*metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Transcription Factors/genetics/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Regulation of DNA replication and repair proteins through interaction with the front side of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (1998)
    EMBO Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-04-15
    Print ISSN: 0261-4189
    Electronic ISSN: 1460-2075
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by EMBO Press on behalf of European Molecular Biology Organization.
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  • 5
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    A DNA ligase from the psychrophile Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis gives insights into the adaptation of proteins to low temperatures (2000)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-06-01
    Print ISSN: 0014-2956
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-1033
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Published by Wiley on behalf of Federation of European Biochemical Societies.
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  • 6
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    Tyrosine 114 is essential for the trimeric structure and the functional activities of human proliferating cell nuclear antigen. (1995)
    EMBO Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-11-01
    Print ISSN: 0261-4189
    Electronic ISSN: 1460-2075
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by EMBO Press on behalf of European Molecular Biology Organization.
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