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  • 1
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    Initial results from the Mini-TES experiment in Gusev Crater from the Spirit Rover (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-08-07
    Description: The Miniature Thermal Emission Spectrometer (Mini-TES) on Spirit has studied the mineralogy and thermophysical properties at Gusev crater. Undisturbed soil spectra show evidence for minor carbonates and bound water. Rocks are olivinerich basalts with varying degrees of dust and other coatings. Dark-toned soils observed on disturbed surfaces may be derived from rocks and have derived mineralogy (+/-5 to 10%) of 45% pyroxene (20% Ca-rich pyroxene and 25% pigeonite), 40% sodic to intermediate plagioclase, and 15% olivine (forsterite 45% +/-5 to 10). Two spectrally distinct coatings are observed on rocks, a possible indicator of the interaction of water, rock, and airfall dust. Diurnal temperature data indicate particle sizes from 40 to 80 microm in hollows to approximately 0.5 to 3 mm in soils.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Christensen, P R -- Ruff, S W -- Fergason, R L -- Knudson, A T -- Anwar, S -- Arvidson, R E -- Bandfield, J L -- Blaney, D L -- Budney, C -- Calvin, W M -- Glotch, T D -- Golombek, M P -- Gorelick, N -- Graff, T G -- Hamilton, V E -- Hayes, A -- Johnson, J R -- McSween, H Y Jr -- Mehall, G L -- Mehall, L K -- Moersch, J E -- Morris, R V -- Rogers, A D -- Smith, M D -- Squyres, S W -- Wolff, M J -- Wyatt, M B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Aug 6;305(5685):837-42.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Geological Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA. phil.christensen@asu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15297667" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Carbonates ; Geologic Sediments ; Interferometry ; Iron Compounds ; Magnesium Compounds ; *Mars ; *Minerals ; Oxides ; Silicates ; Spectrum Analysis ; Temperature ; Water
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Basaltic rocks analyzed by the Spirit Rover in Gusev Crater (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-08-07
    Description: The Spirit landing site in Gusev Crater on Mars contains dark, fine-grained, vesicular rocks interpreted as lavas. Pancam and Mini-Thermal Emission Spectrometer (Mini-TES) spectra suggest that all of these rocks are similar but have variable coatings and dust mantles. Magnified images of brushed and abraded rock surfaces show alteration rinds and veins. Rock interiors contain 〈/=25% megacrysts. Chemical analyses of rocks by the Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer are consistent with picritic basalts, containing normative olivine, pyroxenes, plagioclase, and accessory FeTi oxides. Mossbauer, Pancam, and Mini-TES spectra confirm the presence of olivine, magnetite, and probably pyroxene. These basalts extend the known range of rock compositions composing the martian crust.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McSween, H Y -- Arvidson, R E -- Bell, J F 3rd -- Blaney, D -- Cabrol, N A -- Christensen, P R -- Clark, B C -- Crisp, J A -- Crumpler, L S -- Des Marais, D J -- Farmer, J D -- Gellert, R -- Ghosh, A -- Gorevan, S -- Graff, T -- Grant, J -- Haskin, L A -- Herkenhoff, K E -- Johnson, J R -- Jolliff, B L -- Klingelhoefer, G -- Knudson, A T -- McLennan, S -- Milam, K A -- Moersch, J E -- Morris, R V -- Rieder, R -- Ruff, S W -- De Souza, P A Jr -- Squyres, S W -- Wanke, H -- Wang, A -- Wyatt, M B -- Yen, A -- Zipfel, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Aug 6;305(5685):842-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996-1410, USA. mcsween@utk.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15297668" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Extraterrestrial Environment ; Geologic Sediments ; Iron Compounds ; Magnesium Compounds ; *Mars ; *Minerals ; Oxides ; *Silicates ; Spectroscopy, Mossbauer ; Spectrum Analysis ; Water
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Mineralogy at Meridiani Planum from the Mini-TES Experiment on the Opportunity Rover (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-12-04
    Description: The Miniature Thermal Emission Spectrometer (Mini-TES) on Opportunity investigated the mineral abundances and compositions of outcrops, rocks, and soils at Meridiani Planum. Coarse crystalline hematite and olivine-rich basaltic sands were observed as predicted from orbital TES spectroscopy. Outcrops of aqueous origin are composed of 15 to 35% by volume magnesium and calcium sulfates [a high-silica component modeled as a combination of glass, feldspar, and sheet silicates (approximately 20 to 30%)], and hematite; only minor jarosite is identified in Mini-TES spectra. Mini-TES spectra show only a hematite signature in the millimeter-sized spherules. Basaltic materials have more plagioclase than pyroxene, contain olivine, and are similar in inferred mineral composition to basalt mapped from orbit. Bounce rock is dominated by clinopyroxene and is close in inferred mineral composition to the basaltic martian meteorites. Bright wind streak material matches global dust. Waterlain rocks covered by unaltered basaltic sands suggest a change from an aqueous environment to one dominated by physical weathering.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Christensen, P R -- Wyatt, M B -- Glotch, T D -- Rogers, A D -- Anwar, S -- Arvidson, R E -- Bandfield, J L -- Blaney, D L -- Budney, C -- Calvin, W M -- Fallacaro, A -- Fergason, R L -- Gorelick, N -- Graff, T G -- Hamilton, V E -- Hayes, A G -- Johnson, J R -- Knudson, A T -- McSween, H Y Jr -- Mehall, G L -- Mehall, L K -- Moersch, J E -- Morris, R V -- Smith, M D -- Squyres, S W -- Ruff, S W -- Wolff, M J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 3;306(5702):1733-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Geological Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA. phil.christensen@asu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15576609" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Calcium Sulfate ; Extraterrestrial Environment ; Ferric Compounds ; Geologic Sediments ; Iron Compounds ; Magnesium Compounds ; Magnesium Sulfate ; *Mars ; *Minerals ; Silicates ; Spacecraft ; Sulfates ; Water
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    The 0.9-2.5 micron spectrum of Comet West 1976 VI (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Analyses of IR data of Comet West in the region 0.9-2.5 microns are presented. The spectra were observed with a resolution of 4.6/cm, and the solar-type star Eta Boo was also observed for comparison purposes. The cometary continuum was found to increase slightly from 10,000-5500/cm, and display thermal emission above 5500/cm due to dust particles in the coma. The cometary emissions were identified with CN and C2, with the C2 transitions displaying unblended singlet and triplet systems. It is noted that no emissions or absorptions due to ice of any form were detected.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 (ISSN 0004-637X); 270; July 15
    Format: text
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  • 5
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    CCD observations of comet Tuttle 1980 XIII - The H2O(+) ionosphere (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A CCD spectrum of comet Tuttle 1980h has been analyzed with emphasis on the emission of H2O(+) ions. The fine angular resolution (1.5 arcsec) and the capability of absolute brightness calibration of the CCD instrument made it possible to determine the spatial concentration of the H2O(+) ions of this faint comet and the total number of these ions confined within a spherical region. Solar photoionization of the H2O atmosphere can account for the production of the H2O(+) ions observed in the confined region. The dimension of the H2O(+) ionosphere at the time of observation was found to be comparatively small, implying the possible existence of an ionopause sharply delineating the extension of the cometary ionosphere.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 (ISSN 0004-637X); 293; 609-615
    Format: text
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  • 6
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    Luminosity and spatial distribution of the forbidden O I 6300-A emission in comets (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The Tuttle, Stephan-Oterna, and Brooks 2 comets have been subjected to CCD observations of the 6300 and 6364 A forbidden oxygen lines, in order to determine the spatial profiles and absolute luminosities of the cometary forbidden O I lines. Analysis indicates the source of the observed O I photons to be direct photodissociation of water vapor. O 1D production by dissociation of OH becomes dominant at larger distances from the nucleus, and the water vapor production rates derived from O I emissions are found to be in good agreement with those determined from forbidden line OH by the IUE spacecraft, as well as ground-based photometry. It is demonstrated that analysis of cometary O 1D emission allows the determination of the spatial distribution of the parent molecule water vapor.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astronomical Journal (ISSN 0004-6256); 89; 1565-157
    Format: text
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