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  • Articles  (121)
  • Springer  (121)
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  • Articles  (121)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamical processes in the solar corona and interplanetary space (invited review) (1986)
    Springer
    Astrophysics and space science 118 (1986), S. 115-125 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-946X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Observations of the solar corona collected over the past decade are discussed from the point of view of short-term (〈1 day) and long-term (〉1 year) effects. Various phenomena are described, including coronal mass ejections, shock waves, and magnetic sector structures. It is argued that emerging magnetic flux is probably the prime cause of these phenomena, although the details of the interaction processes in the corona are not fully understood. Short-term changes are caused by the sudden release of energy in the lower corona or chromosphere. The prime cause is thought to be due to the build-up of highly sheared magnetic flux. Theoretical work of late has concentrated on attempting to explain the time-scales of flare events (〈10 s) in terms of magnetic reconnection. Other work has concentrated on attempting to explain observed features of coronal mass ejections which last for periods of several hours. Long-term changes last for several years and are characterized by the slow evolution of coronal structures, especially magnetic sectors, which extend into interplanetary space out and beyond the Earth. Recent observations place new restraints on the solar dynamo which is thought to be responsible for the emerging magnetic flux involved in these long-term changes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00651117
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Atom transfer mechanisms in oxidation processes (1959)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 15 (1959), S. 401-406 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The emphasis placed on electron transfer in connection with oxidation reactions has often resulted in these processes being considered as a group apart from the main class of chemical reactions. Although some oxidations, for example certain exchange reactions between ions in solution, can be reasonably described as electron transfer processes, there are very many other oxidations, whose mechanisms are much better described in the familiar terms of modern organic chemistry. The use of isotopes as tracers has shown, that many oxidations proceed with transfer of atoms or groups from oxidant to reductant andvice versa; the use of the kinetic isotope effect has shown that such transfer is seldom an incidental process, but is almost always a part of the slow step of the reaction. In this paper, oxidations involving the transfer of such species as oxygen atoms, hydride ions, hydrogen atoms, chlorine atoms, and hydroxyl radicals are discussed in terms of mechanism. An attempt is made to show that a graded series of mechanisms is possible ranging from what appear to be pure electron transfer processes at one end to certain atom transfer processes at the other. The latter group belong, in fact, in the familiar realm of ordinary chemical raactions, in which strong bonds are being broken and formed in the activated complex.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02158977
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Free electron laser (1982)
    Springer
    Applied physics 28 (1982), S. 150-154 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697840
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The accumulation and elimination of diflubenzuron by fish (1979)
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 21 (1979), S. 249-254 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01685419
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The volcanic history of Ruapehu during the past 2 millennia based on the record of Tufa Trig tephras (1997)
    Springer
    Bulletin of volcanology 59 (1997), S. 136-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0819
    Keywords: Key words Ruapehu ; Tufa Trig Formation ; Holocene ; Tephra ; Hydrovolcanic ; Pyroclast morphology ; Crater Lake ; Marker beds
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract  Tufa Trig Formation comprises a sequence of at least 19 andesitic tephras erupted from Mt. Ruapehu (Tongariro Volcanic Centre, New Zealand). Tephras of Tufa Trig Formation are the most recent eruptives from Ruapehu, dated between ca. 1850 years B.P. and the present. Members of the Formation show restricted dispersals, principally to the east of Mt. Ruapehu. Volumes calculated for the most widespread members are all less than 0.1 km3. Compared with other Mt. Ruapehu eruptives, Tufa Trig Formation tephras represent small eruptions that have contributed little tephra to the ring plain. They do, however, show a greater frequency of eruption with one event occurring on average every 100 years. Tufa Trig Formation members Tf3–Tf18 are black to dark grey, vitric, coarse-ash and lapilli-grade tephras which mantle the relief. They contain juvenile vitric particles which exhibit varying degrees of vesicularity, together with free crystals of pyroxene and feldspar, and few lithic fragments. Several morphological types of vitric pyroclasts are recognised in these tephras, the dominant type being of equant blocky morphology with fracture-bound surfaces (type-1 morphology). Field characteristics, tephra distributions, and the morphologies and textures of constituent pyroclasts suggest that these members (Tf3–Tf18) are the products of small-volume hydrovolcanic eruptions resulting from the interaction of fresh magma and meteoric water. We propose that a source of this water was an ancestral crater lake which formed within the late Holocene ca. 3000 years B.P. The morphological, compositional, and chemical (major-element) characteristics of three Tufa Trig Formation Tephras are compared with those of two new tephras erupted from Ruapehu Volcano during the October 1995 eruptions which comprise part of a newly defined member (Tf19) of Tufa Trig Formation. The comparisons support our interpretation that the majority of the Tufa Trig Formation tephras are primarily the products of hydrovolcanic eruptions. Other members of the Formation (Tf1 and Tf2) are coarse-grained scoriaceous tephras and are interpreted to be the products of strombolian events.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004450050181
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radio mapping of the heliospheric current sheet (1971)
    Springer
    Solar physics 109 (1971), S. 139-147 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-093X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Synoptic plots of solar radio noise storms in the interval 1973 to 1984 are described. The dividing line between opposite noise storm polarities appears to be a good representation of the heliospheric current sheet out to displacements in latitude of ∼ ± 50° from the solar equator. This result is surprising, because noise storms are closely associated with closed magnetic field regions near sunspots. The possibility that noise storm polarity is determined by mode coupling high in the corona, where field lines are open, can be ruled out by the available evidence. This leads us to conclude that it is the clustering in longitude of active region complexes which determines the sector structure of the interplanetary magnetic field.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00167404
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Factors controlling ammonia loss from trash covered sugarcane fields fertilized with urea (1992)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 31 (1992), S. 341-349 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: Nitrogen loss ; volatilization ; micrometeorology ; fertilizer efficiency ; evaporation ; urea hydrolysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Ammonia losses following surface applications of urea to trash covered sugar cane fields were investigated in four climatic zones of tropical Queensland. Volatilization of ammonia and evaporation of water were determined by micrometeorological techniques. The results showed that the pattern, rate and extent of ammonia loss were controlled by the availability of water in the trash and its evaporation. Water added by dewfall, rainfall or condensation of evaporated soil moisture dissolved some of the urea and allowed it to be hydrolyzed to ammonia by the urease enzyme in the sugarcane residues; when the water evaporated, ammonia was lost to the atmosphere. In the dry climatic zone, where no rain or dew fell, water addition to the trash by condensation of evaporated soil moisture was not sufficient to dissolve much urea so very little ammonia was lost. In the cool and warm moist zones, small additions of water to the trash from dew, light rain and condensation maintained a slow but steady pattern of ammonia loss over a period of six weeks and resulted in losses of 32% and 39% of the applied nitrogen. At the site in the wet zone, heavy rainfall apparently washed the urea from the trash layer into the soil and limited ammonia loss to 17% of the applied nitrogen. Substitution of ammonium sulfate for urea reduced ammonia loss to less than 1.8% of the applied nitrogen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01051285
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Culgoora radio and skylab euv observations of emerging magnetic flux in the lower corona (1986)
    Springer
    Solar physics 106 (1986), S. 107-130 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-093X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Detailed comparisons of Culgoora 160 MHz radioheliograms of solar noise storms and Skylab EUV spectroheliograms of coronal loop structures are presented. It is concluded that: (1) there is a close association between changes in large-scale magnetic fields in the corona and the onset or cessation of noise storms; (2) these coronal changes result from the emergence of new magnetic flux at the photospheric level; (3) although new magnetic flux at the photospheric level is often accompanied by an increase in flare activity the latter is not directly responsible for noise storm activity; rather the new magnetic flux diffuses slowly outwards through the corona at rates ∼1–2 km s−1 and produces noise storms at 160 MHz 1–2 days later; (4) the coronal density above or in large-scale EUV loop systems is sufficiently dense to account for noise storm emission at the fundamental plasma frequency; (5) the scatter in noise storm positions can be accounted for by the appearance and disappearance of individual loops in a system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00161358
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Properties of metre-wavelength solar bursts associated with coronal mass ejections (1986)
    Springer
    Solar physics 105 (1986), S. 149-171 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-093X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract An investigation is made to determine the relationship between a coronal mass ejection (CME) and the characteristics of associated metre-wave activity. It is found that (1) the CME width and leading edge velocity can be highly influential in determining the intensity, spectral complexity and frequency coverage of both type II and continuum bursts; (2) the presence of a CME is possibly a necessary condition for the production of a metric continuum event and (3) metric continuum bursts as well as intense, complex type II events are preferentially associated with strong, long lasting soft X-ray events.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00156384
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radio and soft X-ray evidence for dense non-potential magnetic flux tubes in the solar corona (1977)
    Springer
    Solar physics 55 (1977), S. 111-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-093X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The source positions of solar radio bursts of spectral types I, III(U) and III(J) and V observed by the Culgoora radioheliograph are found to lie almost radially above soft X-ray loops on pictures taken by the S-056 telescope aboard Skylab. The radio source positions and the X-ray loops occur near magnetic loops on computed potential field maps. However, the magnetic induction required to explain the radio observations is much greater than the computed potential field value at that height. Dense current-carrying magnetic flux tubes emanating from active regions on the Sun and extending to ≲ 1.5R ⊙ above the photosphere provide a satisfactory model for the radio bursts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00150878
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