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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Strength of solid pressure media and implications for high pressure apparatus (1971)
    Springer
    Contributions to mineralogy and petrology 30 (1971), S. 141-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The stress-strain properties of talc, pyrophyllite, silver chloride, sodium chloride, boron nitride and graphite have been measured under confining pressures up to 8 or 10 kb at room temperature, and, in the case of talc, also at temperatures up to 900° C. The extrapolation and application of these results to solid medium high pressure apparatus of pistoncylinder type is discussed and a calculation made of the correction to nominal pressure (“friction correction”), taking into account the stress gradients in the medium and the shearing between the medium and the cylinder wall. Correction to the nominal differential stress measured in solid medium stress-strain apparatus is also discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00372255
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of deep levels on current excitation in 6H-SiC diodes (1997)
    Springer
    Semiconductors 31 (1997), S. 1049-1052 
    Details
    ISSN: 1063-7826
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The results of an experimental study of deep levels in the p-base of 6H-SiC diodes are presented. A deep level of unknown origin, with ionization energy E c -1.45 eV, acts as an effective recombination center for minority carriers, and controls recombination processes. A level with ionization energy E c -0.16 eV is attributed to a nitrogen donor impurity. Electron capture and thermal activation processes associated with this level substantially extend the duration of current relaxation in the p-n junction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/1.1187023
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Complotypes in individuals of African origin: frequencies and possible extended MHC haplotypes (1990)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 31 (1990), S. 89-93 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We analyzed the frequency distribution of 106 complotypes [four allele sets of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes for the complement proteins factor B, C2, C4A, and C4B] from 32 Black families residing in Boston and Washington, DC. Twenty-five different complotypes were identified, among which there were four complotypes that had not been previously observed in our large database of complotypes compiled from family studies of Boston Caucasians and that are, presumably, unique to individuals of African origin. These four African-derived complotypes areFC(1,90)0, FC63, S1C2,17, andSC(3,2,90)0. The frequencies of two of these four unique Black complotypes,FC(1,90)0 andFC63, were increased significantly when compared to Caucasians (pcorr 〈0.00042, pcorr=0.00294, respectively). The complotypeFC(1,90)0 was in positive linkage disequilibrium withHLA-DR3 haplotypes containing theB locus antigens Bw42, Bw52, Bw53, and Bw58, whileFC63 was associated withHLA-Bw70,-DR5. These findings demonstrate the extensive polymorphism of complotypes in Blacks, and also suggest that it may be possible to define unique extended haplotypes of African origin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00661218
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    HLA-DQ RFLP variants of five HLA-DQw2-bearing major histocompatability complex extended haplotypes (1990)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 32 (1990), S. 88-95 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We have analyzed genomic DNA in a large number of independent examples of five HLA-DQw2-bearing extended haplotypes for their associated subtypes by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) using DRB, DQA, and DQB probes after Taq I and Pst I digestion and Southern blotting. In addition to three previously described HLA-DQw2 subtypes, DQw2a, DQw2b, and DQw2c, we observed a fourth subtype, HLA-DQw2d, characterized by 5.8 kilobase (kb) DRB/Taq I, 2.4, 2.3, and 1.8 kb DQB/Taq I, and 8.0 and 2.3 kb DQA/Pst I fragments. All 22 independent examples of the extended haplotype [HLA-B8,SCO1,DR3] carried DQw2a and all 11 independent examples of [HLA-B18,F1C30,DR3] carried DQw2b. In addition, all independent examples (21 and 4, respectively) of two DR7-carrying extended haplotypes, [HLA-B44,FC31,DR7] and [HLA-Bw47,FC91,0,DR7], carried DQw2c and all independent examples of [HLA-Bw57,SC61,DR7] carried DQw2d. Our results show that the DNA in the DR/DQ region of extended haplotypes is relatively fixed and that different DQw2 subtypes characterize different DQw2-bearing extended haplotypes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00210445
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Association of polymorphisms in the HLA-B region with extended haplotypes (1991)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 33 (1991), S. 4-11 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Genomic probes from the HLA-B region of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) were used to study the association of restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) with various MHC alleles, complotypes, and extended haplotypes. The two DNA probes, M20A and R5A, were derived from previously cloned cosmids and are located 38 and 110 kilobases (kb) centromeric to HLa-B, respectively. Five different RFLP variants occuring in five different haplotypic combinations were detected within a panel of 40 homozygous-typing cells and cells from 21 families using Bst EII. In two informative families with HLA-B/DR recombinations the inheritance of the RFLP variants was consistent with their mapping between HLA-B and complotypes. The R5A/M20A haplotypic pattern 6.5 kb/3.0 kb (A) had a normal Caucasian frequency of approximately 0.43 and was found in all independent examples of the extended haplotypes [HLA-B8,SC01,DR3], [HLA-B18,F1C30, DR3], [HLa-Bw62,SC33,Dr4], [HLa-B44,SC30,Dr4], and [HLA-Bw47,FC91,0DR7]. The patterns of 6.9 kb/ 3.0 kb (B), 6.5 kb/4.7 kb (C), 1.45 kb/3.0 kb (D), and 6.9 kb/4.7 kb (E) had normal Caucasian frequencies of approximately 0.23, 0.15, 0.15, and 0.04 and were found on all independent examples of [HLA-B38,SC21, DR4], [HLA-Bw57,SC61,DR7], [HLA-B7,SC31,DR2], and [HLA-B44,FC31,DR7], respectively. Individual complotypes or HLA-B alleles which were markers of extended haplotypes showed variable associations. For example, HLA-B7 and the complotype SC31 were associated with all R5A/M20A RFLP haplotypes except haplotype E, although [HLA-B7,SC31,DR7] was associated exclusively with haplotype D. HLA-B27, not known to be part of an extended haplotype, was suprisingly exclusively associated with the 6.5 kb/4.7 kb or C haplotypic pattern in all five instances tested. These findings support the concept of regional conservation of DNA on independent examples of extended haplotypes. The results also further characterize these haplotypes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00211689
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    IEF patterns of HLA-1313 antigens from Orientals and Caucasians (1985)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 21 (1985), S. 125-134 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract HLA-B 13 antigens were isolated from metabolically labeled cell extracts from Caucasian and Oriental donors by means of an HLA-B13-specific monoclonal antibody, SY1. Ethnic differences in B13 molecules were identified by one-dimensional isoelectric focusing in which the pI of desialated Oriental B13 molecules was found to be higher than that of Caucasians. An additional Caucasian variant pattern was detected by peptide mapping using limited proteolysis in sodium dodecyl sulfate analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Dual allotypic determinants for B13 molecules were recognized by two HLA-B13-specific monoclonal antibodies, SY1 and TU110, as determined by their sensitivity to complement-dependent cell lysis. Whereas the SY1 target epitope was shared by both ethnic B13 molecules, the two ethnic B13 molecules carried different Tu110 target structures. The Caucasian variant molecules appear to carry altered allotypic determinants which are recognized by both SY1 and Tu110 antibodies. This study suggests that the HLA-1313 private structure may comprise two epitopes recognized by SY1 and Tü 110 antibodies, respectively, whose binding sites overlap. Present data also suggest that the private determinant was already present when the two racial groups diverged, and thus the mutations which gave rise to the variants may be of relatively recent origin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00364864
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Linkage disequilibrium of HLA-SB1 with the HLA-A1, B8, DR3, SCO1 and of HLA-SB4 with the HLA-A26, Bw38, Dw10, DR4, SC21 extended haplotypes (1984)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 20 (1984), S. 623-631 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Homozygous typing cells from 13 normal HLA-A1, B8, Dw3, DR3 and five normal HLA-A26, Bw38, Dw10, DR4 individuals were typed for the following markers: HLA-SB, MB, MT; complement proteins BF, C2, C4A, C4B; and GLO. Ninety-one percent of A1, B8, Dw3, DR3 homozygous individuals (HI) tested were homozygous for BF * S, C2 * C, C4A * QO, and C4B *1 (SCO1 complotype), which indicates that the SCO1 complotype is in linkage disequilibrium with the A1, B8, DR3 haplotype in randomly selected normal populations. Sixty-seven percent of HLA-A1, B8, Dw3, DR3, SCO1 positive HI also expressed SB1; since the frequency of SB 1 in random Caucasian populations is 11.2%, this finding indicates that SB1 is in linkage disequilibrium with the A1, B8, DR3, SCO1 extended haplotype. All HI with the A26, Bw38, Dw10, DR4 haplotype were homozygous for both SC21 and SB4, suggesting that SC21 and SB4 should be included in the A26, Bw38, Dw10, DR4 extended haplotype. On the other hand, neither of the GLO markers were found in association with either haplotype. The results of this study indicate that HLA-SB is included in some extended haplotypes and may be important in these markers for diseases such as insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. This study also demonstrated an apparent influence of HLA-SB on primary mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) responses. The mean relative response of primary MLCs between individuals matched for HLA-A, B, D, DR, MB and MT but not SB was 40% of that for the MLCs with mismatched HLA-D, significantly higher than the MLCs matched for all HLA and complotypes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00430320
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    There are two C4 genetic loci and a null allele in the chimpanzee (1987)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 26 (1987), S. 344-350 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Genetic polymorphism in C4 in the chimpanzee was studied by agarose gel electrophoresis of desialated plasma and development of patterns by immunofixation with antiserum to human C4 and by a C4-sensitive hemolytic overlay. In general, immunofixation patterns showed multiple partially overlapping bands of which only the most cathodal had strong hemolytic activity. In analogy to human C4, the latter were designated C4B, whereas those detected by immunofixation which had little hemolytic activity were designated C4A. Chimp C4A and C4B reacted with human and mouse (monoclonal) anti-C4B and human anti-Ch1 but neither reacted with monoclonal anti-C4A or human anti-Ch2, Ch3, Rg1, or Rg2. On sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the alpha chain of C4B showed a slightly lower apparent relative mass than that of C4A at around M r 93 000. There were three C4A variants and two C4B variants inherited in families as autosomal codominant traits, as C4A-C4B cosegregating pairs with no detectable crossing-over. These pairs were inherited with chimpanzee leukocyte antigen types C2 and BF variants without detectable crossing-over. Half-null C4 haplotypes with C4B *Q0 were observed in family studies. Nine BF, C2, C4A, C4B allelic haplotypic combinations (complotypes) were identified among presumably unrelated chimpanzees.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00343702
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular analysis distinguishes two HLA-DR3-bearing major histocompatibility complex extended haplotypes (1987)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 26 (1987), S. 370-374 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We detected restriction fragment length polymorphisms that distinguish the extended haplotype HLA-B8,DR3,SCO1 from HLA-B18,DR3,F1C30 at the DR beta and DQ beta loci with five of seven restriction endonucleases used. One set of restriction fragments was always found on HLA-B8,DR3,SCO1 and associated with DRw52a, while the other was present on HLA-B18, DR3,F1C30 and correlated with DRw52b (the gene encoding the subtype of DRw52 associated with the BO1 or LB-Q1 antigen). Furthermore, using a full-length DQ beta gene probe, we found division in the DQw2 haplotype, in which DQw2a always associated with HLA-B8, DR3,SCO1, while DQw2b always occurred with HLA-B18,DR3,F1C3O. Our evidence thus indicates that serologically defined HLA-DR3, HLA-DRw52, and HLA-DQw2 are each produced by two structurally very different sets of genes, one set occurring in HLA-B8, DR3,SCO1, and the other in HLA-B18,DR3,F1C30.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00343707
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    C4B gene polymorphisms among African and African-American HLA-Bw42-DRw18 haplotypes (1991)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 34 (1991), S. 52-56 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00212312
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