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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 15 (1976), S. 1873-1875 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 100 (1967), S. 1593-1601 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Styrol liefert ausschließlich 1.3.5-Triphenyl-†2-pyrazolin (2); elektronen-liefernde oder -anziehende Kernsubstitution ändert die Eindeutigkeit der Orientierung nicht (3-6). Bei Anethol un dβ-Isopropyl-styrol werden beide Additionsrichtungen beschritten (7-10). Dies gilt auch für %bT-Methoxy-, β-Brom- udn β-Nitro-styrol; die aus der HX-Eliminierung hervorgehenden Gemische von 1.3.5- und 1.3.4-Triphenyl-pyrazol (11, 12) werden analysiert. Die Orientierung bei der Anlagerung an kernsubstituierte Stilbene verrät nur geringe elektronische Substituentenwirkung. 1.1-Diephenyl-äthylen liefert ausschließlich 1.3.5.5-Tetraphenyl-Δ2-pyrazolin (19); auch mit C-Phenyl-N-[2.4.6-tribrom-phenyl]-nitrilimin läßt sich die zweite mögliche Additionsrichtung nicht erzwingen.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 100 (1967), S. 60-70 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Rasche Folgereaktionen vereitelten bislang die Isolierung substituierter Nitrilimine. Benz-phenylhydrazid-chlorid (3) tauscht nur in Anwesenheit von Triäthylamin mit Triäthylammoniumchlorid-36Cl das Chlor aus. Identische Orientierungsverhältnisse bei Cycloadditionen an Zimtsäure-methylester bzw. Crotonsäure-methylester sowie übereinstimmende Konkurrenzkonstanten bei der Umsetzung mit Dipolarophilen-Paaren beweisen das Auftreten ein und derselben Zwischenstufe bei folgenden Reaktionen: Thermolyse und Photolyse des 2.5-Diphenyl-tetrazols (1), Umsetzungen von Benz-phenylhydrazid-chlorid (3) mit tert. Amin sowie von [α-Nitro-benzyliden]-phenylhydrazin (8) mit Triäthylamin und Natriumjodid. Nur das freie Diphenylnitrilimin genügt den strukturellen Anforderungen.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 116 (1983), S. 3039-3061 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: 1,3-Dipolar Cycloadditions, 88. C-Methyl-N-phenylnitrilimine and the Regiochemistry of its CycloadditionsThe title compound, a representative of the little known C-alkylnitrilimines, is accessible by three routes: NaNO2 elimination from sodium (α-nitroethylidene)phenylhydrazine in boiling acetonitrile, photolysis of 5-methyl-2-phenyltetrazole, and the thermolysis of this tetrazole at 160-180°C. Pros and cons of these methods are considered in the report on the cycloadditions to numerous olefinic and acetylenic dipolarophiles. Structures and yields of the 2-pyrazolines and pyrazoles formed are determined. Methyl acrylate, crotonate and cinnamate as well as acetylenic carboxylic esters give rise to pairs of regioisomeric adducts. The independence of the product ratio on the precursor demonstrates the occurrence of a common intermediate, the C-methyl-N-phenyl-nitrilimine. The deviation observed in the case of methyl propiolate deserves attention.
    Notes: Das im Titel genannte Nitrilimin wird als Vertreter der nahezu unbekannten C-Alkylnitrilimine auf drei Wegen zugänglich gemacht: Zerfall des Natrium-(α-nitroethyliden)phenylhydrazins in siedendem Acetonitril, Photolyse des 5-Methyl-2-phenyltetrazols sowie Thermolyse dieses Tetrazols bei 160-180°C. Vor- und Nachteile dieser Methoden werden erörtert anhand der Cycloadditionen an zahlreiche olefinische und acetylenische Dipolarophile. Die gebildeten 2-Pyrazoline und Pyrazole werden in Struktur und Ausbeute bestimmt. Acrylsäureester und seine β-substituierten Abkömmlinge sowie acetylenische Carbonsäureester liefern Paare regioisomerer Addukte. Die Unabhängigkeit des Produktverhältnisses von der Methode der Freisetzung des C-Methyl-N-phenylnitrilimins belegt das Auftreten der gemeinsamen Zwischenstufe; Abweichungen wie im Fall des Propiolsäureesters verdienen Aufmerksamkeit.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 116 (1983), S. 3062-3070 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: 1,3-Dipolar Cycloadditions, 89. New Contributions to the Chemistry of DiphenylnitrilimineMethyl propiolate, tetrolate, and phenylpropiolate combine with diphenylnitrilimine (1) to afford regioisomeric cycloadducts; the preferential orientation shifts in the sequence given from the pyrazole-5-carboxylic ester to the 4-carboxylic ester. Corresponding isomer ratios substantiate the occurrence of 1 in the reaction of (α-chlorobenzylidene)phenylhydrazine + triethylamine and in the photolysis or thermolysis of 2,5-diphenyltetrazole. - Chloroethylenes and 1 furnish 5-chloropyrazolines which eliminate HCl. - The sodium salt of (α-nitrobenzylidene)phenylhydrazine likewise is a source of 1. The electrophilic propiolic ester gives rise to an adduct mixture which is richer in methyl 1,3-diphenylpyrazole-4-carboxylate than that characteristic of 1, thus suggesting a second reaction pathway.
    Notes: Propiolsäure-, Tetrolsäure- und Phenylpropiolsäureester treten mit Diphenylnitrilimin (1) zu den beiden regioisomeren Cycloaddukten zusammen, wobei sich die Vorzugsorientierung in der genannten Folge vom Pyrazol-5-carbonsäureester zum -4-carbonsäureester verschiebt. Gleiche Isomerenverhältnisse belegen das Auftreten von 1 bei der Reaktion des (α-Chlorbenzyliden)-phenylhydrazins mit Triethylamin sowie bei der Photolyse oder Thermolyse des 2,5-Diphenyltetrazols. - Chlorierte Ethylene vereinigen sich mit 1 zu 5-Chlorpyrazolinen, die HCl abgeben. - Auch das Natriumsalz des (α-Nitrobenzyliden)phenylhydrazins bietet eine Quelle für 1. Abweichungen vom üblichen Orientierungsverhalten beobachtet man bei Propiolsäure-methylester; höhere Gehalte am 1,3-Diphenylpyrazol-4-carbonsäureester weisen auf einen zusätzlichen Reaktionsweg.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 14 (1970), S. 1093-1101 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The reaction of phenyl isocyanate with phthalic anhydride to form N-phenylphthalimide is strongly solvent dependent and catalyzed by tertiary amines. Water and alcohol promote imide formation, but Lewis acids and organometallic compounds are ineffective. In DMSO solvent, benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride (BTDA) and polymethylene polyphenol isocyanate (PAPI) polymerize with the evolution of carbon dioxide to yield a foamed polyimide. The solvent-freed open-celled foams exhibit exceptional fire resistance and thermal stability.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 41 (1995), S. 604-618 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: By “reverse engineering” the functions of a specific biological system, habituating control strategies are developed for process control applications. A habituating control system has the distinguishing property of more more manipulated inputs than controlled outputs; with the inputs differing significantly in their dynamic effect on the outputs and in the relative costs of manipulating each one. A habituating controller coordinates the use of all the available inputs to achieve high-performance output objectives while simulatneously minimizing the cost of taking control action.The “baroreceptor reflex,” the control system responsible for short-term blood pressure regulation, provides the biological paradigm for the analysis and design of the habituating control structure. Its main characteristics are discussed from a process control perspective, indicating that the robust, high-performance control, characteristic of biological systems is partly due to such habituating control architectures. The broad range of potential process applications is illustrated with two examples. Two basic strategies are presented for the design of habituating controllers for linear systems with two inputs and one output: the direct synthesis approach and the model predictive approach. Compared to previous techniques for multiple-input, single-output systems, the direct synthesis strategy is straightforward and systematic. Simulation results demonstrate the superior performance of habituating control compared to conventional techniques for which the number of inputs and outputs are equal.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 17 (1975), S. 279-283 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 15 (1973), S. 693-705 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The use of an air operated extreme pressure hydraulic pump for continuous cell disintegration is described, together with figures obtained for soluble protein released from suspensions of commercially obtained baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae).
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 17 (1975), S. 1065-1081 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The dynamics of a system of two microbial populations having complementary metabolism are investigated by means of simple mathematical models of growth. Complementary metabolism as used here means that each population produces a substance - not present in the initial or feed medium - required by the other for growth. The simple models indicate that (1) something other than lack of the substrate or growth factor produced by its partner must limit the growth of at least one population and (2) the coexistence steady state of such populations in continuous culture is not stable with respect to large perturbations, though it is stable with respect to a wide range of perturbations.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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