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  • Geologic Sediments  (7)
  • Animals  (6)
  • *Fossils  (5)
  • Geosciences (General)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (15)
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  • 1
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    Proterozoic ocean chemistry and evolution: a bioinorganic bridge? (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-08-17
    Description: Recent data imply that for much of the Proterozoic Eon (2500 to 543 million years ago), Earth's oceans were moderately oxic at the surface and sulfidic at depth. Under these conditions, biologically important trace metals would have been scarce in most marine environments, potentially restricting the nitrogen cycle, affecting primary productivity, and limiting the ecological distribution of eukaryotic algae. Oceanic redox conditions and their bioinorganic consequences may thus help to explain observed patterns of Proterozoic evolution.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Anbar, A D -- Knoll, A H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Aug 16;297(5584):1137-42.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA. anbar@earth.rochester.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12183619" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Archaea/growth & development/metabolism ; Bacteria/growth & development/metabolism ; *Biological Evolution ; *Ecosystem ; *Eukaryota/growth & development/metabolism ; Fossils ; Geologic Sediments/chemistry ; Iron/analysis/chemistry/metabolism ; Nitrogen/analysis/chemistry/metabolism ; Oceans and Seas ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxygen/analysis/chemistry/metabolism ; *Seawater ; Sulfides/analysis/chemistry/metabolism ; Trace Elements/chemistry/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Early animal evolution: emerging views from comparative biology and geology (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-06-26
    Description: The Cambrian appearance of fossils representing diverse phyla has long inspired hypotheses about possible genetic or environmental catalysts of early animal evolution. Only recently, however, have data begun to emerge that can resolve the sequence of genetic and morphological innovations, environmental events, and ecological interactions that collectively shaped Cambrian evolution. Assembly of the modern genetic tool kit for development and the initial divergence of major animal clades occurred during the Proterozoic Eon. Crown group morphologies diversified in the Cambrian through changes in the genetic regulatory networks that organize animal ontogeny. Cambrian radiation may have been triggered by environmental perturbation near the Proterozoic-Cambrian boundary and subsequently amplified by ecological interactions within reorganized ecosystems.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Knoll, A H -- Carroll, S B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jun 25;284(5423):2129-37.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 26 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10381872" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Ecosystem ; *Fossils ; Genes, Homeobox ; *Geologic Sediments ; Oxygen ; *Paleontology ; Phylogeny
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    A bangiophyte red alga from the Proterozoic of arctic Canada (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-10-05
    Description: Silicified peritidal carbonate rocks of the 1250- to 750-million-year-old Hunting Formation, Somerset Island, arctic Canada, contain fossils of well-preserved bangiophyte red algae. Morphological details, especially the presence of multiseriate filaments composed of radially arranged wedge-shaped cells derived by longitudinal divisions from disc-shaped cells in uniseriate filaments, indicate that the fossils are related to extant species in the genus Bangia. Such taxonomic resolution distinguishes these fossils from other pre-Ediacaran eukaryotes and contributes to growing evidence that multicellular algae diversified well before the Ediacaran radiation of large animals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Butterfield, N J -- Knoll, A H -- Swett, K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Oct 5;250:104-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Botanical Museum, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11538072" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biological Evolution ; Canada ; *Fossils ; Geological Phenomena ; Geology ; Paleontology ; Rhodophyta/*classification/cytology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Ferruginous conditions dominated later neoproterozoic deep-water chemistry (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-07-19
    Description: Earth's surface chemical environment has evolved from an early anoxic condition to the oxic state we have today. Transitional between an earlier Proterozoic world with widespread deep-water anoxia and a Phanerozoic world with large oxygen-utilizing animals, the Neoproterozoic Era [1000 to 542 million years ago (Ma)] plays a key role in this history. The details of Neoproterozoic Earth surface oxygenation, however, remain unclear. We report that through much of the later Neoproterozoic (〈742 +/- 6 Ma), anoxia remained widespread beneath the mixed layer of the oceans; deeper water masses were sometimes sulfidic but were mainly Fe2+-enriched. These ferruginous conditions marked a return to ocean chemistry not seen for more than one billion years of Earth history.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Canfield, Donald E -- Poulton, Simon W -- Knoll, Andrew H -- Narbonne, Guy M -- Ross, Gerry -- Goldberg, Tatiana -- Strauss, Harald -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Aug 15;321(5891):949-52. doi: 10.1126/science.1154499. Epub 2008 Jul 17.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Nordic Center for Earth Evolution and Institute of Biology, Campusvej 55, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark. dec@biology.sdu.dk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18635761" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Atmosphere ; Geologic Sediments/*chemistry ; Ice Cover ; Iron/*analysis ; Oceans and Seas ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxygen/*analysis ; Seawater/*chemistry ; Sulfates/analysis ; Sulfides/analysis ; Time
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Comment on "Fossilized nuclei and germination structures identify Ediacaran 'animal embryos' as encysting protists" (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-03-10
    Description: On the basis of putative nuclei and endospores, Huldtgren et al. (Reports, 23 December 2011, p. 1696) propose that embryo-like Doushantuo microfossils are nonmetazoan holozoans akin to mesomycetozoeans. However, both size and preservation preclude interpretation of internal structures as nuclei. Moreover, the authors may have conflated two different populations; some specimens display a pseudoparenchymatous organization incompatible with a mesomycetozoean comparison.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Xiao, Shuhai -- Knoll, Andrew H -- Schiffbauer, James D -- Zhou, Chuanming -- Yuan, Xunlai -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Mar 9;335(6073):1169; author reply 1169. doi: 10.1126/science.1218814.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Geosciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA. xiao@vt.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22403373" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Nucleus/*ultrastructure ; Eukaryota/*growth & development ; *Fossils
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    In situ evidence for an ancient aqueous environment at Meridiani Planum, Mars (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-12-04
    Description: Sedimentary rocks at Eagle crater in Meridiani Planum are composed of fine-grained siliciclastic materials derived from weathering of basaltic rocks, sulfate minerals (including magnesium sulfate and jarosite) that constitute several tens of percent of the rock by weight, and hematite. Cross-stratification observed in rock outcrops indicates eolian and aqueous transport. Diagenetic features include hematite-rich concretions and crystal-mold vugs. We interpret the rocks to be a mixture of chemical and siliciclastic sediments with a complex diagenetic history. The environmental conditions that they record include episodic inundation by shallow surface water, evaporation, and desiccation. The geologic record at Meridiani Planum suggests that conditions were suitable for biological activity for a period of time in martian history.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Squyres, S W -- Grotzinger, J P -- Arvidson, R E -- Bell, J F 3rd -- Calvin, W -- Christensen, P R -- Clark, B C -- Crisp, J A -- Farrand, W H -- Herkenhoff, K E -- Johnson, J R -- Klingelhofer, G -- Knoll, A H -- McLennan, S M -- McSween, H Y Jr -- Morris, R V -- Rice, J W Jr -- Rieder, R -- Soderblom, L A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 3;306(5702):1709-14.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA. squyres@astrosun.tn.cornell.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15576604" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Exobiology ; Extraterrestrial Environment ; Ferric Compounds ; Geologic Sediments ; Life ; *Mars ; Minerals ; Silicates ; Spacecraft ; Spectrum Analysis ; Sulfates ; Sulfur ; *Water
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    The Opportunity Rover's Athena science investigation at Meridiani Planum, Mars (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-12-04
    Description: The Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity has investigated the landing site in Eagle crater and the nearby plains within Meridiani Planum. The soils consist of fine-grained basaltic sand and a surface lag of hematite-rich spherules, spherule fragments, and other granules. Wind ripples are common. Underlying the thin soil layer, and exposed within small impact craters and troughs, are flat-lying sedimentary rocks. These rocks are finely laminated, are rich in sulfur, and contain abundant sulfate salts. Small-scale cross-lamination in some locations provides evidence for deposition in flowing liquid water. We interpret the rocks to be a mixture of chemical and siliciclastic sediments formed by episodic inundation by shallow surface water, followed by evaporation, exposure, and desiccation. Hematite-rich spherules are embedded in the rock and eroding from them. We interpret these spherules to be concretions formed by postdepositional diagenesis, again involving liquid water.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Squyres, S W -- Arvidson, R E -- Bell, J F 3rd -- Bruckner, J -- Cabrol, N A -- Calvin, W -- Carr, M H -- Christensen, P R -- Clark, B C -- Crumpler, L -- Marais, D J Des -- d'Uston, C -- Economou, T -- Farmer, J -- Farrand, W -- Folkner, W -- Golombek, M -- Gorevan, S -- Grant, J A -- Greeley, R -- Grotzinger, J -- Haskin, L -- Herkenhoff, K E -- Hviid, S -- Johnson, J -- Klingelhofer, G -- Knoll, A H -- Landis, G -- Lemmon, M -- Li, R -- Madsen, M B -- Malin, M C -- McLennan, S M -- McSween, H Y -- Ming, D W -- Moersch, J -- Morris, R V -- Parker, T -- Rice, J W Jr -- Richter, L -- Rieder, R -- Sims, M -- Smith, M -- Smith, P -- Soderblom, L A -- Sullivan, R -- Wanke, H -- Wdowiak, T -- Wolff, M -- Yen, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 3;306(5702):1698-703.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Astronomy, Space Sciences Building, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA. squyres@astro.cornell.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15576602" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Atmosphere ; Evolution, Planetary ; Extraterrestrial Environment ; Ferric Compounds ; Geologic Sediments ; *Mars ; Minerals ; Silicates ; Spacecraft ; Water ; Wind
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Evidence from Opportunity's Microscopic Imager for water on Meridiani Planum (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-12-04
    Description: The Microscopic Imager on the Opportunity rover analyzed textures of soils and rocks at Meridiani Planum at a scale of 31 micrometers per pixel. The uppermost millimeter of some soils is weakly cemented, whereas other soils show little evidence of cohesion. Rock outcrops are laminated on a millimeter scale; image mosaics of cross-stratification suggest that some sediments were deposited by flowing water. Vugs in some outcrop faces are probably molds formed by dissolution of relatively soluble minerals during diagenesis. Microscopic images support the hypothesis that hematite-rich spherules observed in outcrops and soils also formed diagenetically as concretions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Herkenhoff, K E -- Squyres, S W -- Arvidson, R -- Bass, D S -- Bell, J F 3rd -- Bertelsen, P -- Ehlmann, B L -- Farrand, W -- Gaddis, L -- Greeley, R -- Grotzinger, J -- Hayes, A G -- Hviid, S F -- Johnson, J R -- Jolliff, B -- Kinch, K M -- Knoll, A H -- Madsen, M B -- Maki, J N -- McLennan, S M -- McSween, H Y -- Ming, D W -- Rice, J W Jr -- Richter, L -- Sims, M -- Smith, P H -- Soderblom, L A -- Spanovich, N -- Sullivan, R -- Thompson, S -- Wdowiak, T -- Weitz, C -- Whelley, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 3;306(5702):1727-30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉U.S. Geological Survey Astrogeology Team, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA. kherkenhoff@usgs.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15576607" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Extraterrestrial Environment ; Ferric Compounds ; Geologic Sediments ; *Mars ; Minerals ; Silicates ; Spacecraft ; *Water
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Large perturbations of the carbon cycle during recovery from the end-permian extinction (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-07-27
    Description: High-resolution carbon isotope measurements of multiple stratigraphic sections in south China demonstrate that the pronounced carbon isotopic excursion at the Permian-Triassic boundary was not an isolated event but the first in a series of large fluctuations that continued throughout the Early Triassic before ending abruptly early in the Middle Triassic. The unusual behavior of the carbon cycle coincides with the delayed recovery from end-Permian extinction recorded by fossils, suggesting a direct relationship between Earth system function and biological rediversification in the aftermath of Earth's most devastating mass extinction.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Payne, Jonathan L -- Lehrmann, Daniel J -- Wei, Jiayong -- Orchard, Michael J -- Schrag, Daniel P -- Knoll, Andrew H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jul 23;305(5683):506-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, 20 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. jpayne@fas.harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15273391" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biodiversity ; Calcification, Physiologic ; Carbon/*analysis/metabolism ; Carbon Isotopes/analysis ; China ; *Ecosystem ; Eukaryota ; *Fossils ; Geologic Sediments/*chemistry ; Invertebrates/anatomy & histology ; Methane/analysis ; Oxygen ; Time
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    Soils of Eagle crater and Meridiani Planum at the Opportunity Rover landing site (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-12-04
    Description: The soils at the Opportunity site are fine-grained basaltic sands mixed with dust and sulfate-rich outcrop debris. Hematite is concentrated in spherules eroded from the strata. Ongoing saltation exhumes the spherules and their fragments, concentrating them at the surface. Spherules emerge from soils coated, perhaps from subsurface cementation, by salts. Two types of vesicular clasts may represent basaltic sand sources. Eolian ripples, armored by well-sorted hematite-rich grains, pervade Meridiani Planum. The thickness of the soil on the plain is estimated to be about a meter. The flatness and thin cover suggest that the plain may represent the original sedimentary surface.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Soderblom, L A -- Anderson, R C -- Arvidson, R E -- Bell, J F 3rd -- Cabrol, N A -- Calvin, W -- Christensen, P R -- Clark, B C -- Economou, T -- Ehlmann, B L -- Farrand, W H -- Fike, D -- Gellert, R -- Glotch, T D -- Golombek, M P -- Greeley, R -- Grotzinger, J P -- Herkenhoff, K E -- Jerolmack, D J -- Johnson, J R -- Jolliff, B -- Klingelhofer, G -- Knoll, A H -- Learner, Z A -- Li, R -- Malin, M C -- McLennan, S M -- McSween, H Y -- Ming, D W -- Morris, R V -- Rice, J W Jr -- Richter, L -- Rieder, R -- Rodionov, D -- Schroder, C -- Seelos, F P 4th -- Soderblom, J M -- Squyres, S W -- Sullivan, R -- Watters, W A -- Weitz, C M -- Wyatt, M B -- Yen, A -- Zipfel, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 3;306(5702):1723-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉U.S. Geological Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA. lsoderblom@usgs.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15576606" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Extraterrestrial Environment ; Ferric Compounds ; Geologic Sediments ; *Mars ; Minerals ; Silicates ; Spacecraft ; Spectrum Analysis ; Water
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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