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  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (6)
  • Geological Society of America (GSA)  (1)
  • Mary Ann Liebert  (1)
  • 1
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    Archean molecular fossils and the early rise of eukaryotes (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1999-08-14
    Beschreibung: Molecular fossils of biological lipids are preserved in 2700-million-year-old shales from the Pilbara Craton, Australia. Sequential extraction of adjacent samples shows that these hydrocarbon biomarkers are indigenous and syngenetic to the Archean shales, greatly extending the known geological range of such molecules. The presence of abundant 2alpha-methylhopanes, which are characteristic of cyanobacteria, indicates that oxygenic photosynthesis evolved well before the atmosphere became oxidizing. The presence of steranes, particularly cholestane and its 28- to 30-carbon analogs, provides persuasive evidence for the existence of eukaryotes 500 million to 1 billion years before the extant fossil record indicates that the lineage arose.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brocks, J J -- Logan, G A -- Buick, R -- Summons, R E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Aug 13;285(5430):1033-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Geosciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. jochen.brocks@agso.gov.au〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10446042" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Atmosphere ; Australia ; *Biological Evolution ; Biomarkers/analysis ; Cholestanes/analysis ; Cyanobacteria/physiology ; Eukaryotic Cells/*physiology ; Fossils ; Geologic Sediments/*chemistry ; Hydrocarbons/*analysis ; Lipids/*analysis ; Paleontology ; Photosynthesis ; Steroids/*analysis ; Triterpenes/*analysis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
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    The antiquity of oxygenic photosynthesis: evidence from stromatolites in sulphate-deficient Archaean lakes (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1992-01-03
    Beschreibung: The Tumbiana Formation, about 2700 million years old, was largely deposited in ephemeral saline lakes, as judged by the unusual evaporite paragenesis of carbonate and halite with no sulfate. Stromatolites of diverse morphology occur in the lacustrine sediments, some with palimpsest fabrics after erect filaments. These stromatolites were probably accreted by phototropic microbes that, from their habitat in shallow isolated basins with negligible sulfate concentrations, almost certainly metabolized by ozygenic photosynthesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Buick, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Jan 3;255(5040):74-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Botanical Museum, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11536492" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Archaea ; Australia ; Bacteria ; *Biological Evolution ; Carbonates/analysis/chemistry/metabolism ; Earth (Planet) ; *Environmental Microbiology ; *Evolution, Planetary ; *Fossils ; Fresh Water ; Geologic Sediments/*analysis/microbiology ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Paleontology ; Photosynthesis/*physiology ; Sodium Chloride/analysis ; Sulfates/analysis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    A whiff of oxygen before the great oxidation event? (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2007-09-29
    Beschreibung: High-resolution chemostratigraphy reveals an episode of enrichment of the redox-sensitive transition metals molybdenum and rhenium in the late Archean Mount McRae Shale in Western Australia. Correlations with organic carbon indicate that these metals were derived from contemporaneous seawater. Rhenium/osmium geochronology demonstrates that the enrichment is a primary sedimentary feature dating to 2501 +/- 8 million years ago (Ma). Molybdenum and rhenium were probably supplied to Archean oceans by oxidative weathering of crustal sulfide minerals. These findings point to the presence of small amounts of O2 in the environment more than 50 million years before the start of the Great Oxidation Event.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Anbar, Ariel D -- Duan, Yun -- Lyons, Timothy W -- Arnold, Gail L -- Kendall, Brian -- Creaser, Robert A -- Kaufman, Alan J -- Gordon, Gwyneth W -- Scott, Clinton -- Garvin, Jessica -- Buick, Roger -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Sep 28;317(5846):1903-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA. anbar@asu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17901330" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Australia ; Geologic Sediments/*chemistry ; Isotopes/analysis ; Molybdenum/analysis ; Oceans and Seas ; Osmium/analysis ; Oxidation-Reduction ; *Oxygen/analysis ; Rhenium/analysis ; Seawater/chemistry ; Sulfur/analysis ; Sulfur Isotopes/analysis ; Temperature ; Uranium/analysis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Abrupt and gradual extinction among Late Permian land vertebrates in the Karoo basin, South Africa (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2005-01-22
    Beschreibung: The Karoo basin of South Africa exposes a succession of Upper Permian to Lower Triassic terrestrial strata containing abundant terrestrial vertebrate fossils. Paleomagnetic/magnetostratigraphic and carbon-isotope data allow sections to be correlated across the basin. With this stratigraphy, the vertebrate fossil data show a gradual extinction in the Upper Permian punctuated by an enhanced extinction pulse at the Permian-Triassic boundary interval, particularly among the dicynodont therapsids, coinciding with negative carbon-isotope anomalies.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ward, Peter D -- Botha, Jennifer -- Buick, Roger -- De Kock, Michiel O -- Erwin, Douglas H -- Garrison, Geoffrey H -- Kirschvink, Joseph L -- Smith, Roger -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Feb 4;307(5710):709-14. Epub 2005 Jan 20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. argo@u.washington.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15661973" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Biodiversity ; Carbon Isotopes/analysis ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; *Fossils ; Geologic Sediments ; Magnetics ; Plants ; South Africa ; Time ; *Vertebrates
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Late Archean biospheric oxygenation and atmospheric evolution (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2007-09-29
    Beschreibung: High-resolution geochemical analyses of organic-rich shale and carbonate through the 2500 million-year-old Mount McRae Shale in the Hamersley Basin of northwestern Australia record changes in both the oxidation state of the surface ocean and the atmospheric composition. The Mount McRae record of sulfur isotopes captures the widespread and possibly permanent activation of the oxidative sulfur cycle for perhaps the first time in Earth's history. The correlation of the time-series sulfur isotope signals in northwestern Australia with equivalent strata from South Africa suggests that changes in the exogenic sulfur cycle recorded in marine sediments were global in scope and were linked to atmospheric evolution. The data suggest that oxygenation of the surface ocean preceded pervasive and persistent atmospheric oxygenation by 50 million years or more.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaufman, Alan J -- Johnston, David T -- Farquhar, James -- Masterson, Andrew L -- Lyons, Timothy W -- Bates, Steve -- Anbar, Ariel D -- Arnold, Gail L -- Garvin, Jessica -- Buick, Roger -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Sep 28;317(5846):1900-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Departments of Geology and Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742-4211, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17901329" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Atmosphere ; Australia ; Bacteria/metabolism ; Geologic Sediments/*chemistry/microbiology ; Oxidation-Reduction ; *Oxygen ; Seawater ; South Africa ; Sulfates/chemistry/metabolism ; *Sulfur/chemistry/metabolism ; Sulfur Isotopes/analysis ; Time
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
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    Isotopic evidence for an aerobic nitrogen cycle in the latest Archean (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-02-21
    Beschreibung: The nitrogen cycle provides essential nutrients to the biosphere, but its antiquity in modern form is unclear. In a drill core though homogeneous organic-rich shale in the 2.5-billion-year-old Mount McRae Shale, Australia, nitrogen isotope values vary from +1.0 to +7.5 per mil (per thousand) and back to +2.5 per thousand over approximately 30 meters. These changes evidently record a transient departure from a largely anaerobic to an aerobic nitrogen cycle complete with nitrification and denitrification. Complementary molybdenum abundance and sulfur isotopic values suggest that nitrification occurred in response to a small increase in surface-ocean oxygenation. These data imply that nitrifying and denitrifying microbes had already evolved by the late Archean and were present before oxygen first began to accumulate in the atmosphere.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Garvin, Jessica -- Buick, Roger -- Anbar, Ariel D -- Arnold, Gail L -- Kaufman, Alan J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Feb 20;323(5917):1045-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1165675.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Earth and Space Sciences and Astrobiology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1310, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19229033" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Aerobiosis ; Anaerobiosis ; Archaea/*metabolism ; Australia ; Bacteria/*metabolism ; Biological Evolution ; Geologic Sediments/*chemistry ; Nitrates/chemistry/metabolism ; Nitrites/chemistry/metabolism ; Nitrogen/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Nitrogen Fixation ; Nitrogen Isotopes/*analysis ; Oceans and Seas ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxygen/*chemistry/metabolism ; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds/chemistry/metabolism ; Time
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 7
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    Selenium isotopes support free O2 in the latest Archean (2015)
    Geological Society of America (GSA)
    In: Geology
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-02-25
    Beschreibung: Selenium (Se) undergoes redox transformations and isotopic fractionations at relatively high redox potentials and could therefore provide insight into changes in oceanic and atmospheric O 2 levels over Earth’s history. We test this idea with Se data from the 2.5 Ga Mount McRae Shale (Hamersley Basin, Australia), which records temporary enrichments in abundances and isotopes of other redox-sensitive elements indicating a "whiff of oxygen" in Earth’s atmosphere before the Great Oxidation Event. Se isotopic ratios expressed as 82/78 Se and abundances relative to crustal background show significant positive excursions of up to 1.1 and an enrichment 13 times above background, respectively, overlapping with excursions in Mo and N isotopes and abundances. Because Se has a relatively high redox potential and photosynthetic oxidation pathways are unknown, our data thus suggest that Se was mobilized by free O 2 during this interval. The isotopic fractionation likely occurred during transport of Se oxyanions from the site of weathering to the outer shelf. Although O 2 could have been produced locally on land and may not necessarily have increased in the global atmosphere, our results strengthen the inference of an early origin of oxygenic photosynthesis long before the Paleoproterozoic Great Oxidation Event. This is the first report of a Se isotope excursion in the Precambrian rock record, and it confirms that Se isotopes can serve as a useful redox proxy in deep time.
    Print ISSN: 0091-7613
    Digitale ISSN: 1943-2682
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie
    Publiziert von Geological Society of America (GSA)
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  • 8
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    Modeling pN2 through Geological Time: Implications for Planetary Climates and Atmospheric Biosignatures (2016)
    Mary Ann Liebert
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-12-01
    Print ISSN: 1531-1074
    Digitale ISSN: 1557-8070
    Thema: Biologie , Physik
    Publiziert von Mary Ann Liebert
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