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  • American Institute of Physics  (68)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (25)
  • American Physical Society  (14)
  • 1
    Publication Date: 1998-07-11
    Description: Pressures being exerted on the ocean ecosystems through overfishing, pollution, and environmental and climate change are increasing. Six core principles are proposed to guide governance and use of ocean resources and to promote sustainability. Examples of governance structures that embody these principles are given.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Costanza -- Andrade -- Antunes -- den Belt M -- Boersma -- Boesch -- Catarino -- Hanna -- Limburg -- Low -- Molitor -- Pereira -- Rayner -- Santos -- Wilson -- Young -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Jul 10;281(5374):198-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉R. Costanza, Univ. of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Biology Dept., and Inst. for Ecological Economics, P.O. Box 38, Solomons, MD 20688, USA. F. Andrade, Marine Laboratory of Guia, Sciences Faculty of Lisbon Univ. (FCUL), Estrada do Guincho, 2750 Cascais, Portugal. P. Antunes and R. Santos, Ecoman Center, Dept. of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, New University of Lisbon, Quinta da Torre, 2825 Monte da Caparica, Portugal. M. van den Belt, Ecological Economics Research and Applications, Inc., P.O. Box 1589, Solomons, MD 20688, USA. D. Boersma, Dept. of Zoology, Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. D. Boesch, Univ. of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, P.O. Box 775, Cambridge, MD 21613, USA. F. Catarino, Faculty of Sciences, Univ. of Lisbon, Rua Escola Politecnica, 58, 1250 Lisbon, Portugal. S. Hanna, Dept. of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Oregon State Univ., Corvalis, OR 97331-3601, USA. K. Limburg, Dept. of Systems Ecology, Univ. of Stockholm, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden. B. Low, School of Natural Resources, Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor MI 48109-1115, USA. M. Molitor, Dept. of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Columbia Univ., P.O. Box 689, Oracle, AZ 85623, USA. J. G. Pereira, Dept. of Oceanography and Fisheries, Univ. of the Azores, PT 9900 Horta, Azores, Portugal. S. Rayner, Battelle, 901 D Street SW, Suite 900, Washington, DC 20024-2115, USA. J. Wilson, School of Marine Sciences, Univ. of Maine, Orono, ME 04469-5741, USA. M. Young, CSIRO Land and Water, Private Bag No. 2, Glen Osmond, Australia 5064.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9660740" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 1990-03-16
    Description: Major epidemic outbreaks of viral hepatitis in underdeveloped countries result from a type of non-A, non-B hepatitis distinct from the parenterally transmitted form. The viral agent responsible for this form of epidemic, or enterically transmitted non-A, non-B hepatitis (ET-NANBH), has been serially transmitted in cynomolgus macaques (cynos) and has resulted in typical elevation in liver enzymes and the detection of characteristic virus-like particles (VLPs) in both feces and bile. Infectious bile was used for the construction of recombinant complementary DNA libraries. One clone, ET1.1, was exogenous to uninfected human and cyno genomic liver DNA, as well as to genomic DNA from infected cyno liver. ET1.1 did however, hybridize to an approximately 7.6-kilobase RNA species present only in infected cyno liver. The translated nucleic acid sequence of a portion of ET1.1 had a consensus amino acid motif consistent with an RNA-directed RNA polymerase; this enzyme is present in all positive strand RNA viruses. Furthermore, ET1.1 specifically identified similar sequences in complementary DNA prepared from infected human fecal samples collected from five geographically distinct ET-NANBH outbreaks. Therefore, ET1.1 represents a portion of the genome of the principal viral agent, to be named hepatitis E virus, which is responsible for epidemic outbreaks of ET-NANBH.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Reyes, G R -- Purdy, M A -- Kim, J P -- Luk, K C -- Young, L M -- Fry, K E -- Bradley, D W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Mar 16;247(4948):1335-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Molecular Virology Department, Genelabs Incorporated, Redwood City, CA 94063.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2107574" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA/genetics ; Hepatitis E/*microbiology ; Hepatitis Viruses/*genetics ; Hepatitis, Viral, Human/*microbiology ; Humans ; Macaca fascicularis ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; RNA Viruses/genetics ; RNA, Viral/genetics ; Restriction Mapping
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  • 3
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2006-05-13
    Description: The study of viruses has traditionally focused on their roles as infectious agents and as tools for understanding cell biology. Viruses are now finding a new expanded role as nanoplatforms with applications in materials science and medicine. Viruses form highly symmetrical monodisperse architectures and are ideal templates for engineering multifunctionality, including multivalent display of surface ligands and encapsulation of inorganic and organic materials. These developments assure that viruses will find applications as versatile nanoscale materials.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Douglas, Trevor -- Young, Mark -- R01EB000432/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/ -- R01GM61340/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R21EB005364/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 May 12;312(5775):873-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Bio-Inspired Nanomaterials, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA. tdouglas@chemistry.montana.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16690856" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Binding Sites ; Biomimetics ; *Biotechnology ; *Capsid/chemistry/ultrastructure ; Genetic Vectors ; Inorganic Chemicals ; Ligands ; Metals/chemistry/metabolism ; *Nanostructures ; *Nanotechnology ; Organic Chemicals ; Peptide Library ; Surface Properties ; Virus Assembly ; *Viruses/chemistry/genetics/ultrastructure
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2009-07-04
    Description: The Wet Chemistry Laboratory on the Phoenix Mars Lander performed aqueous chemical analyses of martian soil from the polygon-patterned northern plains of the Vastitas Borealis. The solutions contained approximately 10 mM of dissolved salts with 0.4 to 0.6% perchlorate (ClO4) by mass leached from each sample. The remaining anions included small concentrations of chloride, bicarbonate, and possibly sulfate. Cations were dominated by Mg2+ and Na+, with small contributions from K+ and Ca2+. A moderately alkaline pH of 7.7 +/- 0.5 was measured, consistent with a carbonate-buffered solution. Samples analyzed from the surface and the excavated boundary of the approximately 5-centimeter-deep ice table showed no significant difference in soluble chemistry.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hecht, M H -- Kounaves, S P -- Quinn, R C -- West, S J -- Young, S M M -- Ming, D W -- Catling, D C -- Clark, B C -- Boynton, W V -- Hoffman, J -- Deflores, L P -- Gospodinova, K -- Kapit, J -- Smith, P H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jul 3;325(5936):64-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1172466.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA. michael.h.hecht@jpl.nasa.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19574385" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Anions ; *Cations ; Chemical Phenomena ; Extraterrestrial Environment ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; *Mars ; Oxidation-Reduction ; *Perchlorates ; Solubility ; Spacecraft ; Temperature ; Water
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2009-08-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉King, Ross D -- Rowland, Jem -- Oliver, Stephen G -- Young, Michael -- Aubrey, Wayne -- Byrne, Emma -- Liakata, Maria -- Markham, Magdalena -- Pir, Pinar -- Soldatova, Larisa N -- Sparkes, Andrew -- Whelan, Kenneth E -- Clare, Amanda -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Aug 21;325(5943):945. doi: 10.1126/science.325_945a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19696334" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Artificial Intelligence ; Automation ; *Robotics ; *Science
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2009-04-04
    Description: The basis of science is the hypothetico-deductive method and the recording of experiments in sufficient detail to enable reproducibility. We report the development of Robot Scientist "Adam," which advances the automation of both. Adam has autonomously generated functional genomics hypotheses about the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and experimentally tested these hypotheses by using laboratory automation. We have confirmed Adam's conclusions through manual experiments. To describe Adam's research, we have developed an ontology and logical language. The resulting formalization involves over 10,000 different research units in a nested treelike structure, 10 levels deep, that relates the 6.6 million biomass measurements to their logical description. This formalization describes how a machine contributed to scientific knowledge.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉King, Ross D -- Rowland, Jem -- Oliver, Stephen G -- Young, Michael -- Aubrey, Wayne -- Byrne, Emma -- Liakata, Maria -- Markham, Magdalena -- Pir, Pinar -- Soldatova, Larisa N -- Sparkes, Andrew -- Whelan, Kenneth E -- Clare, Amanda -- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Apr 3;324(5923):85-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1165620.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Computer Science, Aberystwyth University, SY23 3DB, UK. rdk@aber.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19342587" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Artificial Intelligence ; *Automation ; *Computational Biology ; Computers ; Enzymes/*genetics ; *Genes, Fungal ; Genomics ; Programming Languages ; Robotics ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/enzymology/*genetics/growth & development/metabolism ; Software
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  • 7
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1997-12-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gray, J A -- Young, A M -- Joseph, M H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Nov 28;278(5343):1548-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9411769" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Conditioning (Psychology) ; Dopamine/metabolism/*physiology ; Humans ; Nucleus Accumbens/*metabolism ; Rats ; Reinforcement (Psychology)
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2003-07-12
    Description: We report the use of genetically engineered cells in a pathogen identification sensor. This sensor uses B lymphocytes that have been engineered to emit light within seconds of exposure to specific bacteria and viruses. We demonstrated rapid screening of relevant samples and identification of a variety of pathogens at very low levels. Because of its speed, sensitivity, and specificity, this pathogen identification technology could prove useful for medical diagnostics, biowarfare defense, food- and water-quality monitoring, and other applications.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rider, Todd H -- Petrovick, Martha S -- Nargi, Frances E -- Harper, James D -- Schwoebel, Eric D -- Mathews, Richard H -- Blanchard, David J -- Bortolin, Laura T -- Young, Albert M -- Chen, Jianzhu -- Hollis, Mark A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jul 11;301(5630):213-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Massachusetts Institute of Technology Lincoln Laboratory, Lexington, MA 02420, USA. thor@ll.mit.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12855808" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aequorin/biosynthesis ; Antibodies, Bacterial/immunology ; Antibodies, Viral/immunology ; *B-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Bacillus anthracis/immunology/isolation & purification ; Bacteria/immunology/*isolation & purification ; *Bacteriological Techniques ; *Biosensing Techniques ; Cell Line ; Colony Count, Microbial ; Encephalitis Virus, Venezuelan Equine/immunology/isolation & purification ; Escherichia coli O157/immunology/isolation & purification ; Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus/immunology/isolation & purification ; Immunoglobulin Variable Region/immunology ; Light ; Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/immunology ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Time Factors ; Transfection ; Viruses/immunology/*isolation & purification ; Yersinia pestis/immunology/isolation & purification
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  • 9
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-08-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Young, Allen M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Aug 20;305(5687):1107.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15326337" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biodiversity ; *Classification ; Museums ; *Natural History
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  • 10
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-06-12
    Description: Soil is the most complicated biomaterial on the planet. As with any material, the physical habitat is of prime importance in determining and regulating biological activity. However, until recently the opaque nature of soil has meant that any interrogation of its interior architecture has been relatively rudimentary, restricted to simple qualitative expressions of the physical heterogeneity that fail to relate to any specific function. However, new techniques and insights into the biophysical and biochemical processes of this inner space are leading to the developments of theoretical frameworks and experimental approaches that will allow us to sustainably manage Earth's most important resource. We introduce the concept that the soil-microbe system is self-organized and suggest new priorities for research based on an integrative approach that combines biochemistry and biophysics.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Young, I M -- Crawford, J W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jun 11;304(5677):1634-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Scottish Informatics, Mathematics, Biology, and Statistics (SIMBIOS) Centre, University of Abertay, Bell Street, Dundee, DD1 1HG Scotland, UK. imy@tay.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15192219" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bacteria/genetics/isolation & purification ; *Bacterial Physiological Phenomena ; Bacteriological Techniques ; *Biodiversity ; Biophysical Phenomena ; Biophysics ; Chemistry, Physical ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Fractals ; Fungi/genetics/isolation & purification/*physiology ; Models, Biological ; Mycology/methods ; Physicochemical Phenomena ; Soil/analysis ; *Soil Microbiology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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