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  • 1
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    Make way for robot scientists (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-08-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉King, Ross D -- Rowland, Jem -- Oliver, Stephen G -- Young, Michael -- Aubrey, Wayne -- Byrne, Emma -- Liakata, Maria -- Markham, Magdalena -- Pir, Pinar -- Soldatova, Larisa N -- Sparkes, Andrew -- Whelan, Kenneth E -- Clare, Amanda -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Aug 21;325(5943):945. doi: 10.1126/science.325_945a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19696334" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Artificial Intelligence ; Automation ; *Robotics ; *Science
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    The automation of science (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-04-04
    Description: The basis of science is the hypothetico-deductive method and the recording of experiments in sufficient detail to enable reproducibility. We report the development of Robot Scientist "Adam," which advances the automation of both. Adam has autonomously generated functional genomics hypotheses about the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and experimentally tested these hypotheses by using laboratory automation. We have confirmed Adam's conclusions through manual experiments. To describe Adam's research, we have developed an ontology and logical language. The resulting formalization involves over 10,000 different research units in a nested treelike structure, 10 levels deep, that relates the 6.6 million biomass measurements to their logical description. This formalization describes how a machine contributed to scientific knowledge.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉King, Ross D -- Rowland, Jem -- Oliver, Stephen G -- Young, Michael -- Aubrey, Wayne -- Byrne, Emma -- Liakata, Maria -- Markham, Magdalena -- Pir, Pinar -- Soldatova, Larisa N -- Sparkes, Andrew -- Whelan, Kenneth E -- Clare, Amanda -- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Apr 3;324(5923):85-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1165620.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Computer Science, Aberystwyth University, SY23 3DB, UK. rdk@aber.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19342587" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Artificial Intelligence ; *Automation ; *Computational Biology ; Computers ; Enzymes/*genetics ; *Genes, Fungal ; Genomics ; Programming Languages ; Robotics ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/enzymology/*genetics/growth & development/metabolism ; Software
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Life with 6000 genes (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-10-25
    Description: The genome of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been completely sequenced through a worldwide collaboration. The sequence of 12,068 kilobases defines 5885 potential protein-encoding genes, approximately 140 genes specifying ribosomal RNA, 40 genes for small nuclear RNA molecules, and 275 transfer RNA genes. In addition, the complete sequence provides information about the higher order organization of yeast's 16 chromosomes and allows some insight into their evolutionary history. The genome shows a considerable amount of apparent genetic redundancy, and one of the major problems to be tackled during the next stage of the yeast genome project is to elucidate the biological functions of all of these genes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Goffeau, A -- Barrell, B G -- Bussey, H -- Davis, R W -- Dujon, B -- Feldmann, H -- Galibert, F -- Hoheisel, J D -- Jacq, C -- Johnston, M -- Louis, E J -- Mewes, H W -- Murakami, Y -- Philippsen, P -- Tettelin, H -- Oliver, S G -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Oct 25;274(5287):546, 563-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Universite Catholique de Louvain, Unite de Biochimie Physiologique, Place Croix du Sud, 2/20, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8849441" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; *Chromosome Mapping ; Chromosomes, Fungal/genetics ; Computer Communication Networks ; DNA, Fungal/genetics ; Evolution, Molecular ; Fungal Proteins/chemistry/genetics/physiology ; Gene Library ; *Genes, Fungal ; *Genome, Fungal ; International Cooperation ; Multigene Family ; Open Reading Frames ; RNA, Fungal/genetics ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/*genetics ; Sequence Analysis, DNA
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Identification of novel modifiers of Aβ toxicity by transcriptomic analysis in the fruitfly (2013)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-12-17
    Description: The strongest risk factor for developing Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is age. Here, we study the relationship between ageing and AD using a systems biology approach that employs a Drosophila (fruitfly) model of AD in which the flies overexpress the human Aβ42 peptide. We identified 712 genes that are differentially expressed between control and Aβ-expressing flies. We further divided these genes according to how they change over the animal's lifetime and discovered that the AD-related gene expression signature is age-independent. We have identified a number of differentially expressed pathways that are likely to play an important role in the disease, including oxidative stress and innate immunity. In particular, we uncovered two new modifiers of the Aβ phenotype, namely Sod3 and PGRP-SC1b. Scientific Reports 3 doi: 10.1038/srep03512
    Electronic ISSN: 2045-2322
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ethanol production using nuclear petite yeast mutants (1998)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 49 (1998), S. 511-516 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Two respiratory-deficient nuclear petites, FY23Δpet191 and FY23Δcox5a, of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae were generated using polymerase-chain-reaction-mediated gene disruption, and their respective ethanol tolerance and productivity assessed and compared to those of the parental grande, FY23WT, and a mitochondrial petite, FY23ρ0. Batch culture studies demonstrated that the parental strain was the most tolerant to exogenously added ethanol with an inhibition constant. K i, of 2.3% (w/v) and a specific rate of ethanol production, q p, of 0.90 g ethanol g dry cells−1 h−1. FY23ρ0 was the most sensitive to ethanol, exhibiting a K i of 1.71% (w/v) and q p of 0.87 g ethanol g dry cells−1 h−1. Analyses of the ethanol tolerance of the nuclear petites demonstrate that functional mitochondria are essential for maintaining tolerance to the toxin with the 100% respiratory-deficient nuclear petite, FY23Δpet191, having a K i of 2.14% (w/v) and the 85% respiratory-deficient FY23Δcox5a, having a K i of 1.94% (w/v). The retention of ethanol tolerance in the nuclear petites as compared to that of FY23ρ0 is mirrored by the ethanol productivities of these nuclear mutants, being respectively 43% and 30% higher than that of the respiratory-sufficient parent strain. This demonstrates that, because of their respiratory deficiency, the nuclear petites are not subject to the Pasteur effect and so exhibit higher rates of fermentation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530051206
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chromosomal evolution in Saccharomyces (2000)
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 405 (2000), S. 451-454 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The chromosomal speciation model invokes chromosomal rearrangements as the primary cause of reproductive isolation. In a heterozygous carrier, chromosomes bearing reciprocal translocations mis-segregate at meiosis, resulting in reduced fertility or complete sterility. Thus, chromosomal ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35013058
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The trpC gene of Phanerochaete chrysosporium is unique in containing an intron but nevertheless maintains the order of functional domains seen in other fungi (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 5 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The Phanerochaete chryososporium trpC gene has been isolated by complementation of an Escherichia coli trpC mutant. The full extent of the fungal gene, determined by sequence analysis, was found to be 2414bp. This includes a single intron of 50bp, the presence of which was confirmed by RNA-primed polymerase chain reaction analysis. This feature makes the P. chrysosporium gene unique when compared to equivalent genes from other filamentous fungi. The P. chrysosporium trpC gene encodes a single protein containing three enzyme activities involved in tryptophan biosynthesis arranged in the order: NH2–GAT–IGPS–PRAI–COOH. This order is conserved in all filamentous fungi so far examined and, indeed, is the gene order within the E. coli trp operon.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.1991.tb02130.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enhancement of Ty transposition at the ADH4 and ADH2 loci in meiotic yeast cells (1997)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 254 (1997), S. 555-561 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Key wordsSaccharomyces  ;  Transposition  ;  Meiosis Starvation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Genome polymorphism in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is frequently the result of transposition and recombination events involving Ty elements. The activity of these retrotransposons is closely integrated with the life cycle of the host. Ty transcription is repressed in diploid, but not haploid, cells and is induced by certain stress conditions. We have found that Ty transposition at the ADH4 and ADH2 loci is not only active, but 50-fold more frequent in meiotic yeast than in mitotic cells. These data provide a further example of the success of Ty elements in maximising their own chances of spread and survival while minimising the risks to the host yeast population.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004380050451
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The complete DNA sequence of yeast chromosome III (1992)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 357 (1992), S. 38-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The entire DNA sequence of chromosome III of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been determined. This is the first complete sequence analysis of an entire chromosome from any organism. The 315-kilobase sequence reveals 182 open reading frames for proteins ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/357038a0
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bacterium genome sequence (1996)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 381 (1996), S. 654-654 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] OLIVER REPLIES - Kumar and colleagues demonstrate that techniques now exist in a wide range of organisms which will permit the systematic analysis of gene function. Such an analysis is most meaningful in organisms such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae, whose genome has been completely sequenced, and it ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/381654a0
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