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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (948)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (948)
  • American Geophysical Union
  • Institute of Physics
  • 1965-1969  (680)
  • 1955-1959  (268)
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Keywords
Publisher
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (948)
  • American Geophysical Union
  • Institute of Physics
Years
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Graft copolymers of starch. III. Copolymerization of gelatinized wheat starch with acrylonitrile. Influence of chain modifiers on copolymer compositionProd. No. 1476 (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 11 (1967), S. 457-463 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A study was made of the influence of selected chain modifiers on both the molecular weight of grafted polyacrylonitrile and the grafting frequency of the starch-polyacrylo-nitrile graft copolymer. Gelatinized wheat starch was used with ceric ammonium nitrate as the initiator. The organic chain modifiers investigated were ethyl mercaptan, 1-dodecanethiol, methyl ethyl ketone, acetaldehyde, and chloroform. Sodium chromate, cupric bromide, cupric nitrate, cupric acetate, and cupric chloride were also tested as chain modifiers. In the presence of cupric chloride, there was a tenfold reduction in the molecular weight of grafted polyacrylonitrile; however, fewer chains were grafted to the starch backbone than were observed without cupric chloride.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1967.070110312
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copolymers of starch and polyacrylonitrile: The dilution effect (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 133-140 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: In the ceric ammonium nitrate-initiated graft polymerization of acrylonitrile (AN) with starch, grafting frequencies and molecular weights of grafted polyacrylonitrile changed from 600 anhydroglucose units (AGU)/graft and 120000 to 280 AGU/graft and 36000 when concentrations of starch and AN were varied from 0.27 and 1.20 to 0.023 and 0.235 moles/l. of water, respectively. The influence of variety of starch, size of the starch granules, and reaction time was studied, and possible reasons for the influence of reactant concentration on the composition of the copolymer are considered.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070130114
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Graft copolymers of starch. I. Copolymerization of gelatinized wheat starch with acrylonitrile. Fractionation of copolymer and effect of solvent on copolymer compositionPresented in part at the 149th meeting of the American Chemical Society, Detroit, Michigan, April 1965.Prod. No. 1353 (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 10 (1966), S. 929-937 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The starch-polyacrylonitrile graft copolymer prepared from gelatinized wheat starch with ceric ammoninm nitrate as the initiator has been freed of ungrafted polyacrylonitrile and separated into fractions by extraction with dimethylformamide, γ-butyrolactone, and dimethyl sulfoxide. The copolymer fractions obtained differed appreciably in level of add-on, molecular weights of grafted chains, and grafting frequency. To determiue the molecular weights of grafted chains, the starch part of the copolymer was effectively removed by hydrolysis with α-amylase. It was necessary to dissolve or swell the polymer in dimethyl sulfoxide and freshly precipitate it by addition to water before enzymatic hydrolysis. In studying the effect of reaction medium on copolymer composition, there was less ungrafted homopolymer formed and a higher yield of graft copolymer possessing more frequent grafts with water than with aqueous dimethylformamide or aqueous ethylene glycol. Polymer solubility, the results of control polymerizations of acrylonitrile in the absence of starch, and the detection of glucose endgroups on the polyacrylonitrile liberated from the fractionated polymer by hydrolysis are presented as evidence that the copolymers obtained are true grafts rather thau intimate mixtures.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1966.070100610
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Viscosity of dilute solutions of linear and branched polyvinyl acetateA preliminary account of this work was presented at the Ann Arbor High Polymer Research Conference, July 25, 1955. (1956)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 22 (1956), S. 123-135 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The dilute solution viscosity properties of fractions of two linear and one branched sample of polyvinyl acetate in benzene and of two linear and one branched fraction in several solvents were measured at 35°C. Values of total slope, b (from plots of ηsp/c vs. c), and intrinsic viscosities were obtained under the requirement that k′ + β = 0.500 ± 0.002. Empirical plots of log b vs. log [η] gave lines which were straight within the limits of accuracy of the data. For the linear fractions in benzene, Huggins' k′ was constant and the slope of the log b vs. log [η] line was 2; for the branched fractions in benzene, k′ increased with [η] and the slope of the log b vs. log [η] line was greater than 2. The log b vs. log [η] plots form the basis for a “one-point” method for determining [η]. Consideration of these data along with results reported in the literature indicates that k′ is measurably sensitive to branching only for fractions possessing a certain minimum combination of size and complexity. However, in some cases where the variations of k′ are inconclusive, use of the slope of the log b vs. log [η] line may provide a reliable indication of branching. It was found that a comparison between the branched and linear series could also be made at constant values of [η] or b. Two linear fractions in different solvents obeyed a type of Huggins relationship in which k′ did not vary with solvent and the slope of the log b vs. log [η] line was 2. For a higher molecular weight branched fraction, however, k′ varied from solvent to solvent and the slope of the log-log plot was about 1.7. These data do not support a reference point concept of “true” intrinsic viscosity based on a simple linear relationship between b and [η]. Preliminary results dealing with the effects of the shear rate indicated that the measured viscosity properties of branched fractions may be more seriously affected by changes in shear rate than those of linear fractions.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1956.1202210014
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A further interpretation of resonance and electrical factors affecting copolymerization (1959)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 40 (1959), S. 457-468 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: New equations for evaluation of resonance (q) and electrical (∊) factors affecting copolymerization have been derived: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \begin{array}{*{20}c} {r_1 } \hfill & { = \exp \left\{ { - {{\left( {q_1 - q_2 } \right)} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{\left( {q_1 - q_2 } \right)} {RT}}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {RT}}} \right\}\exp \left\{ { - 7.23 \times 10^{20} \varepsilon _1 {{\left( {\varepsilon _1 - \varepsilon _2 } \right)} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{\left( {\varepsilon _1 - \varepsilon _2 } \right)} {RT}}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {RT}}} \right\}} \hfill \\ {r_2 } \hfill & { = \exp \left\{ { - {{\left( {q_2 - q_1 } \right)} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{\left( {q_2 - q_1 } \right)} {RT}}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {RT}}} \right\}\exp \left\{ { - 7.23 \times 10^{20} \varepsilon _2 {{\left( {\varepsilon _2 - \varepsilon _1 } \right)} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{\left( {\varepsilon _2 - \varepsilon _1 } \right)} {RT}}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {RT}}} \right\}} \hfill \\ {r_1 r_2 } \hfill & { = \exp \left\{ { - 7.23 \times 10^{20} {{\left( {\varepsilon _1 - \varepsilon _2 } \right)^2 } \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{\left( {\varepsilon _1 - \varepsilon _2 } \right)^2 } {RT}}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {RT}}} \right\}} \hfill \\ \end{array} $\end{document} The new equations will apply over any temperature range, and will express ∊ in terms of e.s.u. and q in kcal./mole. These factors were determined for an extensive list of monomers and were tabulated. Agreement with Hammett σ values and other kinetic and theoretical considerations were found.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1959.1204013715
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Graft copolymers of starch. II. Copolymerization of gelatinized wheat starch with acrylonitrile: Influence of reaction conditions on copolymer compositionReported in part at the 149th Meeting, American Chemical Society, Detroit, Michigan, April 1965. (1966)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Letters 4 (1966), S. 765-769 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2986
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1966.110041018
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copolymerization studies. VI. Spontaneous copolymerization of bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene and sulfur dioxide. Evidence for propagation by biradical couplingFor a preliminary report on this work see Zutty and Wilson.1 (1965)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: General Papers 3 (1965), S. 2781-2799 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2951
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The alternating copolymerization of bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene and sulfur dioxide has been found to be quite unusual for a free-radical polymerization: (1) the initiation of copolymerization is spontaneous, even at -40°C.; (2) solution copolymerization is extremely fast, yielding very high molecular weight polymer within a few seconds; (3) conversions are high (up to 93% within a minute); (4) molecular weight during copolymerization increases at essentially constant conversion; (5) the reaction is incapable of being chemically inhibited indefinitely, short of exhausting one of the constituent monomers; (6) at elevated temperatures, the monomers and copolymer appear to be in equilibrium; (7) large concentrations of free radicals have been detected by electron paramagnetic resonance to be associated with the bulk copolymerization; and (8) the copolymerization appears to result in “living” free-radical polymers. A copolymerization mechanism is proposed to explain these observations. Bicycloheptene and sulfur dioxide initially form a 1 : 1 molecular charge transfer complex which rearranges to a biradical; subsequent coupling of biradicals with each other (and possibly also with the molecular complexes themselves) leads to rapid propagation to high molecular weight, alternating copolymer. Speculations that similar mechanisms may be important in other copolymerization reactions are also made.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1965.100030806
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copolymers of modified starches with polyacrylonitrile (1969)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-1: Polymer Chemistry 7 (1969), S. 1675-1681 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-296X
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A study was made of the ceric ammonium nitrate-initiated graft polymerization of acrylonitrile (AN) onto a number of modified starches that had been reduced in molecular weight by either acid, hypochlorite, or enzyme treatment. With highly soluble starches, much of the starting material was recovered as ungrafted carbohydrate, and the reaction product was largely dimethylformamide-soluble polymer with a high polyacrylonitrile (PAN) content. The molecular weight of grafted PAN was lower when the modified starches existed as granules in water dispersion; however, heating (60°C) an aqueous slurry of an acid-modified corn starch (with intact granules) before the reaction had relatively little effect on the composition of the copolymer. Decreasing the concentrations in water of modified starch and AN resulted in more frequent and lower molecular weight grafts of PAN. Aqueous methanol as a reaction medium for an acid-modified starch with intact granules led to more frequent grafting of lower molecular weight PAN than when water alone was used. The number of grafted chains, however, was fewer than found with unmodified wheat starch under comparable conditions. A modified starch with the granule structure completely broken down gave no detectable reaction in aqueous methanol.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1969.150070711
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    NMR study of the secondary structure of s-RNA (1965)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 3 (1965), S. 609-616 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The melting characteristics of unfractionated yeast s-RNA in neutral aqueous solution have been examined by high-resolution proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. These studies indicate that the bases of s-RNA become rotationally activated at lower temperatures than their associated ribose units. These observations, as well as the recently determined base sequence of an alanine-specific s-RNA, suggest that base complementarity may not be the primary determinant in the stabilization of the secondary structure of s-RNA. In addition, evidence for exchange of C8-protons of purine bases of s-RNA with D2O was obtained at temperatures above 70°C.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360030602
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tensile yield-stress behavior of poly(vinyl chloride) and polycarbonate in the glass transition region (1969)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 7 (1969), S. 1745-1754 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The yield-stress behavior of two glassy polymers is studied through the glass transition region over a wide range of strain rates. For temperatures below the glass transition temperature, the yield stress behavior could be described as a non-Newtonian flow in agreement with Eyring's theory, if one excepts a narrow range relating to the slowest strain rates. For temperatures above Tg, the yield-stress behavior is still nonlinear but fits the relations based on the concept of free volume.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1969.160071010
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