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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of fracture 7 (1971), S. 277-287 
    ISSN: 1573-2673
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Our measurements on fatigue cracks grown in PVC under plane-strain conditions shows that the width of the observed arrest lines is in agreement with the theoretical results obtained from the Dugdale-Muskhelishvili model. Further, we have shown that the fatigue of one arrest line before rupture requires a large number of loading cycles this number of cycles is constant for every arrest line of a given specimen. Brittle fracture of the specimen occurs when the “stress-intensity factor” K first introduced by Irwin reaches a given value.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 4 (1969), S. 908-918 
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract As a continuation of previous works aimed at obtaining macroscopic specimens of polyethylene with a simple texture, samples were prepared by unidirectional rolling (without previous drawing) followed by heat-relaxation. This resulted in a macroscopic lamination consisting of two transparent outer zones and a turbid zone in the interior. It was confirmed by full pole figure analysis, both at wide angles involving three reflections and at low angles, that the two transparent edge zones were truly single-textured as regards both the subcell and the superperiod, the orientation at the two edges being in mirror relation. The middle zone corresponded partly to a superposition of the structure at the two edges, but contained also additional complicating features. The new findings support several of the basic assumptions made in the previous papers of the series based on less complete evidence. Further, they provide the best characterised and most uniquely defined textures known in a polycrystalline polymer so far, in a form suitable for further macroscopic examination. Also the present findings should be relevant to the interpretation of the crystal morphology of oriented polymers in general and to the understanding of the rolling process in particular.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 7 (1972), S. 176-183 
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The tensile yield stress is compared with the uniaxial compression yield stress for specimens of polycarbonate tested at constant strain rate from −120 to + 120°C. The strain rate dependence of the tensile yield stress is also studied from − 140 to + 20°C. The yield behaviour is described by a modification of the Eyring theory of non-Newtonian viscosity where the deformation is supposed to involve two different flow processes. The validity of a yield criterion previously established by one of us, is checked throughout the range of temperatures explored; the proposed equation gives a good fit to the data provided it is applied separately to each flow process. Then the present investigation, combining the yield condition with the modified Eyring theory, provides a formalism which agrees with the data and accurately renders the temperature, strain rate and pressure dependence of the yield stress of polycarbonate.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 7 (1972), S. 176-183 
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The tensile yield stress is compared with the uniaxial compression yield stress for specimens of polycarbonate tested at constant strain rate from −120 to + 120°C. The strain rate dependence of the tensile yield stress is also studied from − 140 to + 20°C. The yield behaviour is described by a modification of the Eyring theory of non-Newtonian viscosity where the deformation is supposed to involve two different flow processes. The validity of a yield criterion previously established by one of us, is checked throughout the range of temperatures explored; the proposed equation gives a good fit to the data provided it is applied separately to each flow process. Then the present investigation, combining the yield condition with the modified Eyring theory, provides a formalism which agrees with the data and accurately renders the temperature, strain rate and pressure dependence of the yield stress of polycarbonate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 109 (1967), S. 1-8 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Bei Raumtemperatur zu Filmen geformte und dann bei 110°C getemperte Polyäthylenproben wurden bei 85°C in Biphenyl gequollen und dann auf Raumtemp. abgeschreckt.Wie Klein- und Weitwinkel-Röntgenstreuungen zeigen, kristallisiert das Bisphenyl in flachen, etwa 10 Å dicken Kristallen zwischen den Polyäthylen-Einkristallen. Die gequollenen Proben sind fibrillär; sie lassen sich, wie die Elektronenbeugung zeigt, in Einkristalle aufspalten. Die Quellung beeinflußt die Textur der ursprünglichen Polyäthylenprobe nicht, welche eine b-Achsen-Orientierung hat. Die Orientierung der Bisphenylkristalle hängt nur von der Polyäthylentextur ab; Bisphenyl hat hier ebenfalls b-Achsen-Orientierung, die parallel zur Orientierung des Polyäthylens ist.
    Notes: Specimens of polyethylene laminated at room temperature and annealed at 110°C were swelled at 85°C by biphenyl and then quickly allowed to cool to room temperature.X-ray diffraction studies at large and low angles revealed that during the cooling process, biphenyl crystallizes into flat crystals of about 10 Å thickness, located between the polyethylene single crystals. The swelled specimens are friable. It is possible to desaggregate them into single crystals as shown by electron diffraction. Swelling does not affect the texture of the initial polyethylene specimens which is that of a b̄ axis fibre. Further more during the cooling process the orientation taken by the biphenyl crystals depends only on the polyethylene texture. The texture of biphenyl is that of a b̄ axis fibre parallel to the polyethylene fibre.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 7 (1969), S. 735-742 
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: It is shown that, at the yield stress, glassy polymers exhibit viscous flow which is in agreement with the generalized theory of Eyring. The study of the yield stress over a wide range of temperatures and strain rates provides evidence on the secondary transitions found by other methods. From our measurements we conclude that every secondary transition corresponds to the liberation of one of the degrees of freedom of a segment of the main chain.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 7 (1969), S. 1745-1754 
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The yield-stress behavior of two glassy polymers is studied through the glass transition region over a wide range of strain rates. For temperatures below the glass transition temperature, the yield stress behavior could be described as a non-Newtonian flow in agreement with Eyring's theory, if one excepts a narrow range relating to the slowest strain rates. For temperatures above Tg, the yield-stress behavior is still nonlinear but fits the relations based on the concept of free volume.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 1971-09-01
    Print ISSN: 0376-9429
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-2673
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Springer
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 1972-02-01
    Print ISSN: 0022-2461
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-4803
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Published by Springer
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