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  • Articles  (1,417)
  • Animals  (615)
  • Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy  (509)
  • Humans  (329)
  • pharmacokinetics  (84)
  • LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
  • 1980-1984  (1,417)
  • 1940-1944
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Year
Journal
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics of zimelidine (1980)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 17 (1980), S. 111-116 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: zimelidine ; norzimelidine ; antidepressants ; pharmacokinetics ; bioavailability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The systemic availability of a new antidepressant, zimelidine, and of its pharmacologically active metabolite, norzimelidine, was studied in six healthy male volunteers. Three single doses of zimelidine (25 mg and 100 mg orally and 25 mg i.v.) and two single doses of norzimelidine (25 mg orally and i. v.) were given to each volunteer allowing at least seven days between administrations. Plasma concentrations of zimelidine and norzimelidine were determined in serial blood samples by HPLC. Following oral zimelidine peak plasma concentrations of the metabolite were attained about 3 h after dosing. Oral administration of norzimelidine itself resulted in a plasma concentration profile for this compound that was similar to that observed after oral zimelidine. Utilising the plasma concentration data following intravenous infusion of each compound, the elimination half-lives for zimelidine and norzimelidine were calculated to be 5.1 h (range 4.3–6.0) and 15.5 h (range 10.6–22.9) respectively. The total body clearances of the 2 compounds were similar at 0.52 l · min−1 (range 0.26–0.70) for zimelidine and 0.56 l · min−1 (range 0.28–0.83) for norzimelidine. The substantially longer elimination half-life of norzimelidine was apparently the result of a larger volume of distribution (9.4 l · kg−1; range 7.8–11.4) for this metabolite, as compared to zimelidine (3.21 · kg−1; range 1.6–4.9). The calculated bioavailability of zimelidine was 26% (range 9.1–39) after the 25 mg oral dose, and 29% (range 14–46) after the 100 mg dose. The bioavailability of norzimelidine was 66% (range 36–91). However, oral administration of zimelidine resulted in as much or more norzimelidine reaching the systemic circulation, as the oral administration of norzimelidine itself. This is important as a large part of the activity of the drug may be due to the metabolite.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00562618
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  • 2
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    Cloned viral protein vaccine for foot-and-mouth disease: responses in cattle and swine (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-12-04
    Description: A DNA sequence coding for the immunogenic capsid protein VP3 of foot-and-mouth disease virus A12, prepared from the virion RNA, was ligated to a plasmid designed to express a chimeric protein from the Escherichia coli tryptophan promoter-operator system. When Escherichia coli transformed with this plasmid was grown in tryptophan-depleted media, approximately 17 percent of the total cellular protein was found to be an insoluble and stable chimeric protein. The purified chimeric protein competed equally on a molar basis with VP3 for specific antibodies to foot-and-mouth disease virus. When inoculated into six cattle and two swine, this protein elicited high levels of neutralizing antibody and protection against challenge with foot-and-mouth disease virus.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kleid, D G -- Yansura, D -- Small, B -- Dowbenko, D -- Moore, D M -- Grubman, M J -- McKercher, P D -- Morgan, D O -- Robertson, B H -- Bachrach, H L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Dec 4;214(4525):1125-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6272395" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antibody Formation ; Base Sequence ; Cattle ; Cattle Diseases/*prevention & control ; *Cloning, Molecular ; DNA Restriction Enzymes ; DNA, Recombinant/metabolism ; Foot-and-Mouth Disease/*prevention & control ; Immunity, Cellular ; Protein Biosynthesis ; Swine ; Swine Diseases/*prevention & control ; Transcription, Genetic ; *Vaccines ; Viral Proteins/genetics/*therapeutic use
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Clinical pharmacokinetics of chlordiazepoxide in patients with alcoholic hepatitis (1981)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 19 (1981), S. 279-285 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: chlordiazepoxide ; alcoholic liver disease ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The clearance of chlordiazepoxide from the systemic circulation was studied in 20 subjects which included 15 patients with alcoholic hepatitis and 5 normal volunteers. The half-life for the appearance of the drug in the systemic circulation was found to increase exponentially with age (r=0.73, P〈0.0005) and was independent of the presence of alcoholic hepatitis. The metabolic clearance of chlordiazepoxide was significantly lower in the patients than in the normal subjects (7.6 compared to 13.8 ml/kg-h, P〈0.005). Linear regression analysis revealed a significant correlation between clearance and albumin (r=0.77, P〈0.00005). However, the predictive value of this relationship was shown to be minimal. Multiple regression analysis produced only a slight improvement in the correlation when both albumin and lactate dehydrogenase were used as variables (r=0.83, P〈0.00005). In six of the patients, a second clearance study was conducted three weeks following their initial one. All repeat subjects showed improvement both clinically and as reflected by their laboratory tests for liver injury, but there was not a significant change in their clearance of chlordiazepoxide. Multiple regression analysis of the clearance data on the initial and repeat subjects showed a significant correlation between clearance and the variables age, albumin, and lactate dehydrogenase (r=0.91, P〈0.0025). This relationship suggests that over a short period of time (where age can be considered constant) changes in albumin and lactate dehydrogenase could be potentially useful in predicting clearance changes in a single individual.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00562805
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of duration of intravenous infusion of an acute dose on plasma concentrations of cimetidine (1983)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 25 (1983), S. 29-34 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: cimetidine ; intravenous infusion ; pharmacokinetics ; peptic ulcer ; duration of infusion ; acute dose
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The use of cimetidine administered by bolus intravenous injection to critically ill patients has been associated with serious cardiac arrhythmias, due presumably to high initial plasma concentrations. The aim of this study was to determine the range of infusion times of a single 200 mg dose of cimetidine which would avoid high initial drug concentrations while maintaining a duration of effective concentrations no less than that resulting from bolus injection. Computer simulations of both maximum plasma cimetidine concentrations and duration of effective plasma cimetidine concentrations versus duration of infusion were based on mean pharmacokinetic date from 6 peptic ulcer patients who had received cimetidine 200 mg i.v. over 5 min. The simulations indicated that to reduce maximum plasma cimetidine concentrations by at least 50%, while maintaining the duration of effective plasma concentrations, the infusion time should be at least 30 min and no longer than 4.5 h. The validity of the simulations was subsequently tested in 4 of the patients, who received cimetidine 200 mg i.v. over 30 min. The mean maximum plasma concentration for the 30 min infusion (4.57±0.53 µg/ml) was, as predicted, approximately half that corresponding to bolus administration in these patients (8.97±1.96 µg/ml). Moreover, the duration of effective concentrations for the infusion (1.43±0.28 h) was significantly greater than that for the 5 min infusion (1.21±0.31 h). We suggest that where an acute intravenous dose of cimetidine (200 mg) is indicated, it should be administered over at least 30 min rather than as a bolus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00544010
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gas chromatography mass spectrometry computer analysis of volatile halogenated hydrocarbons in man and his environment - a multimedia environmental study (1980)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 7 (1980), S. 139-147 
    Details
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: As part of a study to make a comparative analysis of selected halogenated compounds in man and the environmental media, a quantitative gas chromatographic mass spectrometric analysis of the levels of the halogenated compounds found in the breath, blood and urine of an exposed population (Old Love Canal area, Niagara, New York) and their immediate environment (air and water) was undertaken. In addition, levels of halogenated hydrocarbons in air samples taken in the general Buffalo, Niagara Falls area were determined.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200070402
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    15N and 13C NMR study of the effects of hydrogen bonding and protonation in linear schiff bases: Models for structural studies of rhodopsin and bacteriorhodopsinPart 4 of the series ‘Spectral Studies of Visual Pigments and Related Systems.’ For part 5, see Ref. 9. Dedicated to the memory of Professor Margaret Avram. (1984)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Organic Magnetic Resonance 22 (1984), S. 121-124 
    Details
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The effects of protonation and hydrogen bonding in linear Schiff bases obtained from n-butylamine with butyraldehyde, crotonaldehyde, sorbaldehyde and all-trans-retinal were studied by means of 15N and 13C NMR. The protonation-induced chemical shifts (Δδ) are an order of magnitude larger for 15N than for 13C. For 15N, this effect was found to increase with the extent of conjugation, culminating in the retinylideneimine (Δδ = -146 ppm), which constitutes a model for the study of the structure of the Schiff base linkage in visual pigments and related systems. Theoretical calculations of protonation-induced Δδ values based on MINDO/ 3 are in agreement with experimental results.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrc.1270220214
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    NQR investigations of 35Cl in crystalline 2,5-dichloro-4-nitroaniline (1981)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Organic Magnetic Resonance 16 (1981), S. 123-125 
    Details
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Two NQR lines were observed for 35Cl in 2,5-dichloro-4-nitroaniline at room temperature, using a self-quenched super-regenerative spectrometer. Analysis of the Zeeman effect on the two lines using a cylindrical single crystal reveals that the crystal belongs to the monoclinic system. The principal field gradient Z axes enclose an angle of 35° and 28° in the cases of the low and high frequency resonance lines, respectively. The b axis is parallel to 81°, 280°. The unit cell contains either two or a multiple of two molecules. The molecules in the crystal can be arranged into two sets, with the molecular planes in each set being parallel among each other. The angle subtended between the two planes is 159° and each of the planes is inclined to the b axis at an angle of 79.5°. There is an in-plane bending of the two C—Cl bonds by 5.5°. The ionic, single bond and double bond characters of the C—Cl bonds for both chlorines are almost equal, and are in the ratio 24:73:3.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrc.1270160212
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vibrational spectra and normal coordinate analysis of CF3OF and CF3OCl (1980)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Raman Spectroscopy 9 (1980), S. 230-238 
    Details
    ISSN: 0377-0486
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The IR spectra (1400 cm-1 to 160 cm-1) of the gases at ambient temperature and the Raman spectra (below 1400 cm-1) of the liquids near -196°C are reported for CF3OF and CF3OCl. All fundamentals are assigned under Cs symmetry and the results of a normal coordinate analysis are presented. The assignments of Smardzewski and Fox are adopted with one exception for both CF3OF and CF3OCl: the CF3 rock of A″ symmetry is assigned near 430 cm-1 and the two bands between 200 cm-1 and 300 cm-1 are assigned to an A′ fundamental, involving CF3 rocking and COX bending and a Δν=2 transition in the CF3 torsion. An extra band at 548 cm-1 in the Raman spectrum of liquid CF3 COl near -196°C is assigned to a CF3OCl⃛Cl2 complex. The values of the force constants d(OX) for CF3OX molecules are suggested to be near those for X2O molecules. More than half the normal modes of A′ symmetry show extensive mixing of symmetry coordinates. In some of these cases the symmetry coordinate for which the normal mode is named is the largest but not the dominant contributor to the potential energy distribution, while in others this symmetry coordinate is not even the largest contributor to the potential energy distribution. No normal modes of A′ symmetry are present in which ν(CO), δs(CF3), δ(COX), or δ(CF3) symmetry coordinates are dominant, and the mode conventionally labeled as v(CO) should be labeled as νs(CF3). For the remaining A′ normal modes and all the A″ normal modes, the symmetry coordinate for which the normal mode is named is dominant in the potential energy distribution.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jrs.1250090406
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vibrational spectroscopy at high pressures: 44 - thallous carbonate (1983)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Raman Spectroscopy 14 (1983), S. 144-149 
    Details
    ISSN: 0377-0486
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Raman spectra of thallous carbonate have been studied to c. 52 kbar and mid-IR spectra to 36 kbar. Details of the assignment have also been established using single-crystal IR reflectance and Raman spectroscopy. Phase transitions were found near 13 and 38 kbar on the basis of the Raman evidence, thus supporting the earlier conclusions of Meisalo and Kalliomaki based on x-ray powder and optical results. Analysis of possible space group relations between phases III (ambient) and IV showed that IV must be orthorhombic and adopt one of the D2hn groups, where n = 17, 19, 21, 25 or 28. Structural relationships between the phases are discussed.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jrs.1250140304
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  • 10
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    Giant panda paternity (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-03-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉O'Brien, S J -- Goldman, D -- Knight, J -- Moore, H D -- Wildt, D E -- Bush, M -- Montali, R J -- Kleiman, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Mar 16;223(4641):1127-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6701515" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Carnivora ; Male ; *Paternity ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Proteins/analysis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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