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  • 1
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    Differential effects of cytolytic T cell subsets on intracellular infection (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-06-13
    Description: In analyzing mechanisms of protection against intracellular infections, a series of human CD1-restricted T cell lines of two distinct phenotypes were derived. Both CD4(-)CD8(-) (double-negative) T cells and CD8(+) T cells efficiently lysed macrophages infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The cytotoxicity of CD4(-)CD8(-) T cells was mediated by Fas-FasL interaction and had no effect on the viability of the mycobacteria. The CD8(+) T cells lysed infected macrophages by a Fas-independent, granule-dependent mechanism that resulted in killing of bacteria. These data indicate that two phenotypically distinct subsets of human cytolytic T lymphocytes use different mechanisms to kill infected cells and contribute in different ways to host defense against intracellular infection.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stenger, S -- Mazzaccaro, R J -- Uyemura, K -- Cho, S -- Barnes, P F -- Rosat, J P -- Sette, A -- Brenner, M B -- Porcelli, S A -- Bloom, B R -- Modlin, R L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Jun 13;276(5319):1684-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California Los Angeles School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9180075" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antigens, CD1/*immunology ; Antigens, CD95/immunology/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Coculture Techniques ; Colony Count, Microbial ; Cytoplasmic Granules/immunology ; *Cytotoxicity, Immunologic ; Fas Ligand Protein ; Granzymes ; Humans ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Macrophages/*immunology/microbiology ; Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics/immunology/metabolism ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis/growth & development/*immunology ; Perforin ; Phenotype ; Pore Forming Cytotoxic Proteins ; Serine Endopeptidases/metabolism ; Strontium/pharmacology ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets/*immunology ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/*immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temperature dependence of the properties of heteroepitaxial Y2O3 films grown on Si by ion assisted evaporation (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 86 (1999), S. 198-204 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Heteroepitaxial Y2O3 films were grown on an Si(111) substrate by ion assisted evaporation in an ultrahigh vacuum, and their properties such as crystallinity, film stress, and morphological change were investigated using the various measurement methods. The crystallinity was assessed by x-ray diffraction (XRD) and reflection high-energy electron diffraction. Interface crystallinity was also examined by Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS) channeling and transmission electron microscopy. The strain of the films was measured by RBS channeling and XRD. Surface and interface morphological characteristics were observed by atomic force microscopy and x-ray scattering method. By comparing the interface with the surface characteristics, we can conclude that many defects at the interface region were generated by interface interaction between the yttrium metal and Si substrate. Moreover, the film quality dominantly depended on the deposition temperature. The crystallinity was greatly improved and the surface roughness was drastically decreased in the temperature range 500–600 °C. On the other hand, in the temperature range 600–700 °C, the compressive stress and film density were further increased, and the island size decreased. Also, the shape of the surface islands was transformed from elliptical to triangular. The film stress was found primarily at the interface area because of the interaction between yttrium and Si substrate. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.370717
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Jc enhancement of electrophoretically deposited YBa2Cu3O7−δ superconducting wire by BaF2 addition (1995)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 67 (1995), S. 851-853 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have prepared YBa2Cu3O7−δ (YBCO) superconducting wires by electrophoretic deposition. Ag wire was used as a substrate. Adding a small amount of BaF2 tends to remove cracks in the YBCO layer which develop during the heating process. The suppression of cracks produced a dramatic improvement in the critical current density (Jc). At 77 K, Jc increased from 18 A/cm2 for BaF2-free YBCO wire to 646 A/cm2 for a critical concentration of 2.7 wt% BaF2 after which it decreased monotonically with increasing BaF2 content. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.115526
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of Activated Carbon and Zeolite 13X for CO2 Recovery from Flue Gas by Pressure Swing Adsorption (1995)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Industrial & engineering chemistry research 34 (1995), S. 591-598 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5045
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie00041a020
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Antifungal Agent 8-Ethyl-5,8-dihydro-5-oxo-2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-6-carboxylic Acid (Piromidic Acid) (1998)
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 54 (1998), S. 1915-1917 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108270198007628
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of centrifugally atomized Al-12Si-5Fe-3Cu-1Mg(wt%) alloy powder and extruded rod (1996)
    Springer
    Advanced performance materials 3 (1996), S. 29-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8765
    Keywords: centrifugal atomization ; rapidly solidified powder ; hot extrusion ; phase transformation ; depurative degassing ; coarsening of Si particles
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The Al-12Si-5Fe-3Cu-1Mg(wt%) alloy was rapidly solidified by centrifugal atomization. The microstructural characteristics of rapidly solidified powder and the microstructure changes with heat treatment were investigated in terms and related to powder size. The microstructures of the powder consisted of dendritic α-Al, eutectic phase, Cu-rich phase, and needle-like intermetallic compounds. These phases were much finer than that of ingot cast structure and the size decreased with increasing cooling rate. The X-ray diffraction of the atomized powders revealed the presence of non-equilibrium 3-(AlFeSi) intermetallic phase. This phase appeared to transform to an equilibrium β-(AlFeSi) phase by heating at temperatures above 470°C. The extruded rod which was hot extruded at 360°C with an extrusion ratio of 40:1 also revealed the presence of the β-(AIFeSi) intermetallic phase. Using DSC, the exothermic peak due to precipitation from the supersaturated α-Al matrix was observed in the range of 200–250°C during continuous heating of atomized powder, and the size of the peaks increased with decreasing powder size.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00136858
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of a recurrent Sigma-Pi neural network rainfall forecasting system in Hong Kong (1997)
    Springer
    Neural computing & applications 5 (1997), S. 66-75 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-3058
    Keywords: Neural network ; Rainfall nowcasting ; Rain storm likelihood index ; Recurrent Sigma-P
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract At the moment, weather forecasting is still an art — the experience and intuition of forecasters play a significant role in determining the quality of forecasting. This paper describes the development of a new approach to rainfall forecasting using neural networks. It deals with the extraction of information from radar images and an evaluation of past rain gauge records to provide shortterm rainfall forecasting. All of the meteorological data were provided by the Royal Observatory of Hong Kong (ROHK). Preprocessing procedures were essential for this neural network rainfall forecasting. The forecast of the rainfall was performed every half an hour so that a storm warning signal can be delivered to the public in advance. The network architecture is based on a recurrent Sigma-Pi network. The results are very promising, and this neural-based rainfall forecasting system is capable of providing a rain storm warning signal to the Hong Kong public one hour ahead.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01501172
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bone-bonding behavior of three heat-treated silica gels implanted in mature rabbit bone (1995)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 57 (1995), S. 155-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Silica gel ; Silanol group ; Ca-P-rich layer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Silica gel has been reported to induce apatite nucleation on its surface in vitro and it can act as a stimulant that induces formation of chemical apatite (Ca-P) layers on the surfaces of bioactive glass-ceramics. In this study, apatite formation in response to and the bone-bonding behavior of solica gels implanted in the tibiae of mature rabbits were studied. Implants were made from three silica gels treated at 400, 800, and 1000°C, and the effects of such heat treatment on the above parameters were investigated. The silica gel was made by hydrolysis and polycondensation of tetraethoxysilane in aqueous solution containing polyethylene glycol. Rectangular implants (15 mm × 10 mm × 2 mm) of each heat-treated silica gel were implanted into both tibial bones of mature male rabbits, which were killed 4 or 8 weeks after implantation, and the tibiae containing the implants were dissected out. The bone-implant interfaces were investigated using Giemsa surface staining, contact microradiography, scanning electron microscopy-electron probe microanalysis, and X-ray diffraction. Histologically, no bonding of bone to any of the silica gels was observed at any time postimplantation. Soft tissue was observed at the bone-silica gel interface, but there were no giant foreign body or inflammatory cells. A Ca-P-rich layer was observed only on small areas of the surfaces of the silica gels treated at 400 and 800°C 4 and 8 weeks after implantation. X-Ray diffraction analysis confirmed the presence of hydroxyapatite in these Ca-P-rich layers. At no time after implantation was a Ca-P-rich layer observed on the surface of silica gel treated at 1000°C. It is thought that a special type of silanol group, which forms on silica gel treated below 800°C, is responsible for the apatite nucleation. A Ca-P layer does not always form reliably on the surfaces of silica gels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00298437
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vortex pairing in an axisymmetric jet using two-frequency acoustic forcing at low to moderate strouhal numbers (1998)
    Springer
    Experiments in fluids 25 (1998), S. 305-315 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1114
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract  Hot-wire measurement and multi-smoke wire flow visualization method are employed to study vortex pairing in the jet column mode under two-frequency forcing with controlled initial phase differences. For the range of 0.3〈St D 〈0.6, vortex pairing can be easily controlled by means of the fundamental and its subharmonic forcing with varying initial phase differences. As stable vortex pairing dominates, the variation of the subharmonic component with the initial phase difference changes from a sine shape to a cusp-like shape. The harmonics of the subharmonic also show similar trends. The detuning induces the amplitude and phase modulations of the u-signal in the time trace and the sideband growth in the spectra. The u-signal reflects the subharmonic variation with the initial phase difference in its envelope. For 0.6〈St D 〈0.9, non-pairing advection of vortices due to improper phase difference is sometimes observed under single-frequency forcing. In this case, vortex pairing can be made to occur by the addition of a subharmonic with very small amplitude. As the initial level of this subharmonic is increased, the onset position of vortex pairing moves upstream. In this range, the initial phase difference is not an effective parameter in controlling vortex pairing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003480050234
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of the metadynamic recrystallization parameter for AISI 304 stainless steel (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 18 (1999), S. 987-989 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4811
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006635812646
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