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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of a recurrent Sigma-Pi neural network rainfall forecasting system in Hong Kong (1997)
    Springer
    Neural computing & applications 5 (1997), S. 66-75 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-3058
    Keywords: Neural network ; Rainfall nowcasting ; Rain storm likelihood index ; Recurrent Sigma-P
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract At the moment, weather forecasting is still an art — the experience and intuition of forecasters play a significant role in determining the quality of forecasting. This paper describes the development of a new approach to rainfall forecasting using neural networks. It deals with the extraction of information from radar images and an evaluation of past rain gauge records to provide shortterm rainfall forecasting. All of the meteorological data were provided by the Royal Observatory of Hong Kong (ROHK). Preprocessing procedures were essential for this neural network rainfall forecasting. The forecast of the rainfall was performed every half an hour so that a storm warning signal can be delivered to the public in advance. The network architecture is based on a recurrent Sigma-Pi network. The results are very promising, and this neural-based rainfall forecasting system is capable of providing a rain storm warning signal to the Hong Kong public one hour ahead.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01501172
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Study on air pollution monitoring in Korea using instrumental neutron activation analysis (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 217 (1997), S. 83-89 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Trace elements in airborne particulate matter collected monthly at suburban and rural areas in Korea were analyzed by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA). Neutron irradiation of the samples was done at the irradiation hole (neutron flux 1·1013 n·cm−2·s−1) of the TRIGA Mark-III Research Reactor in the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute. For the verification of the analytical technique, two reference materials, NIST SRM-1648 and NIES CRM-8, were chosen for analysis. The accuracy and precision of the determinations of the 40 elements were compared with the reference values. We used this method (1) to analyze 30 trace elements in airborne particulate matter collected monthly with the high volume air sampler (PM-10) at two different locations and (2) to confirm the possibility of using this method as a routine monitoring tool to find out environmental pollution sources.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02055353
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sample treatment techniques for the determination of environmental radiocarbon in a nuclear power station area (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 239 (1999), S. 533-538 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract This report describes the environmental sample treatment techniques for14C measurement with liquid scintillation counter. The groundwater sample of about 80 liters was collected from well and inorganic carbon was removed by acidification and recirculated gas stripping with the extraction efficiency of more than 98%. The biological samples were freeze-dried and combusted to carbon dioxide in high pressure combustion unit with a combustion efficiency of nearly 99%. The14CO2 in the stack effluents was collected by an air bubbler with a collection efficiency of more than 99% for a sampling time of two weeks. Sampling of14C in reduced form also has been done by passing the gases through a tube furnace with Pt/Al and Pd/Al catalyst. Active and passive sampling methods for atmospheric14C measurements were compared in detail, and it could be concluded that the uncertainty associated with passive sampling method was quite acceptable for environmental monitoring. The CO2 trapped in NaOH was precipitated as BaCO3, and subsequently reconverted to CO2 for environmental samples and transferred to Carbo-Sorb ETM for liquid scintillation counting. In case higher precision is the deciding factor, benzene synthesis would be employed with home-made benzene synthesizer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02349064
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Human hair identification by instrumental neutron activation analysis (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 229 (1998), S. 143-147 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Nondestructive neutron activation technique was used to analyze 17 elements (Al, As, Au, Ba, Br, Cl, Cu, Hg, I, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Sb, Sr, V and Zn) in 75 human hair samples in 5 different locations, respectively, from 15 glassware workers. The analytical results were treated further statistically to find the elemental distribution among different human hairs and to identify the individual's hair. The identifying probability of one's hair by the comparison of elemental concentrations is found to be 104–106 times higher from the same person's than from any other person's. The standard deviation of the elemental concentrations of samples taken from 5 different locations of one person is about 5 times smaller than the standard deviation for individual's hair. These data support the possibility of using NAA of hair for human hair identification.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02389463
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optimization of liquid scintillation counting techniques for the determination of carbon-14 in environmental samples (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 239 (1999), S. 649-655 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The goal of this work was to optimize the liquid scintillation counting techniques for the determination of14C in stack effluent gases and in environmental samples such as biological and air samples. Carbon-14 activities in most environmental samples were measured with the direct CO2 absorption method. The highest figures of merit were found through the variation of Carbosorb E and Permafluor V ratio, and measurement windows. The best condition was an 1:1 volume ratio. Average 2.35 g of CO2 was reproducibly absorbed in the 20 ml mixture within 40 minutes. The counting efficiency determined by repeated analysis of NIST oxalic acid standard and the background count rate were measured to be 58.8±1.4% and 1.88±0.06 cpm, respectively, in case of saturated solution. The correction curves of counting efficiency for partially saturated solutions and for saturated solutions with quenching were prepared, respectively. The overall uncertainty of the sample specific activity for near background levels was estimated to be about 7% for 4 hours counting at 95% confidence level. Stack effluent gas samples were measured by a gel suspension counting method. After precipitation of CO2 in the form of BaCO3, 140 mg of which was mixed with 6 ml H2O and 12 ml of Instagel XF. The counting efficiency was measured to be 71.5±1.7% and the typical sensitivity of this technique was about 510 mBq/m3 for a 100 min count at a background count rate of 4.7 cpm. For the benzene counting method measurements were performed with a mixture of 3 ml benzene and 1 ml of scintillation cocktail (5 g of butyl-PBD in 100 ml of scintillation-grade toluene) in a low potassium 7 ml borosilicate glass vial. The counting efficiency and the background count rate were measured to be 64.3±1.0% and 0.51±0.05 cpm, respectively. The long-term stability of samples has been checked for all the counting techniques over a two week period, during which no apparent change in counting efficiency and background level was found.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02349085
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Trace element exposure in man by instrumental neutron activation analysis of hair (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 217 (1997), S. 107-109 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract A nondestructive instrumental neutron activation technique was used to analyze human hair samples collected from people living in metropolitan and rural areas in Korea. Samples were also collected from factory workers and cancer patients. Hair from metropolitan area residents contain higher concentrations of Ca, Mg, Zn, Cu, Na, Br, Mn, I and S than rural area residents. Concentrations of I and S from cancer patients, Mg, Zn, Al, Na, Mn and As from glassware workers were relatively higher. The results show that the trace element concentrations of the hair are possibly related to the trace element concentrations in the body.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02055357
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of multi-component pesticide residues in herbal medicines by GC-MS with electron impact ionization and with positive- and negative-ion chemical ionization (1999)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 49 (1999), S. 525-534 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry ; Organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticides ; Herbal medicines ; Selective-ion monitoring
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Multicomponent pesticide residues in herbal medicines have been analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) with electron impact (EI) ionization and positive- and negative-ion chemical ionization (PCI and NCI). Herbal medicines (5 g) were extracted with 65∶35 (%,v/v) acetonitrile-water, and partitioned with hexane-diethyl ether (1∶1) and hexane-dichloromethane (1∶1). The organic phase of the extracted fraction was cleaned on a Florisil column and analyzed by GC-MS with selected-ion monitoring (SIM). Method detection limits for 27 pesticides were tens of picograms for ECD, NPD and EI-SIM MS, and a few picograms for NCI-SIM MS. The calibration curve for the pesticide standard solution was linear within the range 0.003–30 pg for EI-SIM MS, PCI-SIM MS, and NCI-SIM MS. Mean recoveries of pesticides from spiked herbal medicines (0.75, 1.5, 3 pg) were 61–125% (RSD1–32%) for NCI-SIM MS and 74–121% (RSD 4–12%) for EI-SIM MS. Detection sensitivity and specificity of NCI-SIM MS were better than for ECD and NPD. Parallel use of EI-SIM MS, PCI-SIM MS and NCI-SIM MS was an excellent complementary method for identification and confirmation of multi-component pesticide residues in variety of herbal medicines.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02467753
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetic model of liquid B2O3 gasification in a hydrocarbon combustion environment: I. Heterogeneous surface reactions (1991)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 23 (1991), S. 957-970 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: As part of an ongoing program to model hydrocarbon assisted boron combustion, a kinetic model has been developed to describe gasification of the ubiquitous boron oxide coating that inhibits particulate boron ignition. This model includes homogeneous gas phase oxidation reactions, multi-component gas phase diffusion, heterogeneous surface reactions, and oxide vaporization. The kinetic processes are treated using a generalized kinetics code, with embeded sensitivity analysis, for the combustion of a one-dimensional (particle radius), spherical particle.This article presents the heterogeneous surface reactions used to describe oxide gasification and presents selected model results for a spherical boron oxide droplet which illustrate the dependence of the oxide gasification rates on the ambient temperature and particle diameter.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.550231102
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetic model for hydrocarbon-assisted particulate boron combustion (1994)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 26 (1994), S. 319-332 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A kinetic model is presented to describe the high temperature (1800 K 〈 T 〈 3000 K) surface oxidation of particulate boron in a hydrocarbon combustion environment. The model includes a homogeneous gas-phase B/O/H/C oxidation mechanism consisting of 19 chemical species and 58 forward and reverse elementary reactions, multi-component gas-phase diffusion, and a heterogeneous surface oxidation mechanism consisting of ‘elementary’ adsorption and desorption reaction steps. Thermochemical and kinetic parameters for the surface reactions are estimated from available experimental data and/or elementary transition state arguments. The kinetic processes are treated using a generalized kinetics code, with embedded sensitivity analysis, for the combustion of a one-dimensional (particle radius), spherical particle. Model results are presented for the oxidation of a 200 μm boron particle in a JP-4/air mixture at ambient temperatures of 1400 K and 2000 K. These results include temperature and gas-phase species profiles as a function of radial distance and particle burning rates. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.550260302
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  • 10
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    A scheme for spin transistor with extremely large on/off current ratio (2008)
    American Institute of Physics
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-12-15
    Print ISSN: 0021-8979
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7550
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics
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