Summary
Multicomponent pesticide residues in herbal medicines have been analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) with electron impact (EI) ionization and positive- and negative-ion chemical ionization (PCI and NCI). Herbal medicines (5 g) were extracted with 65∶35 (%,v/v) acetonitrile-water, and partitioned with hexane-diethyl ether (1∶1) and hexane-dichloromethane (1∶1). The organic phase of the extracted fraction was cleaned on a Florisil column and analyzed by GC-MS with selected-ion monitoring (SIM). Method detection limits for 27 pesticides were tens of picograms for ECD, NPD and EI-SIM MS, and a few picograms for NCI-SIM MS. The calibration curve for the pesticide standard solution was linear within the range 0.003–30 pg for EI-SIM MS, PCI-SIM MS, and NCI-SIM MS. Mean recoveries of pesticides from spiked herbal medicines (0.75, 1.5, 3 pg) were 61–125% (RSD1–32%) for NCI-SIM MS and 74–121% (RSD 4–12%) for EI-SIM MS. Detection sensitivity and specificity of NCI-SIM MS were better than for ECD and NPD. Parallel use of EI-SIM MS, PCI-SIM MS and NCI-SIM MS was an excellent complementary method for identification and confirmation of multi-component pesticide residues in variety of herbal medicines.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
H.-J. Stan, J. Chromatogr.467, 85 (1989).
R. Kumar, C. B. Shrama, Microchem. J.41, 48 (1990).
P. Rodriguez, J. Permanyer, J. Chromatogr.562, 547 (1991).
M. Suzuki, J. Chromatogr.312, 403 (1984).
W. Liao, T. Joe, W. G. Cusick, J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem.74, 554 (1991).
H.-J. Stan, G. Kellner, Biomed. Environ. Mass Spectrom.18, 645 (1989).
L. D. Betoski, H. M. Webb, A. D. Sauter, Biomed. Environ. Mass Spectrom.10, 369 (1983).
E. A. Stemmler, R. A. Hites, B. Arbogast, W. L. Budde, M. L. Deinzer, R. C. Dougherty, J. W. Eichelberger, R. L. Foltz, C. Grimm, E. P. Grimsrud, C. Sakashi, L. J. Sears, Anal. Chem.60, 781 (1988).
Yu Ma Cheng, C. K. Bayne, Anal. Chem.65, 772 (1993).
B. Arbogast, W. L. Budde, M. Deinzer, R. C. Dougherty, J. Eichelberger, R. D. Foltz, C. Grimm, R. A. Hites, C. Sakashita, E. Stemmler, Org. Mass Spectrom.25, 191 (1990).
G. Durand, D. Barceló, Anal. Chim. Acta243, 259 (1991).
D. Barceló, Trends Anal. Chem.10, 323 (1991).
D. Barceló, Anal. Chim. Acta263, 1 (1992).
M. K. Park, J. H. Park, H. R. Yoon, S. Y. Lee, Yakhak Hoeji,37(1), 54 (1993).
H. R. Yoon, E. J. Lee, M. K. Park, J. H. Park, Chromatographia.47, 517 (1998).
K. C. Ting, G. S. Tamashiro, J. Chromatogr.754, 455 (1996).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Yoon, H.R., Cho, S.Y., Kim, J.M. et al. Analysis of multi-component pesticide residues in herbal medicines by GC-MS with electron impact ionization and with positive- and negative-ion chemical ionization. Chromatographia 49, 525–534 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02467753
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02467753