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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Combined deficiency of iron and other divalent cations mitigates the symptoms of iron deficiency in tobacco plants (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Physiologia plantarum 119 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: To determine the responses of plants to deficiencies of multiple metals, tobacco plants (Nicotiana tabacum L.) were subjected to treatments that were deficient in combinations of Fe and two other micronutrients, Zn and Mn. The response was measured using macro indices, including plant appearance, FW, chlorophyll concentration, and mineral concentrations, and with a molecular index, the barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Ids2 promoter/GUS fusion gene system (Yoshihara et al. 2003, Plant Biotech 20: 33–41). Tobacco plants grown in medium with combined deficiencies grew better and had higher chlorophyll concentrations than did plants grown on medium deficient in Fe only, although the measured Fe concentrations in the plant tissues were essentially the same. The Ids2/GUS expression responded to Fe deficiency, but not to Mn or Zn deficiencies in tobacco plants when Fe was present. Tobacco plants grown in medium with combined deficiencies had clearly detectable GUS activity, but the response was significantly lower than that in tobacco plants deficient in Fe only. The Fe-deficiency symptoms were mitigated at both the visible and molecular levels. Although more precise experimental evidence is needed to explain the mitigation mechanism, the balance of minerals was shown to be an important parameter to consider when estimating iron deficiency based on tobacco plant responses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-3054.2003.00126.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enhanced tolerance of rice to low iron availability in alkaline soils using barley nicotianamine aminotransferase genes (2001)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature biotechnology 19 (2001), S. 466-469 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-1696
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] One of the widest ranging abiotic stresses in world agriculture arises from low iron (Fe) availability due to high soil pH, with 30% of arable land too alkaline for optimal crop production. Rice is especially susceptible to low iron supply, whereas other graminaceous crops such as barley are not. A ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/88143
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crystal Structure of Zr2Al3C4 (2005)
    Malden, USA : Blackwell Science Inc
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 88 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The crystal structure of Zr2Al3C4 was refined by the Rietveld method from conventional X-ray powder diffraction data. The structure was hexagonal (space group P63mc, Z=2) with a=0.334680(6) nm, c=2.22394(3) nm, and V=0.215731(6) nm3, being isomorphous with that of U2Al3C4. The final reliability indices were Rwp=8.57%, Rp=6.06%, and S=1.32. The crystal showed an intergrowth structure with NaCl-type ZrC slabs separated by Al4C3-type Al3C2 layers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1551-2916.2005.00627.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Is the release of phytosiderophores in zinc-deficient wheat plants a response to impaired iron utilization? (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 92 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The effect of zinc nutritional status on the time course of phytosiderophore release, and uptake of iron and translocation of iron to the shoot, was studied in nutrient solution cultures for two cultivars of wheat (Triticum aestivum. cv. Aroona: T. durum, cv. Duratit) differing in their susceptibility to zinc deficiency. In the zinc-efficient cultivar Aroona, under zinc deficiency translocation of iron from roots to shoot was significantly decreased in 13- and 15-day-old plants, whereas release of phytosiderophores was enhanced when the plants were 16 days old. As zinc deficiency became more severe in older plains, translocation of iron to the shoot was further decreased and release of phytosiderophores was further enhanced. Resupplying zinc in nutrient solution to zinc-deficient plants significantly increased the translocation of iron to the shoot after 48 and 72 h. Concomitantly the release of phytosiderophores was repressed. The other cultivar Durati classified as zinc-inefficient in field observations differed from cv. Aroona by showing a lower rate of phytosiderophore release under Zinc deficiency, and a less impaired translocation of iron to the shoot. Foliar application of iron citrate to zinc-deficient Aroona plants repressed the release of phytosiderophores and increased iron concentrations in shoot and roots. Application of 55Fe to the leaves demonstrated that retranslocation of iron from the shoot to the roots was not affected by the zinc nutritional status. It is concluded that enhanced release of phytosiderophores in zinc-deficient wheat plants was induced primarily by impaired trans-location of iron lo the shoot.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1994.tb08841.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Indirect utilization of the phytosiderophore mugineic acid as an iron source to rhizosphere fluorescent Pseudomonas (1993)
    Springer
    BioMetals 6 (1993), S. 119-123 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8773
    Keywords: iron uptake ; mugineic acid ; phytosiderophore ; Pseudomonas putida
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The phytosiderophore mugineic acid (MA) was studied as a source of iron for rhizosphere fluorescent pseudomonads. 55Fe supplied as Fe-MA was taken up by Pseudomonas putida WCS358, B10 and St3 grown under iron deficient conditions. The uptake decreased when the bacteria were grown in the presence of iron. However, no differences in uptake were observed when a siderophore deficient mutant was tested. Since ligand exchange between pseudobactin and MA was shown to occur rapidly with a half-life of 2 h, MA mediated iron uptake probably proceeds through this indirect mechanism. The ecological implications of these findings are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00140113
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunological characterization of a 36 kDa Fe deficiency specific peptide in barley roots (1997)
    Springer
    BioMetals 10 (1997), S. 77-84 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8773
    Keywords: barley roots ; graminaceous plants ; immunoblotting ; iron deficiency ; 36 kDa peptide ; 2D–PAGE
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract In a previous paper we reported that an acidic 36 kDa peptide is the most strongly induced peptide among several peptides induced by Fe deficiency in barley roots. In this paper, polyclonal antibodies were raised against the 36 kDa peptide. This peptide appeared in the roots of all the graminaceous species tested (barley, rye, wheat, oat, maize, sorghum and rice) in response to Fe deficiency. More of the peptide was found in the roots of graminaceous species which secrete higher amounts of mugineic acids (MAs) under Fe deficient nutrition status. Induction of the 36 kDa peptide was first observed on the third day of Fe deficiency, rising to a maximum value on the seventh day. The trend has a positive correlation with secretion of MAs during Fe deficiency. Further, resupply of Fe resulted in a decrease in peptide production on the second day, reaching a control level on the seventh day. The rate of decrease in peptide production was observed to be slower than that of MA secretion. Other nutrient stresses such as B excess, B deficiency, Cu excess, Cu deficiency, Mn excess, Mn deficiency, Zn excess and Zn deficiency induced far less of the peptide. The specific expression of the 36 kDa peptide in roots of graminaceous species under Fe deficiency suggested the positive association of the peptide with a specific Fe deficiency tolerance mechanism in graminaceous plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018323021721
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biosynthesis of nicotianamine in the suspension-cultured cells of tobacco (Nicotiana megalosiphon) (1989)
    Springer
    BioMetals 2 (1989), S. 142-145 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8773
    Keywords: Nicotianamine ; Phytosiderophore ; Mugineic acid ; Biosynthesis ; Nicotiana
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Seven kinds of suspension cell cultures from five species ofNicotiana were screened for the occurrence of nicotianamine. Nicotianamine was detected in the cultured cells ofN. megalosiphon andN. plumbaginifolia.l-[l-14C]Methionine, which is the precursor of the mugineic-acid-family phytosiderophores and nicotianamine in barley plants, was incorporated into nicotianamine by the cultured cells ofN. megalosiphon both in vivo and in vitro. The advantage of the cultured tobacco cells for the study of the biosynthesis of nicotianamine and the mugineic-acid-family phytosiderophores is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01142552
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of mugineic-acid-Fe transporter in Fe-deficient barley roots using the multi-compartment transport box method (1989)
    Springer
    BioMetals 2 (1989), S. 146-154 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8773
    Keywords: Barley ; Fe-deficiency ; Phytosiderophore ; Plasma membrane ; Transporter
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary We have investigated the mugineicacid-Fe transport activity of Fe-deficient barley roots, using the multi-compartment transport box system. The roots maintained Fe transport activity for 20 h after excision. The following results were obtained. (1) In Fe-deficient roots, mugineic acid addition enhanced the transport of Fe by 32.2 times over that of the control (with FeC13 addition). (2) The mugineic-acid-55Fe transport activity of Fe-deficient roots was 18.4-fold higher than that of the Fe-sufficient roots. (3) The mugineic-acid-55Fe transport activity was decreased (7.13% based on the control) by treatment with 5 μM carbonylcyanidem-chlorophenyl hydrazone (CCCP). Pretreatment with 0.1 mM dicyclohexyl carbodiimide (DCCD) lowered the transport activity (10.7% based on the control) and 1 mMN-ethylmaleimide (NEM) pretreatment reduced the transport activity to a value equivalent to 2.41% of that in the control. It is concluded that mugineicacid-Fe transporter is induced in its activity and/or amount by Fe-deficiency treatment and has an SH residue at its active site, and that the transporter needs the proton motive force produced by ATPase. We detected three polypeptides (14, 28 and 40 kDa) in the root plasma membrane that were induced under Fe-deficiency treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01142553
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of long-term daily administration of prostaglandin-E2 on maintaining elevated proximal tibial metaphyseal cancellous bone mass in male rats (1992)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 50 (1992), S. 245-252 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Prostaglandin E2 ; Long-term treatment ; Cancellous bone ; Bone formation ; Bone resorption ; Bone turnover ; Remodeling
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary The effects of long-term prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) on cancellous bone in proximal tibial metaphysis were studied in 7-month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats given daily subcutaneous injections of 0, 1, 3, and 6 mg PGE2/kg/day and sacrificed after 60, 120, and 180 days. Histomorphometric analyses were performed on double fluorescent-labeled undecalcified bone specimens. After 60 days of treatment, PGE2 produced diffusely labeled trabecular bone area, increased trabecular bone area, eroded and labeled trabecular perimeter, mineral apposition rate, and bone formation rate at all dose levels when compared with age-matched controls. In rats given PGE2 for longer time periods (120 and 180 days), trabecular bone area, diffusely labeled trabecular bone area, labeled perimeter, mineral apposition, and bone formation rates were sustained at the elevated levels achieved earlier at 60-day treatment. The eroded perimeter continued to increase until 120 days, then plateau. The observation that continuous systemic PGE2 administration to adult male rats elevated metaphyseal cancellous bone mass to 3.5-fold of the control level within 60 days and maintained it for another 120 days indicates that the powerful skeletal anabolic effects of PGE2 can be sustained with continuous administration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00296289
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A dioxygenase gene (Ids2) expressed under iron deficiency conditions in the roots of Hordeum vulgare (1994)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 25 (1994), S. 705-719 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: chlorosis ; DNA sequence ; Ids2 ; iron deficiency ; MAs ; phytosiderophores
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A λzapII cDNA library was constructed from mRNA isolated from Fe-deficient barley roots and screened with cDNA probes made from mRNA of Fe-deficient and Fe-sufficient (control) barley roots. Seven clones were selected. Among them a clone having the putative full-length mRNA of dioxygenase as judged by northern hybridization was selected and named Ids2 (iron deficiency-specific clone 2). Using a cDNA fragment as probe, two clones from the genomic library (λEMBL-III) were isolated and one was sequenced. The predicted amino acid sequence of Ids2 resembled that of 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase. Ids2 is expressed in the Fe-deficient barley roots but is not in the leaves. The expression is repressed by the availability of Fe. Ids2 was also strongly expressed under Mn deficiency and weakly under Zn deficiency or excess NaCl (0.5%). The upstream 5′-flanking region of Ids2 has a root-specific cis element of the CaMV 35S promoter and a nodule-specific element of leghemoglobin, a metal regulatory element (MRE) and several Cu regulatory elements (UAS) of yeast metallothionein (CUP1).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00029608
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