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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Similarity of bacterial communities in sawdust- and straw-amended cow manure composts (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 233 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: We analyzed bacterial communities in two cow manure composts derived from the same feed manure and composted in the same location, but composted with different carbon amendments, and in peat-based potting mixes amended with these composts. Bacterial communities were characterized by PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis of extracted DNAs, and population fingerprints generated for each sample were compared. Sequence analyses of dominant DGGE bands revealed that members of the phylum Bacteroidetes were the most dominant bacteria detected in this study (19 of 31 clones). These analyses demonstrate that bacterial community profiles of individual composts were highly similar, as were profiles of compost-amended potting mixes. However, potting mix profiles differed substantially from the original compost profiles and from that of the peat base. These data indicate that highly similar bacterial populations were active in the two composts, and suggest that the effects of the initial carbon amendment on the mature compost bacterial communities were minor, while factors such as the feed manure and composting location may have been more influential.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.femsle.2004.01.049
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of Dissolved Organic Matter Extracted from Composted Municipal Solid Waste (1998)
    Springer
    Soil Science Society of America journal 62 (1998), S. 326-331 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-0661
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: 13 C-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of the unfractionated DOM and of the different fractions. The hydrophobic acid (HoA) fraction was the dominant hydrophobic only active at the solid± liquid interface of the compost, fraction, exhibiting a moderate increase during composting. The hydrophobic neutral (HoN) fraction increased sharply while the hydrophobic bases (HoB) fraction decreased during composting. The hydrophilic neutrals (HiN) represented the major fraction of the hydrophiles until 120 d of composting, decreasing thereafter by 38%. The 13C-NMR spectra of the unfractionated DOMrevealed an increasing level of aromatic structures in the residual DOM with composting time. The 13C-NMR spectra of the HoA fraction suggested a polyphenol± humic structure, whereas the HoN spectra exhibited strong aliphatic features. The spectra of the HiN fraction confirmed its polysaccharide nature and the hydrophilic bases (HiB) fraction contained mainly proteins and carbohydrate± amino complexes. A comparison between the 13C-NMR spectra of HoA and fulvic acid (FA) indicated the former to be the most soluble FA fraction. The steady DOM concentration and the relative decrease of HiN as the HoA and HoN fractions increased indicates that DOMat the final stage of composting contained less bioavailable organic matter and more macromolecules chemi-related to humic substances. The constant level of DOM observed during the curing and maturation stages represents a steady-state prelimi-situation during which the chemical composition is continually changing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fungal activities involved in lignocellulose degradation by Pleurotus (1984)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 20 (1984), S. 150-154 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary During growth of Pleurotus on cotton straw both the straw in general and the lignin in particular were degraded. After 4 days of fungal growth, activity of laccase, catechol oxidase, peroxidase, and cellulase were detected. This activity, however, declined rapidly after 8–10 days of growth. Lignin degradation began after 10 days and reached a maximum after 21 days. It would seem that the preliminary action of laccase is a prerequisite for lignin degradation. The Pleurotus ostreatus strain ‘P3’ had no detectable laccase activity and showed very poor ability to degrade cotton straw and lignin. Water extract of cotton straw was found to be a potent inducer of laccase in liquid medium and had an effect much stronger than several small phenolic compounds. The degradation of washed cotton straw and lignin from this straw was lower than native straw, so was laccase activity on this medium. High carbon dioxide concentrations encouraged straw degradation by P. ostreatus ‘florida’ but severly limited lignin degradation. Other fungi including the known lignin degrader Phanarochaete chrysosporium were able to degrade up to 40% of cotton straw dry weight within 21 days of fungal growth. The percentage degradation of lignin, however, was very low (only 10% in 21 days). Pleurotus ostreatus ‘florida’ was able to degrade up to 56% of the lignin within this time. After treatment with P. ostreatus ‘florida’ almost four times as much glucose was released when the straw was treated with commercial cellulases, showing increased availability of cellulose. It is suggested that treatment with P. ostreatus ‘florida’ may be used to enrich low value food materials for ruminant animals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00252594
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The decolorization of the polymeric dye Poly-Blue (polyvinalamine sulfonate-anthroquinone) by lignin degrading fungi (1985)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 21 (1985), S. 394-396 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary In this work we have investigated the decolorization of the polymeric dye Poly-B411 by several fungi. Only fungi with known lignin degrading ability were able to decolorize the dye. Pleurotus ostreatus sp. ‘florida’ decolorized the dye both in solid and liquid media. Decolorizing ability developed in the absence of the dye but only when the fungus had been previously cultivated on lignin containing substrates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00249987
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of medium composition on 1-octen-3-ol formation in submerged cultures of Pleurotus pulmonarius (1994)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 40 (1994), S. 629-633 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract The effect of nitrogen and fatty-acid-rich substrates on the production of 1-octen-3-ol by the edible fungus Pleurotus pulmonarius, during growth in both shaken flask and fermentor cultures, and in-vitro, in post-harvested mycelium, was studied. Addition of soybean flour and soybean oil to the growth medium enhanced 1-octen-3-ol production about sevenfold and doubled the fungal biomass, as compared to that obtained from P. pulmonarius cultured on a defined synthetic medium. A clear relationship between the production of 1-octen-3-ol and lipoxygenase activity was found during the growth of mushroom pellets. The highest in-vitro generation of 1-octen-3-ol was obtained upon addition of exogenous linoleic acid and pure O2 to pellets grown with soybean fluor and soybean oil. This generation was even higher than that of fruiting bodies exposed to the same conditions. These results suggest that lipoxygenase activity and, subsequently, 1-octen-3-ol biosynthesis in P. pulmonarius are enhanced by the presence of substrates containing fatty acids in the growth medium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00173319
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of medium composition on 1-octen-3-ol formation in submerged cultures of Pleurotus pulmonarius (1994)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 40 (1994), S. 629-633 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract. The effect of nitrogen and fatty-acid-rich substrates on the production of 1-octen-3-ol by the edible fungus Pleurotus pulmonarius, during growth in both shaken flask and fermentor cultures, and in-vitro, in post-harvested mycelium, was studied. Addition of soybean flour and soybean oil to the growth medium enhanced 1-octen-3-ol production about sevenfold and doubled the fungal biomass, as compared to that obtained from P. pulmonarius cultured on a defined synthetic medium. A clear relationship between the production of 1-octen-3-ol and lipoxygenase activity was found during the growth of mushroom pellets. The highest in-vitro generation of 1-octen-3-ol was obtained upon addition of exogenous linoleic acid and pure O2 to pellets grown with soybean fluor and soybean oil. This generation was even higher than that of fruiting bodies exposed to the same conditions. These results suggest that lipoxygenase activity and, subsequently, 1-octen-3-ol biosynthesis in P. pulmonarius are enhanced by the presence of substrates containing fatty acids in the growth medium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530050040
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Utilization of lignocellulosic waste by the edible mushroom, Pleurotus (1992)
    Springer
    Biodegradation 3 (1992), S. 189-205 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9729
    Keywords: lignin degradation ; Pleurotus ; lignocellulose utilization ; solid state fermentation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Lignocellulosic waste represents huge amounts of unutilized renewable resource. The use of the polysaccharides in the lignocellulosic complex is limited due to their high lignin content. White rot fungi are capable of selectively degrading lignin, thereby upgrading it. The focus of this article is on the potential utilization of edible mushrooms of the genus Pleurotus, via solid state fermentation, using cotton plant stalks as a substrate. This material poses agrotechnical problems since the stalks have a fibrous structure similar to that of hardwood. Potential uses for this material are as a fuel in rural areas, a substrate for mushrooms, an animal feed and substrate for paper making. In this study, degradation of cotton stalks by Pleurotus is described using chemical analyses and scanning electron microscopy. During four weeks of solid state fermentation, lignin content significantly decreased and in vitro digestibility was increased. The fermentation product was consumed by ruminants at a level of up to 40% of their diet.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00129083
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fe nutrition demand and utilization by the green alga Dunaliella bardawil (1999)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 215 (1999), S. 175-182 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The Fe nutritional demands, requirements and mechanisms of uptake by Dunaliella bardawil as well as potential Fe sources were studied. A comparison between Fe uptake from bacterial siderophores and from synthetic ferric chelates revealed algal growth response and chlorophyll synthesis to increasing concentrations and availability at a range of 0.01 μM–5 μM, as well as differences in efficiency. Furthermore, chloroplast ultrastructure, as observed by TEM, was affected by Fe deficiency, as was chlorophyll content. Ferric reduction is involved in the Fe uptake mechanism of Fe-stressed D. bardawil. Nutrient solution with controlled levels of free Fe2+ as well as spectrophotometric assays were used to measure Fe3+ reduction. This study shows that D. bardawil utilizes Fe3+ via a reduction mechanism, similar to that of strategy-I higher plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004760613906
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Indirect utilization of the phytosiderophore mugineic acid as an iron source to rhizosphere fluorescent Pseudomonas (1993)
    Springer
    BioMetals 6 (1993), S. 119-123 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8773
    Keywords: iron uptake ; mugineic acid ; phytosiderophore ; Pseudomonas putida
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The phytosiderophore mugineic acid (MA) was studied as a source of iron for rhizosphere fluorescent pseudomonads. 55Fe supplied as Fe-MA was taken up by Pseudomonas putida WCS358, B10 and St3 grown under iron deficient conditions. The uptake decreased when the bacteria were grown in the presence of iron. However, no differences in uptake were observed when a siderophore deficient mutant was tested. Since ligand exchange between pseudobactin and MA was shown to occur rapidly with a half-life of 2 h, MA mediated iron uptake probably proceeds through this indirect mechanism. The ecological implications of these findings are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00140113
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  • 10
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    Recycling of Cattle Manure: The Composting Process and Characterization of Maturity (1993)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-10-01
    Print ISSN: 0047-2425
    Electronic ISSN: 1537-2537
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Wiley
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