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  • Chemical Engineering  (253)
  • Mice  (196)
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  • 1995-1999  (453)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 1995-11-17
    Description: Strategies for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (HIV-1) infection must contend with the obstacle of drug resistance. HIV-1 nucleocapsid protein zinc fingers are prime antiviral targets because they are mutationally intolerant and are required both for acute infection and virion assembly. Nontoxic disulfide-substituted benzamides were identified that attack the zinc fingers, inactivate cell-free virions, inhibit acute and chronic infections, and exhibit broad antiretroviral activity. The compounds were highly synergistic with other antiviral agents, and resistant mutants have not been detected. Zinc finger-reactive compounds may offer an anti-HIV strategy that restricts drug-resistance development.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rice, W G -- Supko, J G -- Malspeis, L -- Buckheit, R W Jr -- Clanton, D -- Bu, M -- Graham, L -- Schaeffer, C A -- Turpin, J A -- Domagala, J -- Gogliotti, R -- Bader, J P -- Halliday, S M -- Coren, L -- Sowder, R C 2nd -- Arthur, L O -- Henderson, L E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Nov 17;270(5239):1194-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Mechanisms, PRI/DynCorp., National Cancer Institute-Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center, MD 21702, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7502043" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antiviral Agents/chemistry/pharmacokinetics/*pharmacology ; Benzamides/chemistry/pharmacokinetics/*pharmacology ; Biological Availability ; Capsid/chemistry/*metabolism ; *Capsid Proteins ; Cell Line ; Disulfides/chemistry/pharmacokinetics/*pharmacology ; Drug Resistance, Microbial ; Drug Synergism ; Gene Products, gag/*antagonists & inhibitors/chemistry ; HIV-1/*drug effects/physiology ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Viral Proteins ; Zinc Fingers/*drug effects ; gag Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 1999-08-07
    Description: DNA-damaged cells can either repair the DNA or be eliminated through a homeostatic control mechanism termed "cellular proofreading." Elimination of DNA-damaged cells after ultraviolet radiation (UVR) through sunburn cell (apoptotic keratinocyte) formation is thought to be pivotal for the removal of precancerous skin cells. Sunburn cell formation was found to be dependent on Fas ligand (FasL), a pro-apoptotic protein induced by DNA damage. Chronic exposure to UVR caused 14 of 20 (70 percent) FasL-deficient mice and 1 of 20 (5 percent) wild-type mice to accumulate p53 mutations in the epidermis. Thus, FasL-mediated apoptosis is important for skin homeostasis, suggesting that the dysregulation of Fas-FasL interactions may be central to the development of skin cancer.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hill, L L -- Ouhtit, A -- Loughlin, S M -- Kripke, M L -- Ananthaswamy, H N -- Owen-Schaub, L B -- CA45623/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA52457/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- F32 AI09351/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Aug 6;285(5429):898-900.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Immunology, University of Texas, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10436160" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, CD95/genetics/physiology ; Apoptosis ; *DNA Damage ; Epidermis/*cytology/metabolism/radiation effects ; Fas Ligand Protein ; *Genes, p53 ; Keratinocytes/*cytology/metabolism/radiation effects ; Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics/*physiology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C3H ; Mutation ; Skin Neoplasms/*etiology/pathology ; Ultraviolet Rays ; Up-Regulation
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 1997-01-17
    Description: Familial combined hyperlipidemia (FCHL) is a common inherited lipid disorder, affecting 1 to 2 percent of the population in Westernized societies. Individuals with FCHL have large quantities of very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) and develop premature coronary heart disease. A mouse model displaying some of the features of FCHL was created by crossing mice carrying the human apolipoprotein C-III (APOC3) transgene with mice deficient in the LDL receptor. A synergistic interaction between the apolipoprotein C-III and the LDL receptor defects produced large quantities of VLDL and LDL and enhanced the development of atherosclerosis. This mouse model may provide clues to the origin of human FCHL.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Masucci-Magoulas, L -- Goldberg, I J -- Bisgaier, C L -- Serajuddin, H -- Francone, O L -- Breslow, J L -- Tall, A R -- HL 21006/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL 54591/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Jan 17;275(5298):391-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, Columbia University, 630 West 168 Street, New York, NY 10032, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8994037" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Apolipoprotein C-III ; Apolipoproteins B/blood ; Apolipoproteins C/*genetics ; Apolipoproteins E/blood ; Arteriosclerosis/etiology ; Carrier Proteins/genetics ; Cholesterol/blood ; Cholesterol Ester Transfer Proteins ; Cholesterol, HDL/blood ; Cholesterol, LDL/blood ; Cholesterol, VLDL/blood ; Diet ; *Disease Models, Animal ; Disease Susceptibility ; Female ; *Glycoproteins ; Humans ; *Hyperlipidemia, Familial Combined/blood/genetics ; Hyperlipoproteinemia Type IV/genetics ; Lipoproteins/blood ; Lipoproteins, VLDL/blood ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; *Mice, Transgenic ; Receptors, LDL/*genetics/metabolism ; Transgenes ; Triglycerides/blood
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 1997-10-06
    Description: Apoptosis of mouse neocortical neurons induced by serum deprivation or by staurosporine was associated with an early enhancement of delayed rectifier (IK) current and loss of total intracellular K+. This IK augmentation was not seen in neurons undergoing excitotoxic necrosis or in older neurons resistant to staurosporine-induced apoptosis. Attenuating outward K+ current with tetraethylammonium or elevated extracellular K+, but not blockers of Ca2+, Cl-, or other K+ channels, reduced apoptosis, even if associated increases in intracellular Ca2+ concentration were prevented. Furthermore, exposure to the K+ ionophore valinomycin or the K+-channel opener cromakalim induced apoptosis. Enhanced K+ efflux may mediate certain forms of neuronal apoptosis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yu, S P -- Yeh, C H -- Sensi, S L -- Gwag, B J -- Canzoniero, L M -- Farhangrazi, Z S -- Ying, H S -- Tian, M -- Dugan, L L -- Choi, D W -- 30337/PHS HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Oct 3;278(5335):114-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for the Study of Nervous System Injury and Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9311914" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Chloromethyl Ketones/pharmacology ; Animals ; *Apoptosis/drug effects ; Benzopyrans/pharmacology ; Calcium/metabolism ; Cerebral Cortex/cytology ; Cromakalim ; Cycloheximide/pharmacology ; Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Gadolinium/pharmacology ; Mice ; N-Methylaspartate/pharmacology ; Neurons/*cytology/metabolism ; Neuroprotective Agents/pharmacology ; Nifedipine/pharmacology ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Potassium/*metabolism ; Potassium Channels/drug effects/*metabolism ; Pyrroles/pharmacology ; Staurosporine/pharmacology ; Tetraethylammonium ; Tetraethylammonium Compounds/pharmacology ; Veratridine/pharmacology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 41 (1995), S. 1413-1425 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The adsorption of ethane from helium was measured in beds packed with 2.5 μm zeolite crystals and containing either a single hollow fiber or multiple fibers. THe single-fiber experiments indicate that the mass-transfer rate in bends containing zeolite 13X is limited by diffusion across the fiber wall and through macropores. FOr adsorption in single-fiber beds packed with zeolite 4A, mass transfer is limited by micropore diffusion within the particles. Breakthrough curves from beds containign 13X are adequately described with the linear driving force model, while curves from beds containing 4A are consistent with the Rosen model.Breakthrough curves from beds packed with zeolite 13X and containing multiple fibers can be predicted from the experiments with single-fiber beds when the fibers are evenly spaced. When fibers are unevenly spaced, the breakthrough curves are more disperse. Unevenly spaced fibers are the normal case. Even when fibers are evenly spaced, the productivity of hollow-fiber beds is expected to be no greater than that in conventional beds.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 43 (1997), S. 847-850 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: An investigation into the effect of isothermal aging on the development of transverse cracks in cross-ply laminates of two high temperature composite systems was performed. The composite materials investigated were BASF X5260/640-800 and DuPont Avimid K/IM6. Changes in the glass transition temperature, composite weight loss, crack density, and mode I intralaminar fracture toughness were monitored during isothermal aging in air at 177°C for up to 2232 h. The two laminate configurations used in this study include two variations of the generic cross-ply configuration [02/90n]s, in which n equals 1 and 2. The results of this investigation show that a layer of degraded material forms at the surface of the X5260/640-800 bismaleimide laminates and that the thickness of the degraded layer increases with aging time. After 744 h of aging, transverse cracks form in the surface plies and an increasing crack density evolves as aging time is increased; however, transverse cracks do not form in the inner 90° ply groups with aging during the time period investigated. The Avimid K/IM6 thermoplastic polyimide laminates, which show evidence of cracking prior to aging, do not exhibit any significant change in crack density with aging. The results of the aging experiments also show that the bismaleimide system exhibits a weight loss of 1.5% and an increase in glass transition temperature from 250°C to 300°C after 2232 h of aging at 177°C, while the thermoplastic polyimide system shows a weight loss of only 0.05% and an increase in glass transition temperature from 280 to 285°C after 2232 h. Changes in the resistance to crack formation are also seen in these materials during aging. The mode I intralaminar fracture toughness, a measure of resistance to transverse crack formation, shows a 50% decrease after aging for 2232 h for the bismaleimide system, while the behavior exhibited by the thermoplastic polyimide shows little evidence of a reduction.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 1999-10-03
    Description: Precursors of alpha-defensin peptides require activation for bactericidal activity. In mouse small intestine, matrilysin colocalized with alpha-defensins (cryptdins) in Paneth cell granules, and in vitro it cleaved the pro segment from cryptdin precursors. Matrilysin-deficient (MAT-/-) mice lacked mature cryptdins and accumulated precursor molecules. Intestinal peptide preparations from MAT-/- mice had decreased antimicrobial activity. Orally administered bacteria survived in greater numbers and were more virulent in MAT-/- mice than in MAT+/+ mice. Thus, matrilysin functions in intestinal mucosal defense by regulating the activity of defensins, which may be a common role for this metalloproteinase in its numerous epithelial sites of expression.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wilson, C L -- Ouellette, A J -- Satchell, D P -- Ayabe, T -- Lopez-Boado, Y S -- Stratman, J L -- Hultgren, S J -- Matrisian, L M -- Parks, W C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Oct 1;286(5437):113-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Pulmonary Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA. wilson_c@kids.wustl.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10506557" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Catalysis ; Cytoplasmic Granules/enzymology ; Escherichia coli/growth & development ; Escherichia coli Infections/immunology/microbiology ; Female ; Humans ; *Immunity, Innate ; *Immunity, Mucosal ; Intestinal Mucosa/enzymology/immunology/microbiology ; Intestine, Small/enzymology/*immunology/microbiology ; Male ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 7 ; Metalloendopeptidases/genetics/*metabolism ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Paneth Cells/enzymology ; Protein Precursors/genetics/*metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Salmonella typhimurium/growth & development/pathogenicity ; Tissue Extracts/pharmacology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 1998-10-23
    Description: Patients with abetalipoproteinemia, a disease caused by defects in the microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP), do not produce apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins. It was hypothesized that small molecule inhibitors of MTP would prevent the assembly and secretion of these atherogenic lipoproteins. To test this hypothesis, two compounds identified in a high-throughput screen for MTP inhibitors were used to direct the synthesis of a highly potent MTP inhibitor. This molecule (compound 9) inhibited the production of lipoprotein particles in rodent models and normalized plasma lipoprotein levels in Watanabe-heritable hyperlipidemic (WHHL) rabbits, which are a model for human homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. These results suggest that compound 9, or derivatives thereof, has potential applications for the therapeutic lowering of atherogenic lipoprotein levels in humans.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wetterau, J R -- Gregg, R E -- Harrity, T W -- Arbeeny, C -- Cap, M -- Connolly, F -- Chu, C H -- George, R J -- Gordon, D A -- Jamil, H -- Jolibois, K G -- Kunselman, L K -- Lan, S J -- Maccagnan, T J -- Ricci, B -- Yan, M -- Young, D -- Chen, Y -- Fryszman, O M -- Logan, J V -- Musial, C L -- Poss, M A -- Robl, J A -- Simpkins, L M -- Slusarchyk, W A -- Sulsky, R -- Taunk, P -- Magnin, D R -- Tino, J A -- Lawrence, R M -- Dickson, J K Jr -- Biller, S A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Oct 23;282(5389):751-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Metabolic Diseases, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Princeton, NJ 08543-4000, USA. Wetterau_John_R@msmail.bms.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9784135" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alanine Transaminase/blood ; Animals ; Apolipoproteins B/*blood ; Aspartate Aminotransferases/blood ; Carrier Proteins/*antagonists & inhibitors ; Cholesterol/*blood ; Cricetinae ; Disease Models, Animal ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drug Design ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ; Fluorenes/chemistry/pharmacokinetics/*pharmacology ; Humans ; Hyperlipidemias/blood/drug therapy ; Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II/*blood/drug therapy ; Lipids/blood ; Lipoproteins/blood ; Liver/metabolism ; Mice ; Piperidines/chemistry/pharmacokinetics/*pharmacology ; Rabbits ; Rats ; Triglycerides/*blood/metabolism ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 1997-04-25
    Description: The gene encoding the BCL-6 transcriptional repressor is frequently translocated and mutated in diffuse large cell lymphoma. Mice with a disrupted BCL-6 gene developed myocarditis and pulmonary vasculitis, had no germinal centers, and had increased expression of T helper cell type 2 cytokines. The BCL-6 DNA recognition motif resembled sites bound by the STAT (signal transducers and activators of transcription) transcription factors, which mediate cytokine signaling. BCL-6 could repress interleukin-4 (IL-4)-induced transcription when bound to a site recognized by the IL-4-responsive transcription factor Stat6. Thus, dysregulation of STAT-responsive genes may underlie the inflammatory disease in BCL-6-deficient mice and participate in lymphoid malignancies.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dent, A L -- Shaffer, A L -- Yu, X -- Allman, D -- Staudt, L M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Apr 25;276(5312):589-92.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Metabolism Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9110977" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; B-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Cells, Cultured ; Cytokines/*biosynthesis ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Ficoll/analogs & derivatives/immunology ; Germinal Center/*immunology ; Hemocyanin/immunology ; Immunoglobulins/biosynthesis ; Inflammation/*immunology/pathology ; Interferon-gamma/biosynthesis ; Interleukin-4/metabolism ; Interleukins/biosynthesis/metabolism ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Mice ; Myocarditis/immunology/pathology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-6 ; Receptors, IgE/genetics ; STAT6 Transcription Factor ; Signal Transduction ; Spleen/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Th2 Cells/immunology ; Trans-Activators/metabolism ; Transcription Factors/genetics/*physiology ; Transcription, Genetic ; Trinitrobenzenes/immunology ; Vasculitis/immunology/pathology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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