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  • 1
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    Carbon in Amazon forests: unexpected seasonal fluxes and disturbance-induced losses (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-12-04
    Description: The net ecosystem exchange of carbon dioxide was measured by eddy covariance methods for 3 years in two old-growth forest sites near Santarem, Brazil. Carbon was lost in the wet season and gained in the dry season, which was opposite to the seasonal cycles of both tree growth and model predictions. The 3-year average carbon loss was 1.3 (confidence interval: 0.0 to 2.0) megagrams of carbon per hectare per year. Biometric observations confirmed the net loss but imply that it is a transient effect of recent disturbance superimposed on long-term balance. Given that episodic disturbances are characteristic of old-growth forests, it is likely that carbon sequestration is lower than has been inferred from recent eddy covariance studies at undisturbed sites.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Saleska, Scott R -- Miller, Scott D -- Matross, Daniel M -- Goulden, Michael L -- Wofsy, Steven C -- da Rocha, Humberto R -- de Camargo, Plinio B -- Crill, Patrick -- Daube, Bruce C -- de Freitas, Helber C -- Hutyra, Lucy -- Keller, Michael -- Kirchhoff, Volker -- Menton, Mary -- Munger, J William -- Pyle, Elizabeth Hammond -- Rice, Amy H -- Silva, Hudson -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Nov 28;302(5650):1554-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. saleska@fas.harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14645845" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Brazil ; Carbon/*analysis/metabolism ; Carbon Dioxide/*analysis/metabolism ; Confidence Intervals ; *Ecosystem ; Oxygen Consumption ; Photosynthesis ; Rain ; *Seasons ; *Trees/growth & development/metabolism ; Wood
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Self-organized patchiness and catastrophic shifts in ecosystems (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-09-28
    Description: Unexpected sudden catastrophic shifts may occur in ecosystems, with concomitant losses or gains of ecological and economic resources. Such shifts have been theoretically attributed to positive feedback and bistability of ecosystem states. However, verifications and predictive power with respect to catastrophic responses to a changing environment are lacking for spatially extensive ecosystems. This situation impedes management and recovery strategies for such ecosystems. Here, we review recent studies on various ecosystems that link self-organized patchiness to catastrophic shifts between ecosystem states.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rietkerk, Max -- Dekker, Stefan C -- de Ruiter, Peter C -- van de Koppel, Johan -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Sep 24;305(5692):1926-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Environmental Sciences, Copernicus Institute, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80115, 3508 TC Utrecht, Netherlands.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15448261" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Ecosystem ; Feedback, Physiological ; Models, Biological ; Plant Physiological Phenomena ; Water
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    ENSO-like forcing on oceanic primary production during the Late Pleistocene (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-09-29
    Description: Late Pleistocene changes in oceanic primary productivity along the equator in the Indian and Pacific oceans are revealed by quantitative changes in nanoplankton communities preserved in nine deep-sea cores. We show that variations in equatorial productivity are primarily caused by glacial-interglacial variability and by precession-controlled changes in the east-west thermocline slope of the Indo-Pacific. The precession-controlled variations in productivity are linked to processes similar to the Southern Oscillation phenomenon, and they precede changes in the oxygen isotopic ratio, which indicates that they are not the result of ice sheet fluctuations. The 30,000-year spectral peak in the tropical Indo-Pacific Ocean productivity records is also present in the Antarctica atmospheric CO2 record, suggesting an important role for equatorial biological productivity in modifying atmospheric CO2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Beaufort, L -- de Garidel-Thoron, T -- Mix, A C -- Pisias, N G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Sep 28;293(5539):2440-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉CNRS-CEREGE, BP 80, 13545 Aix-en-Provence Cedex 04, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11577233" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Atmosphere ; Carbon Dioxide ; *Climate ; *Ecosystem ; *Eukaryota ; *Fossils ; Indian Ocean ; Light ; Marine Biology ; Oxygen Isotopes ; Pacific Ocean ; *Plankton ; Seawater ; Time
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Hurricane disturbance and tropical tree species diversity (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-10-29
    Description: The debate over the maintenance of high diversity of tree species in tropical forests centers on the role of tree-fall gaps as a primary source of disturbance. Using a 10-year data series accumulated since Hurricane Joan struck the Caribbean coast of Nicaragua in 1988, we examined the pattern of species accumulation over time and with increased sampling of individuals. Our analysis shows that the pattern after a hurricane differs from the pattern after a simple tree-fall disturbance, and we conclude that pioneers are limited in large disturbances and thus do not suppress other species the way they do in smaller disturbances.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vandermeer, J -- Granzow de la Cerda, I -- Boucher, D -- Perfecto, I -- Ruiz, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Oct 27;290(5492):788-91.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, University Herbarium, School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. jvander@umich.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11052939" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Climate ; *Disasters ; *Ecosystem ; *Trees
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Ecology. Can protected areas be expanded in Africa? (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-02-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Musters, C J -- de Graaf, H J -- ter Keurs, W J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Mar 10;287(5459):1759-60.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Environmental Biology, Institute of Evolutionary and Ecological Sciences, University of Leiden, Leiden, Netherlands. musters@rulsfb.leidenuniv.nl〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10755927" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa ; Agriculture ; Animals ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Economics ; *Ecosystem ; Humans ; Population Growth
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Ecology. Ecogenomics benefits community ecology (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-08-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dicke, Marcel -- van Loon, Joop J A -- de Jong, Peter W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jul 30;305(5684):618-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, Post Office Box 8031, NL-6700 EH Wageningen, Netherlands. marcel.dicke@wur.nl〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15286351" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological ; Aldehyde-Lyases/genetics/metabolism ; Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System/genetics/metabolism ; *Ecology ; *Ecosystem ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Gene Silencing ; *Genomics ; Genotype ; Insects/*physiology ; Intramolecular Oxidoreductases/genetics/metabolism ; Lipoxygenase/genetics/metabolism ; Phenotype ; Plants/genetics ; Signal Transduction ; Tobacco/genetics/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    Genomics and evolution. Shotgun sequencing in the sea: a blast from the past? (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-04-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Falkowski, Paul G -- de Vargas, Colomban -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Apr 2;304(5667):58-60. Epub 2004 Mar 4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Environmental Biophysics and Molecular Ecology Program and the Department of Geological Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA. falko@imcs.rutgers.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15066774" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Biological ; Archaea/*genetics ; Atlantic Ocean ; Bacteria/*genetics ; Biodiversity ; Biological Evolution ; Chromosomes, Artificial, Bacterial ; Computational Biology ; DNA, Ribosomal/genetics ; *Ecosystem ; Genetic Variation ; Genome, Archaeal ; Genome, Bacterial ; *Genomics ; Plankton/genetics ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Seawater/*microbiology ; *Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Water Microbiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Asphalt volcanism and chemosynthetic life in the Campeche Knolls, Gulf of Mexico (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-05-15
    Description: In the Campeche Knolls, in the southern Gulf of Mexico, lava-like flows of solidified asphalt cover more than 1 square kilometer of the rim of a dissected salt dome at a depth of 3000 meters below sea level. Chemosynthetic tubeworms and bivalves colonize the sea floor near the asphalt, which chilled and contracted after discharge. The site also includes oil seeps, gas hydrate deposits, locally anoxic sediments, and slabs of authigenic carbonate. Asphalt volcanism creates a habitat for chemosynthetic life that may be widespread at great depth in the Gulf of Mexico.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉MacDonald, I R -- Bohrmann, G -- Escobar, E -- Abegg, F -- Blanchon, P -- Blinova, V -- Bruckmann, W -- Drews, M -- Eisenhauer, A -- Han, X -- Heeschen, K -- Meier, F -- Mortera, C -- Naehr, T -- Orcutt, B -- Bernard, B -- Brooks, J -- de Farago, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 May 14;304(5673):999-1002.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Physical and Life Sciences Department, Texas A & M University-Corpus Christi, 6300 Ocean Drive, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA. imacdonald@falcon.tamucc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15143278" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Annelida/physiology ; Anthozoa/physiology ; Bacterial Physiological Phenomena ; Biodiversity ; Bivalvia/physiology ; Crustacea/physiology ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Fishes/physiology ; Gases ; *Geologic Sediments ; *Hydrocarbons ; Invertebrates/physiology ; Mollusca/physiology ; Petroleum ; Seawater ; *Volcanic Eruptions
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Glacial refugia: hotspots but not melting pots of genetic diversity (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-06-07
    Description: Glacial refuge areas are expected to harbor a large fraction of the intraspecific biodiversity of the temperate biota. To test this hypothesis, we studied chloroplast DNA variation in 22 widespread European trees and shrubs sampled in the same forests. Most species had genetically divergent populations in Mediterranean regions, especially those with low seed dispersal abilities. However, the genetically most diverse populations were not located in the south but at intermediate latitudes, a likely consequence of the admixture of divergent lineages colonizing the continent from separate refugia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Petit, Remy J -- Aguinagalde, Itziar -- de Beaulieu, Jacques-Louis -- Bittkau, Christiane -- Brewer, Simon -- Cheddadi, Rachid -- Ennos, Richard -- Fineschi, Silvia -- Grivet, Delphine -- Lascoux, Martin -- Mohanty, Aparajita -- Muller-Starck, Gerhard -- Demesure-Musch, Brigitte -- Palme, Anna -- Martin, Juan Pedro -- Rendell, Sarah -- Vendramin, Giovanni G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jun 6;300(5625):1563-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR Biodiversite, Genes et Ecosystemes, F-33612 Cestas, France. petit@pierroton.inra.fr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12791991" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Angiosperms/*genetics ; DNA, Chloroplast/*genetics ; *Ecosystem ; Europe ; *Genetic Variation ; Genetics, Population ; Geography ; Haplotypes ; Seeds ; Temperature ; Trees/*genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    Stability in real food webs: weak links in long loops (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-05-11
    Description: Increasing evidence that the strengths of interactions among populations in biological communities form patterns that are crucial for system stability requires clarification of the precise form of these patterns, how they come about, and why they influence stability. We show that in real food webs, interaction strengths are organized in trophic loops in such a way that long loops contain relatively many weak links. We show and explain mathematically that this patterning enhances stability, because it reduces maximum "loop weight" and thus reduces the amount of intraspecific interaction needed for matrix stability. The patterns are brought about by biomass pyramids, a feature common to most ecosystems. Incorporation of biomass pyramids in 104 food-web descriptions reveals that the low weight of the long loops stabilizes complex food webs. Loop-weight analysis could be a useful tool for exploring the structure and organization of complex communities.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Neutel, Anje-Margriet -- Heesterbeek, Johan A P -- De Ruiter, Peter C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 May 10;296(5570):1120-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Environmental Sciences, Utrecht University, Post Office Box 80115, 3508 TC Utrecht, Netherlands. a.neutel@geog.uu.nl〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12004131" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biomass ; *Ecosystem ; Feeding Behavior ; *Food Chain ; Mathematics ; *Models, Biological ; Plants ; Predatory Behavior ; *Soil
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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