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  • Springer  (19)
  • Institute of Physics  (3)
  • 2000-2004  (3)
  • 1990-1994  (7)
  • 1985-1989  (4)
  • 1920-1924  (8)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: PACS: 68.55.-a; 61.82.Bg; 81.40.Rs
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Co/Cu multilayers were prepared by crossed-beam pulsed laser deposition and characterized by high-angle X-ray diffraction, as well as specular and non-specular reflection. Ion-beam mixing of the multilayers with 150 keV Cu+ ions and a fluence of up to 5×1015 cm-2 leads to the formation of a granular system of superparamagnetic Co clusters in Cu, as shown by magnetic measurements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 34 (1992), S. 471-477 
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Transfer RNA ; Acceptor helix stem ; Primordial code ; Statistics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The specificity of interaction of amino acids with triplets in the acceptor helix stem of tRNA was investigated by means of a statistical analysis of 1400 tRNA sequences. The imprint of a prototypic genetic code at position 3–5 of the acceptor helix was detected, but only for those major amino acids, glycine, alanine, aspartic acid, and valine, that are formed by spark discharges of simple gases in the laboratory. Although remnants of the code at position 3–5 are typical for tRNAs of archaebacteria, eubacteria, and chloroplasts, eukaryotes do not seem to contain this code, and mitochondria take up an intermediary position. A duplication mechanism for the transposition of the original 3–5 code toward its present position in the anticodon stern of tRNA is proposed. From this viewpoint, the mode of evolution of mRNA and functional ribosomes becomes more understandable.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: PACS: 68.55.-a; 61.82.Bg
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. The amorphous non-equilibrium state of the system Fe/Al is studied in bulk and thin-film systems. For bulk samples prepared by ion-beam mixing of laser-deposited multilayers, a bcc solid solution is found for alloys with up to 70 at. % Al. Around 75 at. % Al a Fe2Al5-like crystalline phase is found. An amorphous state with Fe2Al5-like short-range order is found for 80 at. % Al. In thin films, for example the amorphous Al-rich transition layer of a laser-deposited Fe/Al multilayer, the amorphous state can exist for up to 30 at. % Fe due to the high interfacial energy. By ion-beam mixing at low temperatures (about 140 K) an oversaturation with 40 at. % Fe can be achieved.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Applied physics 56 (1993), S. 527-546 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 52.25.Dg ; 79.20.Nc ; 82.65.Yh
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The elementary mechanisms are described which determine the plasma and surface processes during the plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition of hydrogenated carbon films from methane. Corresponding model calculations are reviewed and critically discussed in comparison to experimental results. A realistic modeling requires the simultaneous and self-consistent treatment of plasma and surface effects. Several experimental data sets on plasma parameters and the growth and the composition of the films have been reproduced successfully. However, a broader experimental data base is needed for more critical tests of the models. The reliability of the modeling, in particular of the surface effects, is still limited due to the poor availability of elementary data.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 30 (1985), S. 383-389 
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Mit Hilfe des Mikro-Thermoanalysators und des Wärmeflußcalorimeters DSC 111 der Fa. Setaram wurden die Entropien für den Phasenübergang Chalcopyrit-Zinkblende von AIBIIIC 2 VI - und AIIBIVC 2 V -Verbindungen bestimmt. Aus diesen Experimenten kann nicht geschlossen werden, welche Ordnung der Übergang besitzt. In der Diskussion wird jedoch gezeigt, daß ein Übergang erster Ordnung wahrscheinlich ist. Eine einfache Korrelation zwischen dem Gitterkonstantenverhältnis, extrapoliert bis zum Schmelzpunkt und der auf den Schmelzpunkt reduzierten Umwandlungstemperatur gestattet die Vorhersage von Phasenumwandlungen.
    Abstract: Резюме С помощью микротермо анализатора Сетарам и ДСК 111с тепловым потоком было определено изме нение энтропии при фа зовом переходе типа халько пирит-сфалерит для соединений АIBIIIC 2 VI и АIBIVC 2 V . На основе полученных результа тов не представилось возможным установит ь порядок перехода, но в обсуждении указывае тся как на переход первого порядка. На ос нове простой корреля ции между отношением постоянн ых решетки, экстраполированных до температуры плавл ения, и приведенной темпера турой фазового перехода, можно устан овить степень разупо рядочения.
    Notes: Abstract The entropy change of the phase transition from the chalcopyrite to the sphalerite structure of compounds AIBIIIC 2 VI and AIIBIVC 2 V was determined with a Setaram Microthermalanalyzer and a DSC 111 heat flow calorimeter. From these results one can not generally decide the order of the phenomenon, but the discussion gives hints as to a first-order transition. On the basis of a simple correlation between the ratio of the lattice constants extrapolated up to the melting temperature and the reduced temperature of the phase transition, it is possible to predict the order disorder behaviour.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 260 (1990), S. 337-348 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pineal organ ; Organ culture ; Pinealocytes ; Differentiation ; Melatonin ; Radioimmunoassay ; Chick embryo
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The development of sensory structures in the pineal organ of the chick was examined by means of scanning electron microscopy from embryonic day 10 through day 12 post-hatching. At embryonic day 10, the wall of the tubules within the pineal primordium is composed of cells with unspecialized luminal surface. Differentiation of sensory structures starts at embryonic day 12 when pinealocytes and supporting cells can be distinguished. Pinealocytes are recognized by virtue of an inner segment only rarely endowed with a cilium, whereas supporting cells exhibit numerous short microvilli. Further differentiation of the sensory apparatus is achieved by development of an oval-shaped, biconcave swelling at the tip of the cilium, 1×2 μm in size, and a collar of long microvilli at the base of the inner segment. Membrane specializations of sensory cilia, however, were not detected. Since during embryonic life new tubules and follicles are continuously formed, all stages of differentiation of sensory structures are found in the chick pineal organ during the second half of the incubation period and the first two weeks after hatching. In 200-μm-thick Vibratome sections of chick-embryo pineal organs cultured in medium BM 86 Wissler for periods up to 13 days the cytodifferentiation parallels the development in vivo. Using an organ-culture system the 24-h release of melatonin into the culture medium was measured by means of radioimmunoassay after solid-phase extraction. At embryonic day 10, the 24-h secretion of melatonin was at the lower range of detection of the RIA (5 pg). The rapid increase in 24-h secretion in melatonin until hatching (∼50 μg) is approximated by an exponential curve.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 28 (1921), S. 127-132 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Zusammenfassung 1. Formaldehyd wird durch Tierkohle sowohl in saurer als auch in neutraler Lösung in bedeutendem Maße adsorbierl. 2. Die Adsorption sowohl in neutralisierter als auch saurer Lösung folgt den Adsorptionsgesetzen, d. h. die Adsorption ist abhängig von der Konzentration. 3. Die Adsorption des Formaldehydes durch die Tierkohle in saurer Lösung ist ferner in weitgehenstem Maße von dem Volum abhängig. Aus großem Volum wird erheblich mehr, als aus kleinem Volum bei gleicher Konzentration adsorbiert. 4. In neutraler Lösung wird die Adsorption des Formaldehydes unabhängig von dem Volum und ist lediglich abhängig von der dargebotenen absoluten Menge des Formaldehydes bezw. der Konzentration. 5. Die Adsorption in neutraler Lösung ist unabhängig von der Zeit und tritt das Gleichgewicht nach kurzer Einwirkungsdauer ein. Die Adsorption aus saurer Lösung ist abhängig von der Zeit und tritt selbst nach 8 tägiger Einwirkung kein Gleichgewicht ein.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 28 (1921), S. 281-290 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Zusammenfassung 1. Es wurde der Gerinnungswert verdünnter, mit Chlornatrium gesättigter Gelatinelösungen durch Säuren ermittelt. 2. Der Gerinnungswert steigt mit dem Dissoziationsgrad der Säure und ist demnach bei anorganischen Säuren größer, wie bei organischen. 3. Das Maximum der Gerinnung der daran beteiligten Trockensubstanz der Gelatinelösung durch irgendeine Säure liegt bei einer ganz bestimmten Konzentration. 4. Neben der Gerinnung finden Adsorptionserscheinungen zwischen dem geronnenen Teil und der Säure in Verbindung mit den nicht der Gerinnung fähigen Anteilen statt. 5. Die Erscheinungen wurden nach der Mizellar-Hypothese von Nägeli's erklärt.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 29 (1921), S. 45-55 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Gerbung der Gelatine ist ein zweiphasiger Vorgang. Die eigentliche Gerbung des gerbfähigen Anteiles ist physikalischer Natur und an diesem nimmt nur der gerinnbare Anteil der Gelatine teil. Der nicht gerinnbare Anteil der Gelatine tritt mit dem Formaldehyd in chemische Wechselwirkung unter Bildung von Methylenaminosäuren. Die der Gerbung fähige Menge der Gelatine entspricht dem Gerinnungswert der unbehandelten Gelatine Wird der gerinnbare Anteil durch Hydrolyse infolge Wasserstoffionenwirkung vermindert, so wird auch der gerbfähige Anteil dadurch vermindert. Die gerbenden Bestandteile der Formaldehydlösung sind die unlöslichen kolloiden Polymeren des Formaldehydes, die in der Hauptsache erst während der Einwirkung auf die Gelatine entstehen.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 19 (2000), S. 485-487 
    ISSN: 1573-4811
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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