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  • Molecular Sequence Data  (6)
  • Signal Transduction  (5)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (10)
  • 2000-2004  (3)
  • 1995-1999  (7)
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Publisher
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (10)
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Year
  • 1
    Publication Date: 2000-09-08
    Description: The origin and evolution of photosynthesis have long remained enigmatic due to a lack of sequence information of photosynthesis genes across the entire photosynthetic domain. To probe early evolutionary history of photosynthesis, we obtained new sequence information of a number of photosynthesis genes from the green sulfur bacterium Chlorobium tepidum and the green nonsulfur bacterium Chloroflexus aurantiacus. A total of 31 open reading frames that encode enzymes involved in bacteriochlorophyll/porphyrin biosynthesis, carotenoid biosynthesis, and photosynthetic electron transfer were identified in about 100 kilobase pairs of genomic sequence. Phylogenetic analyses of multiple magnesium-tetrapyrrole biosynthesis genes using a combination of distance, maximum parsimony, and maximum likelihood methods indicate that heliobacteria are closest to the last common ancestor of all oxygenic photosynthetic lineages and that green sulfur bacteria and green nonsulfur bacteria are each other's closest relatives. Parsimony and distance analyses further identify purple bacteria as the earliest emerging photosynthetic lineage. These results challenge previous conclusions based on 16S ribosomal RNA and Hsp60/Hsp70 analyses that green nonsulfur bacteria or heliobacteria are the earliest phototrophs. The overall consensus of our phylogenetic analysis, that bacteriochlorophyll biosynthesis evolved before chlorophyll biosynthesis, also argues against the long-held Granick hypothesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Xiong, J -- Fischer, W M -- Inoue, K -- Nakahara, M -- Bauer, C E -- GM53940/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM053940/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Sep 8;289(5485):1724-30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10976061" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacteria/*genetics/metabolism ; Bacterial Proteins/genetics ; Bacteriochlorophylls/biosynthesis/genetics ; Chlorobi/*genetics/*metabolism ; Chlorophyll/biosynthesis ; Cyanobacteria/genetics/metabolism ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Genes, Bacterial ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Photosynthesis/*genetics ; Phylogeny ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sequence Analysis, DNA
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1998-01-07
    Description: Dorsoventral patterning of vertebrate and Drosophila embryos requires bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and antagonists of BMP activity. The Drosophila gene tolloid encodes a metalloprotease similar to BMP-1 that interacts genetically with decapentaplegic, the Drosophila homolog of vertebrate BMP-2/4. Zebrafish embryos overexpressing a zebrafish homolog of tolloid were shown to resemble loss-of-function mutations in chordino, the zebrafish homolog of the Xenopus BMP-4 antagonist Chordin. Furthermore, Chordin was degraded by COS cells expressing Tolloid. These data suggest that Tolloid antagonizes Chordin activity by proteolytically cleaving Chordin. A conserved function for zebrafish and Drosophila Tolloid during embryogenesis is proposed.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Blader, P -- Rastegar, S -- Fischer, N -- Strahle, U -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Dec 12;278(5345):1937-40.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut de Genetique et de Biologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS/INSERM/ULP, BP 163, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, C.U. de Strasbourg, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9395394" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Body Patterning ; Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4 ; Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors ; Bone Morphogenetic Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism ; COS Cells ; Cell Lineage ; *Drosophila Proteins ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Glycoproteins/*metabolism ; Insect Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; *Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism ; *Receptors, Growth Factor ; Signal Transduction ; Tolloid-Like Metalloproteinases ; Transfection ; Xenopus Proteins ; Zebrafish/*embryology/genetics/metabolism ; Zebrafish Proteins
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2003-08-23
    Description: Helicobacter pylori (Hp) vacuolating cytotoxin VacA induces cellular vacuolation in epithelial cells. We found that VacA could efficiently block proliferation of T cells by inducing a G1/S cell cycle arrest. It interfered with the T cell receptor/interleukin-2 (IL-2) signaling pathway at the level of the Ca2+-calmodulin-dependent phosphatase calcineurin. Nuclear translocation of nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT), a transcription factor acting as a global regulator of immune response genes, was abrogated, resulting in down-regulation of IL-2 transcription. VacA partially mimicked the activity of the immunosuppressive drug FK506 by possibly inducing a local immune suppression, explaining the extraordinary chronicity of Hp infections.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gebert, Bettina -- Fischer, Wolfgang -- Weiss, Evelyn -- Hoffmann, Reinhard -- Haas, Rainer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Aug 22;301(5636):1099-102.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Max von Pettenkofer-Institut fur Hygiene und Medizinische Mikrobiologie, LMU Munchen, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12934009" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Apoptosis ; Bacterial Proteins/pharmacology/*physiology ; Bacterial Toxins/pharmacology ; Calcineurin/metabolism ; Calcineurin Inhibitors ; Cyclins/metabolism ; Cytotoxins/pharmacology ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; G1 Phase ; Gene Expression Regulation ; HeLa Cells ; Helicobacter pylori/genetics/*pathogenicity ; Humans ; Interleukin-2/genetics/metabolism ; Jurkat Cells ; *Lymphocyte Activation ; NFATC Transcription Factors ; *Nuclear Proteins ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; S Phase ; Signal Transduction ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology/*microbiology/physiology ; Tacrolimus/pharmacology ; Transcription Factors/genetics/metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic ; Transfection
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2004-03-27
    Description: In the nervous system of vertebrates, myelination is essential for rapid and accurate impulse conduction. Myelin thickness depends on axon fiber size. We use mutant and transgenic mouse lines to show that axonal Neuregulin-1 (Nrg1) signals information about axon size to Schwann cells. Reduced Nrg1 expression causes hypomyelination and reduced nerve conduction velocity. Neuronal overexpression of Nrg1 induces hypermyelination and demonstrates that Nrg1 type III is the responsible isoform. We suggest a model by which myelin-forming Schwann cells integrate axonal Nrg1 signals as a biochemical measure of axon size.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Michailov, Galin V -- Sereda, Michael W -- Brinkmann, Bastian G -- Fischer, Tobias M -- Haug, Bernhard -- Birchmeier, Carmen -- Role, Lorna -- Lai, Cary -- Schwab, Markus H -- Nave, Klaus-Armin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Apr 30;304(5671):700-3. Epub 2004 Mar 25.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, 37075 Gottingen, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15044753" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Axons/*physiology/*ultrastructure ; Ganglia, Spinal/chemistry ; Gene Targeting ; Genes, erbB ; Genes, erbB-2 ; Heterozygote ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Mice, Transgenic ; Models, Neurological ; Myelin Sheath/*physiology/*ultrastructure ; Neural Conduction ; Neuregulin-1/genetics/*physiology ; Protein Isoforms/physiology ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor/analysis/physiology ; Receptor, ErbB-2/analysis/physiology ; Receptor, ErbB-3/analysis/physiology ; Schwann Cells/physiology ; Sciatic Nerve/chemistry ; Signal Transduction
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 1998-05-09
    Description: Affinity-driven selection of B lymphocytes within germinal centers is critical for the development of high-affinity memory cells and host protection. To investigate the role of the CD21/CD35 coreceptor in B cell competition for follicular retention and survival within the germinal center, either Cr2+ or Cr2null lysozyme-specific transgenic B cells were adoptively transferred into normal mice immunized with duck (DEL) or turkey (TEL) lysozyme, which bind with different affinities. In mice injected with high-affinity turkey lysozyme, Cr2null B cells responded by follicular retention; however, they could not survive within germinal centers. This suggests that CD21 provides a signal independent of antigen that is required for survival of B cells in the germinal center.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fischer, M B -- Goerg, S -- Shen, L -- Prodeus, A P -- Goodnow, C C -- Kelsoe, G -- Carroll, M C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Apr 24;280(5363):582-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9554848" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adoptive Transfer ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; B-Lymphocytes/cytology/*immunology ; Cell Division ; Cell Survival ; Female ; Gene Expression ; Germinal Center/cytology/*immunology ; Immunization ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Muramidase/immunology ; Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/immunology ; Receptors, Complement 3b/genetics/*immunology ; Receptors, Complement 3d/genetics/*immunology ; Spleen/immunology
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1998-05-02
    Description: Mammals have evolved complex developmental pathways to generate a large repertoire of B and T lymphocytes capable of mounting effective immune responses. Analysis of natural and engineered immunodeficiencies constitutes a powerful approach to delineating these pathways and identifying the molecular sensors that couple the survival of developing lymphocytes to the achievement of successful gene rearrangements at the loci coding for B and T cell antigen receptors. Besides identifying cytokines, growth factors, and transcription factors involved in lymphocyte development, genetic analysis also makes it possible to organize most of these protagonists into gene networks that control critical events in the life of developing lymphocytes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fischer, A -- Malissen, B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Apr 10;280(5361):237-43.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Unite INSERM U.429, Hopital Necker-Enfants Malades 149, Rue de Sevres, 75743, Paris Cedex 15, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9535646" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; B-Lymphocytes/cytology/*immunology ; Cytokines/physiology ; Gene Rearrangement, T-Lymphocyte ; Gene Transfer Techniques ; Humans ; Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes/genetics/*immunology ; Mice ; Mutagenesis ; *Mutation ; Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/genetics/immunology/metabolism ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/genetics/immunology/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; T-Lymphocytes/cytology/*immunology
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 1995-06-02
    Description: Fas (also known as Apo1 and CD95) is a cell surface receptor involved in apoptotic cell death. Fas expression and function were analyzed in three children (including two siblings) with a lymphoproliferative syndrome, two of whom also had autoimmune disorders. A large deletion in the gene encoding Fas and no detectable cell surface expression characterized the most affected patient. Clinical manifestations in the two related patients were less severe: Fas-mediated apoptosis was impaired and a deletion within the intracytoplasmic domain was detected. These findings illustrate the crucial regulatory role of Fas and may provide a molecular basis for some autoimmune diseases in humans.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rieux-Laucat, F -- Le Deist, F -- Hivroz, C -- Roberts, I A -- Debatin, K M -- Fischer, A -- de Villartay, J P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Jun 2;268(5215):1347-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM) U 429, Hopital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7539157" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Antigens, CD95 ; Antigens, Surface/chemistry/*genetics/physiology ; Apoptosis ; Autoimmune Diseases/*genetics/immunology/pathology ; Base Sequence ; Child ; Female ; *Frameshift Mutation ; Humans ; Infant ; Lymphoproliferative Disorders/*genetics/immunology/pathology ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Sequence Deletion ; Syndrome ; Thrombocytopenia/genetics/immunology/pathology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 1995-12-15
    Description: Ubiquitin is a highly conserved polypeptide found in all eukaryotes. The major function of ubiquitin is to target proteins for complete or partial degradation by a multisubunit protein complex called the proteasome. Here, the Drosophila fat facets gene, which is required for the appropriate determination of particular cells in the fly eye, was shown to encode a ubiquitin-specific protease (Ubp), an enzyme that cleaves ubiquitin from ubiquitin-protein conjugates. The Fat facets protein (FAF) acts as a regulatory Ubp that prevents degradation of its substrate by the proteasome. Flies bearing fat facets gene mutations were used to show that a Ubp is cell type--and substrate-specific and a regulator of cell fate decisions in a multicellular organism.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Huang, Y -- Baker, R T -- Fischer-Vize, J A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Dec 15;270(5243):1828-31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Zoology, University of Texas, Austin 78712, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8525378" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; *Cell Differentiation/genetics ; Cysteine/metabolism ; Drosophila/embryology/enzymology/genetics ; Endopeptidases/genetics/*metabolism ; Escherichia coli ; Eye/embryology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed ; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Ubiquitins/*metabolism ; beta-Galactosidase/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 1996-01-19
    Description: About 90 percent of human pancreatic carcinomas show allelic loss at chromosome 18q. To identify candidate tumor suppressor genes on 18q, a panel of pancreatic carcinomas were analyzed for convergent sites of homozygous deletion. Twenty-five of 84 tumors had homozygous deletions at 18q21.1, a site that excludes DCC (a candidate suppressor gene for colorectal cancer) and includes DPC4, a gene similar in sequence to a Drosophila melanogaster gene (Mad) implicated in a transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta)-like signaling pathway. Potentially inactivating mutations in DPC4 were identified in six of 27 pancreatic carcinomas that did not have homozygous deletions at 18q21.1. These results identify DPC4 as a candidate tumor suppressor gene whose inactivation may play a role in pancreatic and possibly other human cancers.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hahn, S A -- Schutte, M -- Hoque, A T -- Moskaluk, C A -- da Costa, L T -- Rozenblum, E -- Weinstein, C L -- Fischer, A -- Yeo, C J -- Hruban, R H -- Kern, S E -- CA62924/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Jan 19;271(5247):350-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8553070" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cell Division ; Chromosome Mapping ; *Chromosomes, Human, Pair 18 ; *DNA-Binding Proteins ; Gene Deletion ; Gene Expression ; *Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; Genetic Markers ; Humans ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Pancreatic Neoplasms/*genetics/pathology ; Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/physiology ; Signal Transduction ; Smad4 Protein ; *Trans-Activators ; Transforming Growth Factor beta/physiology ; Transplantation, Heterologous ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1996-01-12
    Description: Early stages of T cell development are thought to include a series of coordinated interactions between thymocytes and other cells of the thymus. A monoclonal antibody specific for mouse CD81 was identified that blocked the appearance of alpha beta but not gamma delta T cells in fetal organ cultures initiated with day 14.5 thymus lobes. In reaggregation cultures with CD81-transfected fibroblasts, CD4-CD8- thymocytes differentiated into CD4+CD8+ T cells. Thus, interactions between immature thymocytes and stromal cells expressing CD81 are required and may be sufficient to induce early events associated with T cell development.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Boismenu, R -- Rhein, M -- Fischer, W H -- Havran, W L -- AI32751/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Jan 12;271(5246):198-200.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Immunology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8539618" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology ; Antigens, CD/genetics/immunology/*physiology ; Antigens, CD4/analysis ; Antigens, CD8/analysis ; Antigens, CD81 ; Base Sequence ; CHO Cells ; Cell Differentiation ; Cricetinae ; Membrane Proteins/immunology/*physiology ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Organ Culture Techniques ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/*analysis ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/analysis ; Stromal Cells/immunology ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets/cytology/*immunology ; Thymus Gland/cytology/*immunology ; Transfection
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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