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  • Mice, Inbred C57BL  (78)
  • Protein Binding  (74)
  • Organic Chemistry
  • Nature Publishing Group (NPG)  (148)
  • 2005-2009  (148)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2009-02-06
    Description: The metabolism of oxygen, although central to life, produces reactive oxygen species (ROS) that have been implicated in processes as diverse as cancer, cardiovascular disease and ageing. It has recently been shown that central nervous system stem cells and haematopoietic stem cells and early progenitors contain lower levels of ROS than their more mature progeny, and that these differences are critical for maintaining stem cell function. We proposed that epithelial tissue stem cells and their cancer stem cell (CSC) counterparts may also share this property. Here we show that normal mammary epithelial stem cells contain lower concentrations of ROS than their more mature progeny cells. Notably, subsets of CSCs in some human and murine breast tumours contain lower ROS levels than corresponding non-tumorigenic cells (NTCs). Consistent with ROS being critical mediators of ionizing-radiation-induced cell killing, CSCs in these tumours develop less DNA damage and are preferentially spared after irradiation compared to NTCs. Lower ROS levels in CSCs are associated with increased expression of free radical scavenging systems. Pharmacological depletion of ROS scavengers in CSCs markedly decreases their clonogenicity and results in radiosensitization. These results indicate that, similar to normal tissue stem cells, subsets of CSCs in some tumours contain lower ROS levels and enhanced ROS defences compared to their non-tumorigenic progeny, which may contribute to tumour radioresistance.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2778612/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2778612/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Diehn, Maximilian -- Cho, Robert W -- Lobo, Neethan A -- Kalisky, Tomer -- Dorie, Mary Jo -- Kulp, Angela N -- Qian, Dalong -- Lam, Jessica S -- Ailles, Laurie E -- Wong, Manzhi -- Joshua, Benzion -- Kaplan, Michael J -- Wapnir, Irene -- Dirbas, Frederick M -- Somlo, George -- Garberoglio, Carlos -- Paz, Benjamin -- Shen, Jeannie -- Lau, Sean K -- Quake, Stephen R -- Brown, J Martin -- Weissman, Irving L -- Clarke, Michael F -- R01 CA100225/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA100225-05/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U54 CA126524/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U54 CA126524-04/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2009 Apr 9;458(7239):780-3. doi: 10.1038/nature07733.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19194462" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Breast Neoplasms/physiopathology ; Cells, Cultured ; DNA Damage/genetics/radiation effects ; Female ; Gene Expression ; Humans ; Mammary Glands, Human/cytology/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Neoplastic Stem Cells/*metabolism/*radiation effects ; Radiation Tolerance/*physiology ; Reactive Oxygen Species/*metabolism
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2009-09-18
    Description: The stability of the Wnt pathway transcription factor beta-catenin is tightly regulated by the multi-subunit destruction complex. Deregulated Wnt pathway activity has been implicated in many cancers, making this pathway an attractive target for anticancer therapies. However, the development of targeted Wnt pathway inhibitors has been hampered by the limited number of pathway components that are amenable to small molecule inhibition. Here, we used a chemical genetic screen to identify a small molecule, XAV939, which selectively inhibits beta-catenin-mediated transcription. XAV939 stimulates beta-catenin degradation by stabilizing axin, the concentration-limiting component of the destruction complex. Using a quantitative chemical proteomic approach, we discovered that XAV939 stabilizes axin by inhibiting the poly-ADP-ribosylating enzymes tankyrase 1 and tankyrase 2. Both tankyrase isoforms interact with a highly conserved domain of axin and stimulate its degradation through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Thus, our study provides new mechanistic insights into the regulation of axin protein homeostasis and presents new avenues for targeted Wnt pathway therapies.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Huang, Shih-Min A -- Mishina, Yuji M -- Liu, Shanming -- Cheung, Atwood -- Stegmeier, Frank -- Michaud, Gregory A -- Charlat, Olga -- Wiellette, Elizabeth -- Zhang, Yue -- Wiessner, Stephanie -- Hild, Marc -- Shi, Xiaoying -- Wilson, Christopher J -- Mickanin, Craig -- Myer, Vic -- Fazal, Aleem -- Tomlinson, Ronald -- Serluca, Fabrizio -- Shao, Wenlin -- Cheng, Hong -- Shultz, Michael -- Rau, Christina -- Schirle, Markus -- Schlegl, Judith -- Ghidelli, Sonja -- Fawell, Stephen -- Lu, Chris -- Curtis, Daniel -- Kirschner, Marc W -- Lengauer, Christoph -- Finan, Peter M -- Tallarico, John A -- Bouwmeester, Tewis -- Porter, Jeffery A -- Bauer, Andreas -- Cong, Feng -- England -- Nature. 2009 Oct 1;461(7264):614-20. doi: 10.1038/nature08356. Epub 2009 Sep 16.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19759537" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Axin Protein ; Cell Division/drug effects ; Cell Line ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Colorectal Neoplasms/drug therapy/metabolism ; Heterocyclic Compounds, 3-Ring/pharmacology ; Humans ; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Proteomics ; Repressor Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction/*drug effects ; Tankyrases/*antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic/drug effects ; Ubiquitin/metabolism ; Ubiquitination ; Wnt Proteins/*antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; beta Catenin/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2008-01-25
    Description: Cell elongation during seedling development is antagonistically regulated by light and gibberellins (GAs). Light induces photomorphogenesis, leading to inhibition of hypocotyl growth, whereas GAs promote etiolated growth, characterized by increased hypocotyl elongation. The mechanism underlying this antagonistic interaction remains unclear. Here we report on the central role of the Arabidopsis thaliana nuclear transcription factor PIF4 (encoded by PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR 4) in the positive control of genes mediating cell elongation and show that this factor is negatively regulated by the light photoreceptor phyB (ref. 4) and by DELLA proteins that have a key repressor function in GA signalling. Our results demonstrate that PIF4 is destabilized by phyB in the light and that DELLAs block PIF4 transcriptional activity by binding the DNA-recognition domain of this factor. We show that GAs abrogate such repression by promoting DELLA destabilization, and therefore cause a concomitant accumulation of free PIF4 in the nucleus. Consistent with this model, intermediate hypocotyl lengths were observed in transgenic plants over-accumulating both DELLAs and PIF4. Destabilization of this factor by phyB, together with its inactivation by DELLAs, constitutes a protein interaction framework that explains how plants integrate both light and GA signals to optimize growth and development in response to changing environments.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉de Lucas, Miguel -- Daviere, Jean-Michel -- Rodriguez-Falcon, Mariana -- Pontin, Mariela -- Iglesias-Pedraz, Juan Manuel -- Lorrain, Severine -- Fankhauser, Christian -- Blazquez, Miguel Angel -- Titarenko, Elena -- Prat, Salome -- England -- Nature. 2008 Jan 24;451(7177):480-4. doi: 10.1038/nature06520.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Departamento de Genetica Molecular de Plantas, Centro Nacional de Biotecnologia-CSIC, Campus Univ. Autonoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco. c/ Darwin 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18216857" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Arabidopsis/cytology/*drug effects/metabolism/*radiation effects ; Arabidopsis Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Cell Shape/*drug effects/*radiation effects ; Cell Size/drug effects/radiation effects ; DNA, Plant/metabolism ; Gibberellins/*pharmacology ; Hypocotyl/genetics/growth & development/metabolism ; *Light ; Nuclear Proteins/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Phytochrome B/genetics/metabolism ; Plant Leaves/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Seedlings/metabolism ; Signal Transduction/drug effects ; Tobacco/metabolism ; Triazoles/pharmacology ; Two-Hybrid System Techniques
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2009-06-12
    Description: Alkyltransferase-like proteins (ATLs) share functional motifs with the cancer chemotherapy target O(6)-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase (AGT) and paradoxically protect cells from the biological effects of DNA alkylation damage, despite lacking the reactive cysteine and alkyltransferase activity of AGT. Here we determine Schizosaccharomyces pombe ATL structures without and with damaged DNA containing the endogenous lesion O(6)-methylguanine or cigarette-smoke-derived O(6)-4-(3-pyridyl)-4-oxobutylguanine. These results reveal non-enzymatic DNA nucleotide flipping plus increased DNA distortion and binding pocket size compared to AGT. Our analysis of lesion-binding site conservation identifies new ATLs in sea anemone and ancestral archaea, indicating that ATL interactions are ancestral to present-day repair pathways in all domains of life. Genetic connections to mammalian XPG (also known as ERCC5) and ERCC1 in S. pombe homologues Rad13 and Swi10 and biochemical interactions with Escherichia coli UvrA and UvrC combined with structural results reveal that ATLs sculpt alkylated DNA to create a genetic and structural intersection of base damage processing with nucleotide excision repair.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2729916/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2729916/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tubbs, Julie L -- Latypov, Vitaly -- Kanugula, Sreenivas -- Butt, Amna -- Melikishvili, Manana -- Kraehenbuehl, Rolf -- Fleck, Oliver -- Marriott, Andrew -- Watson, Amanda J -- Verbeek, Barbara -- McGown, Gail -- Thorncroft, Mary -- Santibanez-Koref, Mauro F -- Millington, Christopher -- Arvai, Andrew S -- Kroeger, Matthew D -- Peterson, Lisa A -- Williams, David M -- Fried, Michael G -- Margison, Geoffrey P -- Pegg, Anthony E -- Tainer, John A -- CA018137/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA097209/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA59887/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- GM070662/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA059887/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA059887-12/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA059887-13/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM070662/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM070662-01/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM070662-02/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM070662-03/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM070662-04/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM070662-05/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM070662-06/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Cancer Research UK/United Kingdom -- England -- Nature. 2009 Jun 11;459(7248):808-13. doi: 10.1038/nature08076.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19516334" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alkyl and Aryl Transferases/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Alkylation ; Binding Sites ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; DNA/chemistry/metabolism ; *DNA Damage ; *DNA Repair ; Guanine/analogs & derivatives/chemistry/metabolism ; Humans ; Models, Molecular ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2008-03-28
    Description: microRNAs (miRNAs) are small regulatory RNAs that are important in development and disease and therefore represent a potential new class of targets for therapeutic intervention. Despite recent progress in silencing of miRNAs in rodents, the development of effective and safe approaches for sequence-specific antagonism of miRNAs in vivo remains a significant scientific and therapeutic challenge. Moreover, there are no reports of miRNA antagonism in primates. Here we show that the simple systemic delivery of a unconjugated, PBS-formulated locked-nucleic-acid-modified oligonucleotide (LNA-antimiR) effectively antagonizes the liver-expressed miR-122 in non-human primates. Acute administration by intravenous injections of 3 or 10 mg kg(-1) LNA-antimiR to African green monkeys resulted in uptake of the LNA-antimiR in the cytoplasm of primate hepatocytes and formation of stable heteroduplexes between the LNA-antimiR and miR-122. This was accompanied by depletion of mature miR-122 and dose-dependent lowering of plasma cholesterol. Efficient silencing of miR-122 was achieved in primates by three doses of 10 mg kg(-1) LNA-antimiR, leading to a long-lasting and reversible decrease in total plasma cholesterol without any evidence for LNA-associated toxicities or histopathological changes in the study animals. Our findings demonstrate the utility of systemically administered LNA-antimiRs in exploring miRNA function in rodents and primates, and support the potential of these compounds as a new class of therapeutics for disease-associated miRNAs.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Elmen, Joacim -- Lindow, Morten -- Schutz, Sylvia -- Lawrence, Matthew -- Petri, Andreas -- Obad, Susanna -- Lindholm, Marie -- Hedtjarn, Maj -- Hansen, Henrik Frydenlund -- Berger, Urs -- Gullans, Steven -- Kearney, Phil -- Sarnow, Peter -- Straarup, Ellen Marie -- Kauppinen, Sakari -- England -- Nature. 2008 Apr 17;452(7189):896-9. doi: 10.1038/nature06783. Epub 2008 Mar 26.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Santaris Pharma, Boge Alle 3, DK-2970 Horsholm, Denmark.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18368051" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cercopithecus aethiops/*genetics ; Female ; *Gene Silencing ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; MicroRNAs/*genetics ; Oligonucleotides/administration & dosage/adverse effects/*genetics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2009-06-16
    Description: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a leading cause of blindness worldwide, is as prevalent as cancer in industrialized nations. Most blindness in AMD results from invasion of the retina by choroidal neovascularisation (CNV). Here we show that the eosinophil/mast cell chemokine receptor CCR3 is specifically expressed in choroidal neovascular endothelial cells in humans with AMD, and that despite the expression of its ligands eotaxin-1, -2 and -3, neither eosinophils nor mast cells are present in human CNV. Genetic or pharmacological targeting of CCR3 or eotaxins inhibited injury-induced CNV in mice. CNV suppression by CCR3 blockade was due to direct inhibition of endothelial cell proliferation, and was uncoupled from inflammation because it occurred in mice lacking eosinophils or mast cells, and was independent of macrophage and neutrophil recruitment. CCR3 blockade was more effective at reducing CNV than vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) neutralization, which is in clinical use at present, and, unlike VEGF-A blockade, is not toxic to the mouse retina. In vivo imaging with CCR3-targeting quantum dots located spontaneous CNV invisible to standard fluorescein angiography in mice before retinal invasion. CCR3 targeting might reduce vision loss due to AMD through early detection and therapeutic angioinhibition.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2712122/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2712122/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Takeda, Atsunobu -- Baffi, Judit Z -- Kleinman, Mark E -- Cho, Won Gil -- Nozaki, Miho -- Yamada, Kiyoshi -- Kaneko, Hiroki -- Albuquerque, Romulo J C -- Dridi, Sami -- Saito, Kuniharu -- Raisler, Brian J -- Budd, Steven J -- Geisen, Pete -- Munitz, Ariel -- Ambati, Balamurali K -- Green, Martha G -- Ishibashi, Tatsuro -- Wright, John D -- Humbles, Alison A -- Gerard, Craig J -- Ogura, Yuichiro -- Pan, Yuzhen -- Smith, Justine R -- Grisanti, Salvatore -- Hartnett, M Elizabeth -- Rothenberg, Marc E -- Ambati, Jayakrishna -- AI039759/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI45898/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- DK076893/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- EY010572/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- EY015130/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- EY015422/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- EY017011/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- EY017182/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- EY017950/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- EY018350/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- EY018836/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK076893/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY015422/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY015422-04/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY018350/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY018350-02/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY018836/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY018836-02/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2009 Jul 9;460(7252):225-30. doi: 10.1038/nature08151. Epub 2009 Jun 14.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19525930" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Movement ; Cell Proliferation ; Cells, Cultured ; Chemokine CCL11/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Chemokine CCL24/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Chemokines, CC/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Choroid/blood supply/cytology/metabolism ; Choroidal Neovascularization/diagnosis/metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Endothelial Cells/cytology/metabolism ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Leukocytes ; Ligands ; Macular Degeneration/*diagnosis/metabolism/*therapy ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Quantum Dots ; Receptors, CCR3/analysis/*antagonists & ; inhibitors/genetics/immunology/*metabolism ; Retina/drug effects/pathology ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/antagonists & inhibitors/immunology
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2009-02-27
    Description: Lung disease is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in cystic fibrosis, an autosomal recessive disease caused by mutations in CFTR. In cystic fibrosis, chronic infection and dysregulated neutrophilic inflammation lead to progressive airway destruction. The severity of cystic fibrosis lung disease has considerable heritability, independent of CFTR genotype. To identify genetic modifiers, here we performed a genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism scan in one cohort of cystic fibrosis patients, replicating top candidates in an independent cohort. This approach identified IFRD1 as a modifier of cystic fibrosis lung disease severity. IFRD1 is a histone-deacetylase-dependent transcriptional co-regulator expressed during terminal neutrophil differentiation. Neutrophils, but not macrophages, from Ifrd1-deficient mice showed blunted effector function, associated with decreased NF-kappaB p65 transactivation. In vivo, IFRD1 deficiency caused delayed bacterial clearance from the airway, but also less inflammation and disease-a phenotype primarily dependent on haematopoietic cell expression, or lack of expression, of IFRD1. In humans, IFRD1 polymorphisms were significantly associated with variation in neutrophil effector function. These data indicate that IFRD1 modulates the pathogenesis of cystic fibrosis lung disease through the regulation of neutrophil effector function.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2841516/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2841516/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gu, YuanYuan -- Harley, Isaac T W -- Henderson, Lindsay B -- Aronow, Bruce J -- Vietor, Ilja -- Huber, Lukas A -- Harley, John B -- Kilpatrick, Jeffrey R -- Langefeld, Carl D -- Williams, Adrienne H -- Jegga, Anil G -- Chen, Jing -- Wills-Karp, Marsha -- Arshad, S Hasan -- Ewart, Susan L -- Thio, Chloe L -- Flick, Leah M -- Filippi, Marie-Dominique -- Grimes, H Leighton -- Drumm, Mitchell L -- Cutting, Garry R -- Knowles, Michael R -- Karp, Christopher L -- R01 AI024717/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL068890/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL068890-01/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL068927/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL068927-01/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL079312/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL079312-01A1/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R37 AI024717/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2009 Apr 23;458(7241):1039-42. doi: 10.1038/nature07811. Epub 2009 Feb 25.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Molecular Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19242412" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Cohort Studies ; Cystic Fibrosis/*genetics/*pathology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Genotype ; Humans ; Immediate-Early Proteins/deficiency/*genetics ; Inflammation/genetics/pathology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Neutrophils/immunology/metabolism ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa/immunology/pathogenicity ; Transcription Factor RelA/metabolism
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2009-05-02
    Description: Gene silencing by double-stranded RNA, denoted RNA interference, represents a new paradigm for rational drug design. However, the transformative therapeutic potential of short interfering RNA (siRNA) has been stymied by a key obstacle-safe delivery to specified target cells in vivo. Macrophages are particularly attractive targets for RNA interference therapy because they promote pathogenic inflammatory responses in diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, atherosclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease and diabetes. Here we report the engineering of beta1,3-D-glucan-encapsulated siRNA particles (GeRPs) as efficient oral delivery vehicles that potently silence genes in mouse macrophages in vitro and in vivo. Oral gavage of mice with GeRPs containing as little as 20 microg kg(-1) siRNA directed against tumour necrosis factor alpha (Tnf-alpha) depleted its messenger RNA in macrophages recovered from the peritoneum, spleen, liver and lung, and lowered serum Tnf-alpha levels. Screening with GeRPs for inflammation genes revealed that the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinase 4 (Map4k4) is a previously unknown mediator of cytokine expression. Importantly, silencing Map4k4 in macrophages in vivo protected mice from lipopolysaccharide-induced lethality by inhibiting Tnf-alpha and interleukin-1beta production. This technology defines a new strategy for oral delivery of siRNA to attenuate inflammatory responses in human disease.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2879154/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2879154/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Aouadi, Myriam -- Tesz, Gregory J -- Nicoloro, Sarah M -- Wang, Mengxi -- Chouinard, My -- Soto, Ernesto -- Ostroff, Gary R -- Czech, Michael P -- DK 30898/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK 32520/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK 60837/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P30 DK032520/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P30 DK032520-25/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK030898/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK030898-26/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK060837/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK060837-01A1/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R37 DK030898/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2009 Apr 30;458(7242):1180-4. doi: 10.1038/nature07774.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19407801" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Administration, Oral ; Animals ; *Drug Delivery Systems ; Enzyme Activation/drug effects ; *Gene Silencing ; Glucans/metabolism ; Inflammation/genetics/*prevention & control ; Interleukin-1beta/biosynthesis ; JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Lipopolysaccharides/pharmacology ; MAP Kinase Signaling System/drug effects ; Macrophages/drug effects/*metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; NF-kappa B/metabolism ; Organ Specificity ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/*deficiency/*genetics/metabolism ; RNA, Small Interfering/*administration & dosage/genetics/metabolism ; Substrate Specificity ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/biosynthesis/metabolism ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2009-09-11
    Description: In epithelial tissues, the lineage relationship between normal progenitor cells and cell type(s) of origin for cancer has been poorly understood. Here we show that a known regulator of prostate epithelial differentiation, the homeobox gene Nkx3-1, marks a stem cell population that functions during prostate regeneration. Genetic lineage-marking demonstrates that rare luminal cells that express Nkx3-1 in the absence of testicular androgens (castration-resistant Nkx3-1-expressing cells, CARNs) are bipotential and can self-renew in vivo, and single-cell transplantation assays show that CARNs can reconstitute prostate ducts in renal grafts. Functional assays of Nkx3-1 mutant mice in serial prostate regeneration suggest that Nkx3-1 is required for stem cell maintenance. Furthermore, targeted deletion of the Pten tumour suppressor gene in CARNs results in rapid carcinoma formation after androgen-mediated regeneration. These observations indicate that CARNs represent a new luminal stem cell population that is an efficient target for oncogenic transformation in prostate cancer.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2800362/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2800362/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wang, Xi -- Kruithof-de Julio, Marianna -- Economides, Kyriakos D -- Walker, David -- Yu, Hailong -- Halili, M Vivienne -- Hu, Ya-Ping -- Price, Sandy M -- Abate-Shen, Cory -- Shen, Michael M -- P01 CA154293/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK076602/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK076602-05/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- U01 CA084294/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U01 CA084294-10/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2009 Sep 24;461(7263):495-500. doi: 10.1038/nature08361. Epub 2009 Sep 9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19741607" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Androgens/deficiency/metabolism ; Animals ; Castration ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Division ; *Cell Lineage ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; Epithelial Cells/metabolism/*pathology/transplantation ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Homeodomain Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Kidney ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Nude ; Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism/*pathology/transplantation ; PTEN Phosphohydrolase/deficiency/genetics ; Prostatic Neoplasms/genetics/metabolism/*pathology ; Regeneration ; Transcription Factors/genetics/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2008-02-29
    Description: Signalling by means of toll-like receptors (TLRs) is essential for the development of innate and adaptive immune responses. UNC93B1, essential for signalling of TLR3, TLR7 and TLR9 in both humans and mice, physically interacts with these TLRs in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Here we show that the function of the polytopic membrane protein UNC93B1 is to deliver the nucleotide-sensing receptors TLR7 and TLR9 from the ER to endolysosomes. In dendritic cells of 3d mice, which express an UNC93B1 missense mutant (H412R) incapable of TLR binding, neither TLR7 nor TLR9 exits the ER. Furthermore, the trafficking and signalling defects of the nucleotide-sensing TLRs in 3d dendritic cells are corrected by expression of wild-type UNC93B1. However, UNC93B1 is dispensable for ligand recognition and signal initiation by TLRs. To our knowledge, UNC93B1 is the first protein to be identified as a molecule specifically involved in trafficking of nucleotide-sensing TLRs. By inhibiting the interaction between UNC93B1 and TLRs it should be possible to achieve specific regulation of the nucleotide-sensing TLRs without compromising signalling via the cell-surface-disposed TLRs.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kim, You-Me -- Brinkmann, Melanie M -- Paquet, Marie-Eve -- Ploegh, Hidde L -- England -- Nature. 2008 Mar 13;452(7184):234-8. doi: 10.1038/nature06726. Epub 2008 Feb 27.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 9 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA. ykim@wi.mit.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18305481" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; Dendritic Cells/metabolism ; *Endocytosis ; Endoplasmic Reticulum/metabolism ; Humans ; Ligands ; Lysosomes/*metabolism ; Membrane Glycoproteins/*metabolism ; Membrane Transport Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mutation ; Nucleotides/*metabolism ; Protein Transport ; Signal Transduction ; Toll-Like Receptor 7/*metabolism ; Toll-Like Receptor 9/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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