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  • 1
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    Expression, Glycosylation, and Secretion of an Aspergillus Glucoamylase by Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-04-05
    Description: A strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae capable of simultaneous hydrolysis and fermentation of highly polymerized starch oligosaccharides was constructed. The Aspergillus awamori glucoamylase enzyme, form GAI, was expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by means of the promoter and termination regions from a yeast enolase gene. Yeast transformed with plasmids containing an intron-free recombinant glucoamylase gene efficiently secreted glucoamylase into the medium, permitting growth of the transformants on starch as the sole carbon source. The natural leader sequence of the precursor of glucoamylase (preglucoamylase) was processed correctly by yeast, and the secreted enzyme was glycosylated through both N- and O-linkages at levels comparable to the native Aspergillus enzyme. The data provide evidence for the utility of yeast as an organism for the production, glycosylation, and secretion of heterologous proteins.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Innis, M A -- Holland, M J -- McCabe, P C -- Cole, G E -- Wittman, V P -- Tal, R -- Watt, K W -- Gelfand, D H -- Holland, J P -- Meade, J H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Apr 5;228(4695):21-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17811549" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    Millennial storage of near-Moho magma (2019)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉The lower crust plays a critical role in the processing of mantle melts and the triggering of volcanic eruptions by supply of magma from greater depth. Our understanding of the deeper parts of magmatic systems is obscured by overprinting of deep signals by shallow processes. We provide a direct estimate of magma residence time in basaltic systems of the deep crust by studying ultramafic nodules from the Borgarhraun eruption in Iceland. Modeling of chromium–aluminum interdiffusion in spinel crystals provides a record of long-term magmatic storage on the order of 1000 years. This places firm constraints on the total crustal residence time of mantle-derived magmas and has important implications for modeling the growth and evolution of transcrustal magmatic systems.〈/p〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Graduate students' views on unionization (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-01-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Castellanos, Mariajose -- Holland-Minkley, Amanda M -- MacKenzie, Allen B -- McNeil, Anne J -- Toomey, David -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jan 17;299(5605):345-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12532977" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Education, Graduate ; *Labor Unions ; New York ; United States ; *Universities
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  • 4
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    The fermionic hanbury brown and twiss experiment (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-04-09
    Description: A Hanbury Brown and Twiss experiment for a beam of electrons has been realized in a two-dimensional electron gas in the quantum Hall regime. A metallic split gate serves as a tunable beam splitter to partition the incident beam into transmitted and reflected partial beams. In the nonequilibrium case the fluctuations in the partial beams are shown to be fully anticorrelated, demonstrating that fermions exclude each other. In equilibrium, the cross-correlation of current fluctuations at two different contacts is also found to be negative and nonzero, provided that a direct transmission exists between the contacts.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Henny -- Oberholzer -- Strunk -- Heinzel -- Ensslin -- Holland -- Schonenberger -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Apr 9;284(5412):296-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland. Solid State Physics Laboratory, ETH Zurich, CH-8093, Switzerland. Department of Electronics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10195890" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 5
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    Explaining the Weddell Polynya--a large ocean eddy shed at Maud Rise (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-06-02
    Description: Satellite observations have shown the occasional occurrence of a large opening in the sea-ice cover of the Weddell Sea, Antarctica, a phenomenon known as the Weddell Polynya. The transient appearance, position, size, and shape of the polynya is explained here by a mechanism by which modest variations in the large-scale oceanic flow past the Maud Rise seamount cause a horizontal cyclonic eddy to be shed from its northeast flank. The shed eddy transmits a divergent Ekman stress into the sea ice, leading to a crescent-shaped opening in the pack. Atmospheric thermodynamical interaction further enhances the opening by inducing oceanic convection. A sea-ice-ocean computer model simulation vividly demonstrates how this mechanism fully accounts for the characteristics that mark Weddell Polynya events.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holland, D M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jun 1;292(5522):1697-700.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Atmosphere-Ocean Science, Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences and Faculty of Arts and Science, New York University, New York, NY 10012, USA. holland@cims.nyu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11387470" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 6
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    Consistent land- and atmosphere-based U.S. carbon sink estimates (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-06-26
    Description: For the period 1980-89, we estimate a carbon sink in the coterminous United States between 0.30 and 0.58 petagrams of carbon per year (petagrams of carbon = 10(15) grams of carbon). The net carbon flux from the atmosphere to the land was higher, 0.37 to 0.71 petagrams of carbon per year, because a net flux of 0.07 to 0.13 petagrams of carbon per year was exported by rivers and commerce and returned to the atmosphere elsewhere. These land-based estimates are larger than those from previous studies (0.08 to 0.35 petagrams of carbon per year) because of the inclusion of additional processes and revised estimates of some component fluxes. Although component estimates are uncertain, about one-half of the total is outside the forest sector. We also estimated the sink using atmospheric models and the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide (the tracer-transport inversion method). The range of results from the atmosphere-based inversions contains the land-based estimates. Atmosphere- and land-based estimates are thus consistent, within the large ranges of uncertainty for both methods. Atmosphere-based results for 1980-89 are similar to those for 1985-89 and 1990-94, indicating a relatively stable U.S. sink throughout the period.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pacala, S W -- Hurtt, G C -- Baker, D -- Peylin, P -- Houghton, R A -- Birdsey, R A -- Heath, L -- Sundquist, E T -- Stallard, R F -- Ciais, P -- Moorcroft, P -- Caspersen, J P -- Shevliakova, E -- Moore, B -- Kohlmaier, G -- Holland, E -- Gloor, M -- Harmon, M E -- Fan, S M -- Sarmiento, J L -- Goodale, C L -- Schimel, D -- Field, C B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jun 22;292(5525):2316-20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Program, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA. Pacala@princeton.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11423659" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agriculture ; *Atmosphere ; *Carbon/metabolism ; Carbon Dioxide ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Ecosystem ; Fires ; Forestry ; Soil ; Time Factors ; *Trees/metabolism ; United States ; Wood
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  • 7
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    Impairment of mycobacterial but not viral immunity by a germline human STAT1 mutation (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-07-14
    Description: Interferons (IFN) alpha/beta and gamma induce the formation of two transcriptional activators: gamma-activating factor (GAF) and interferon-stimulated gamma factor 3 (ISGF3). We report a natural heterozygous germline STAT1 mutation associated with susceptibility to mycobacterial but not viral disease. This mutation causes a loss of GAF and ISGF3 activation but is dominant for one cellular phenotype and recessive for the other. It impairs the nuclear accumulation of GAF but not of ISGF3 in heterozygous cells stimulated by IFNs. Thus, the antimycobacterial, but not the antiviral, effects of human IFNs are principally mediated by GAF.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dupuis, S -- Dargemont, C -- Fieschi, C -- Thomassin, N -- Rosenzweig, S -- Harris, J -- Holland, S M -- Schreiber, R D -- Casanova, J L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jul 13;293(5528):300-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratoire de Genetique Humaine des Maladies Infectieuses, Universite de Paris Rene Descartes-INSERM UMR550, Faculte de Medecine Necker-Enfants Malades, 75015 Paris, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11452125" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; DNA/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Female ; Fibroblasts/metabolism/virology ; Gene Expression Regulation ; *Germ-Line Mutation ; Humans ; *Immunity/genetics ; Interferon-Stimulated Gene Factor 3 ; Interferon-Stimulated Gene Factor 3, gamma Subunit ; Interferon-alpha/*immunology/metabolism ; Interferon-gamma/*immunology/metabolism ; Janus Kinase 1 ; Mice ; Mycobacterium Infections/genetics/*immunology ; Mycobacterium avium Complex/immunology ; Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare Infection/genetics/immunology ; Mycobacterium bovis ; Pedigree ; Protein Binding ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/genetics ; STAT1 Transcription Factor ; Signal Transduction ; Simian virus 40 ; Trans-Activators/genetics/*physiology ; Transcription Factors/physiology ; Virus Diseases/genetics/*immunology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Rates of evolution in ancient DNA from Adelie penguins (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-03-23
    Description: Well-preserved subfossil bones of Adelie penguins, Pygoscelis adeliae, underlie existing and abandoned nesting colonies in Antarctica. These bones, dating back to more than 7000 years before the present, harbor some of the best-preserved ancient DNA yet discovered. From 96 radiocarbon-aged bones, we report large numbers of mitochondrial haplotypes, some of which appear to be extinct, given the 380 living birds sampled. We demonstrate DNA sequence evolution through time and estimate the rate of evolution of the hypervariable region I using a Markov chain Monte Carlo integration and a least-squares regression analysis. Our calculated rates of evolution are approximately two to seven times higher than previous indirect phylogenetic estimates.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lambert, D M -- Ritchie, P A -- Millar, C D -- Holland, B -- Drummond, A J -- Baroni, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Mar 22;295(5563):2270-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Molecular BioSciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North, New Zealand. D.M.Lambert@massey.ac.nz〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11910113" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antarctic Regions ; Birds/*genetics ; Bone and Bones/metabolism ; Calibration ; Carbon Radioisotopes ; DNA, Mitochondrial/*genetics/isolation & purification ; Ecosystem ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Fossils ; Haplotypes/genetics ; Least-Squares Analysis ; Markov Chains ; Monte Carlo Method ; Phylogeny ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Time Factors
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  • 9
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    How and why do insects migrate? (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2006-08-12
    Description: Countless numbers of insects migrate within and between continents every year, and yet we know very little about the ultimate reasons and proximate mechanisms that would explain these mass movements. Here we suggest that perhaps the most important reason for insects to migrate is to hedge their reproductive bets. By spreading their breeding efforts in space and time, insects distribute their offspring over a range of environmental conditions. We show how the study of individual long-distance movements of insects may contribute to a better understanding of migration. In the future, advances in tracking methods may enable the global surveillance of large insects such as desert locusts.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holland, Richard A -- Wikelski, Martin -- Wilcove, David S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Aug 11;313(5788):794-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton NJ 08544, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16902129" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Animal Migration ; Animals ; *Flight, Animal ; Insects/genetics/*physiology ; Reproduction ; Telemetry
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  • 10
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    Was there really an Archean phosphate crisis? (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2007-03-03
    Description: During the Archean, massive amounts of iron were deposited in the form of banded iron formations. It has been suggested that sedimenting particles of ferric oxyhydroxide may have stripped dissolved phosphate from the oceans, causing a reduction in phytoplankton productivity. However, that model does not take into account the high concentration of dissolved silica that was present in seawater at that time. We show experimentally that silica effectively competes with phosphate for sorption sites on ferrihydrite particles. Furthermore, coprecipitation of silica with ferrihydrite reduces particle reactivity toward phosphate. Hence, Archean oceans probably contained considerably more phosphate than previously predicted.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Konhauser, Kurt O -- Lalonde, Stefan V -- Amskold, Larry -- Holland, Heinrich D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Mar 2;315(5816):1234.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E3, Canada. kurtk@ualberta.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17332403" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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