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  • Articles  (89)
  • Cell Line  (89)
  • Nature Publishing Group (NPG)  (89)
  • 2005-2009  (89)
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  • Articles  (89)
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  • 1
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    IL-21 and TGF-beta are required for differentiation of human T(H)17 cells (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2008-05-13
    Description: The recent discovery of CD4(+) T cells characterized by secretion of interleukin (IL)-17 (T(H)17 cells) and the naturally occurring regulatory FOXP3(+) CD4 T cell (nT(reg)) has had a major impact on our understanding of immune processes not readily explained by the T(H)1/T(H)2 paradigm. T(H)17 and nT(reg) cells have been implicated in the pathogenesis of human autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease and psoriasis. Our recent data and the work of others demonstrated that transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) and IL-6 are responsible for the differentiation of naive mouse T cells into T(H)17 cells, and it has been proposed that IL-23 may have a critical role in stabilization of the T(H)17 phenotype. A second pathway has been discovered in which a combination of TGF-beta and IL-21 is capable of inducing differentiation of mouse T(H)17 cells in the absence of IL-6 (refs 6-8). However, TGF-beta and IL-6 are not capable of differentiating human T(H)17 cells and it has been suggested that TGF-beta may in fact suppress the generation of human T(H)17 cells. Instead, it has been recently shown that the cytokines IL-1beta, IL-6 and IL-23 are capable of driving IL-17 secretion in short-term CD4(+) T cell lines isolated from human peripheral blood, although the factors required for differentiation of naive human CD4 to T(H)17 cells are still unknown. Here we confirm that whereas IL-1beta and IL-6 induce IL-17A secretion from human central memory CD4(+) T cells, TGF-beta and IL-21 uniquely promote the differentiation of human naive CD4(+) T cells into T(H)17 cells accompanied by expression of the transcription factor RORC2. These data will allow the investigation of this new population of T(H)17 cells in human inflammatory disease.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2760130/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2760130/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yang, Li -- Anderson, David E -- Baecher-Allan, Clare -- Hastings, William D -- Bettelli, Estelle -- Oukka, Mohamed -- Kuchroo, Vijay K -- Hafler, David A -- P01 AI039671/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P01 AI039671-14/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P01 NS038037/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P01 NS038037-080006/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI073542/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI073542-01/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI073542-02/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI073542-03/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R37 NS024247/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R37 NS024247-20/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- U19 AI070352/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U19 AI070352-03/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2008 Jul 17;454(7202):350-2. doi: 10.1038/nature07021. Epub 2008 May 11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Molecular Immunology, Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18469800" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Cell Differentiation ; Cell Line ; Cells, Cultured ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Interleukin-17/metabolism ; Interleukins/*metabolism ; Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3 ; T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/*cytology/*metabolism ; Transcription Factors/genetics/metabolism ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    Cancer-associated IDH1 mutations produce 2-hydroxyglutarate (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2009-11-26
    Description: Mutations in the enzyme cytosolic isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) are a common feature of a major subset of primary human brain cancers. These mutations occur at a single amino acid residue of the IDH1 active site, resulting in loss of the enzyme's ability to catalyse conversion of isocitrate to alpha-ketoglutarate. However, only a single copy of the gene is mutated in tumours, raising the possibility that the mutations do not result in a simple loss of function. Here we show that cancer-associated IDH1 mutations result in a new ability of the enzyme to catalyse the NADPH-dependent reduction of alpha-ketoglutarate to R(-)-2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG). Structural studies demonstrate that when arginine 132 is mutated to histidine, residues in the active site are shifted to produce structural changes consistent with reduced oxidative decarboxylation of isocitrate and acquisition of the ability to convert alpha-ketoglutarate to 2HG. Excess accumulation of 2HG has been shown to lead to an elevated risk of malignant brain tumours in patients with inborn errors of 2HG metabolism. Similarly, in human malignant gliomas harbouring IDH1 mutations, we find markedly elevated levels of 2HG. These data demonstrate that the IDH1 mutations result in production of the onco-metabolite 2HG, and indicate that the excess 2HG which accumulates in vivo contributes to the formation and malignant progression of gliomas.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2818760/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2818760/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dang, Lenny -- White, David W -- Gross, Stefan -- Bennett, Bryson D -- Bittinger, Mark A -- Driggers, Edward M -- Fantin, Valeria R -- Jang, Hyun Gyung -- Jin, Shengfang -- Keenan, Marie C -- Marks, Kevin M -- Prins, Robert M -- Ward, Patrick S -- Yen, Katharine E -- Liau, Linda M -- Rabinowitz, Joshua D -- Cantley, Lewis C -- Thompson, Craig B -- Vander Heiden, Matthew G -- Su, Shinsan M -- P01 CA104838/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01 CA104838-05/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P30 EB009998/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA105463/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA105463-06/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R21 CA128620/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2009 Dec 10;462(7274):739-44. doi: 10.1038/nature08617. Epub .〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Agios Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19935646" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Arginine/genetics ; Brain Neoplasms/*genetics/*metabolism/pathology ; Catalytic Domain ; Cell Line ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Disease Progression ; Enzyme Assays ; Glioma/genetics/metabolism/pathology ; Glutarates/*metabolism ; Histidine/genetics/metabolism ; Humans ; Isocitrate Dehydrogenase/*genetics/*metabolism ; Ketoglutaric Acids/metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Mutant Proteins/*genetics/*metabolism ; Mutation/genetics ; Protein Conformation
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Characterization of two classes of small molecule inhibitors of Arp2/3 complex (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2009-08-04
    Description: Polymerization of actin filaments directed by the actin-related protein (Arp)2/3 complex supports many types of cellular movements. However, questions remain regarding the relative contributions of Arp2/3 complex versus other mechanisms of actin filament nucleation to processes such as path finding by neuronal growth cones; this is because of the lack of simple methods to inhibit Arp2/3 complex reversibly in living cells. Here we describe two classes of small molecules that bind to different sites on the Arp2/3 complex and inhibit its ability to nucleate actin filaments. CK-0944636 binds between Arp2 and Arp3, where it appears to block movement of Arp2 and Arp3 into their active conformation. CK-0993548 inserts into the hydrophobic core of Arp3 and alters its conformation. Both classes of compounds inhibit formation of actin filament comet tails by Listeria and podosomes by monocytes. Two inhibitors with different mechanisms of action provide a powerful approach for studying the Arp2/3 complex in living cells.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2780427/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2780427/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nolen, B J -- Tomasevic, N -- Russell, A -- Pierce, D W -- Jia, Z -- McCormick, C D -- Hartman, J -- Sakowicz, R -- Pollard, T D -- F32 GM074374-02/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM-066311/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM074374-02/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P01 GM066311/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P01 GM066311-01A1/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P30 EB009998/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2009 Aug 20;460(7258):1031-4. doi: 10.1038/nature08231. Epub 2009 Aug 2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19648907" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actin Cytoskeleton/drug effects/metabolism ; Actin-Related Protein 2/antagonists & inhibitors/chemistry/metabolism ; Actin-Related Protein 2-3 Complex/*antagonists & inhibitors/chemistry/metabolism ; Actin-Related Protein 3/antagonists & inhibitors/chemistry/metabolism ; Actins/chemistry/metabolism ; Animals ; Biopolymers/chemistry/metabolism ; Cattle ; Cell Line ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Humans ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Indoles/classification/metabolism/pharmacology ; Listeria/physiology ; Models, Molecular ; Monocytes/immunology ; Protein Conformation/drug effects ; Schizosaccharomyces ; Thiazoles/chemistry/classification/metabolism/pharmacology ; Thiophenes/classification/metabolism/pharmacology
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    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Histone modifications at human enhancers reflect global cell-type-specific gene expression (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2009-03-20
    Description: The human body is composed of diverse cell types with distinct functions. Although it is known that lineage specification depends on cell-specific gene expression, which in turn is driven by promoters, enhancers, insulators and other cis-regulatory DNA sequences for each gene, the relative roles of these regulatory elements in this process are not clear. We have previously developed a chromatin-immunoprecipitation-based microarray method (ChIP-chip) to locate promoters, enhancers and insulators in the human genome. Here we use the same approach to identify these elements in multiple cell types and investigate their roles in cell-type-specific gene expression. We observed that the chromatin state at promoters and CTCF-binding at insulators is largely invariant across diverse cell types. In contrast, enhancers are marked with highly cell-type-specific histone modification patterns, strongly correlate to cell-type-specific gene expression programs on a global scale, and are functionally active in a cell-type-specific manner. Our results define over 55,000 potential transcriptional enhancers in the human genome, significantly expanding the current catalogue of human enhancers and highlighting the role of these elements in cell-type-specific gene expression.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2910248/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2910248/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Heintzman, Nathaniel D -- Hon, Gary C -- Hawkins, R David -- Kheradpour, Pouya -- Stark, Alexander -- Harp, Lindsey F -- Ye, Zhen -- Lee, Leonard K -- Stuart, Rhona K -- Ching, Christina W -- Ching, Keith A -- Antosiewicz-Bourget, Jessica E -- Liu, Hui -- Zhang, Xinmin -- Green, Roland D -- Lobanenkov, Victor V -- Stewart, Ron -- Thomson, James A -- Crawford, Gregory E -- Kellis, Manolis -- Ren, Bing -- R01 HG004037/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG004037-02/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U01 HG003151/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U01 HG003151-01/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U01 HG003151-01S1/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U01 HG003151-02/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U01 HG003151-03/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U01 HG003151-03S1/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U01 HG003151-03S2/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- Intramural NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2009 May 7;459(7243):108-12. doi: 10.1038/nature07829. Epub 2009 Mar 18.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, UCSD School of Medicine, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0653, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19295514" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Binding Sites ; Cell Line ; *Cell Physiological Phenomena ; Chromatin/genetics ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Genome, Human/genetics ; HeLa Cells ; Histones/*metabolism ; Humans ; K562 Cells ; Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics ; Transcription Factors/*genetics/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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  • 5
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    Deubiquitinase USP9X stabilizes MCL1 and promotes tumour cell survival (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2009-12-22
    Description: MCL1 is essential for the survival of stem and progenitor cells of multiple lineages, and is unique among pro-survival BCL2 family members in that it is rapidly turned over through the action of ubiquitin ligases. B- and mantle-cell lymphomas, chronic myeloid leukaemia, and multiple myeloma, however, express abnormally high levels of MCL1, contributing to chemoresistance and disease relapse. The mechanism of MCL1 overexpression in cancer is not well understood. Here we show that the deubiquitinase USP9X stabilizes MCL1 and thereby promotes cell survival. USP9X binds MCL1 and removes the Lys 48-linked polyubiquitin chains that normally mark MCL1 for proteasomal degradation. Increased USP9X expression correlates with increased MCL1 protein in human follicular lymphomas and diffuse large B-cell lymphomas. Moreover, patients with multiple myeloma overexpressing USP9X have a poor prognosis. Knockdown of USP9X increases MCL1 polyubiquitination, which enhances MCL1 turnover and cell killing by the BH3 mimetic ABT-737. These results identify USP9X as a prognostic and therapeutic target, and they show that deubiquitinases may stabilize labile oncoproteins in human malignancies.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schwickart, Martin -- Huang, Xiaodong -- Lill, Jennie R -- Liu, Jinfeng -- Ferrando, Ronald -- French, Dorothy M -- Maecker, Heather -- O'Rourke, Karen -- Bazan, Fernando -- Eastham-Anderson, Jeffrey -- Yue, Peng -- Dornan, David -- Huang, David C S -- Dixit, Vishva M -- England -- Nature. 2010 Jan 7;463(7277):103-7. doi: 10.1038/nature08646. Epub 2009 Dec 20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physiological Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20023629" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Apoptosis/drug effects ; Biphenyl Compounds/pharmacology ; Cell Line ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Survival ; DNA Damage ; Etoposide/pharmacology ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Gene Knockdown Techniques ; Half-Life ; Humans ; Lysine/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, SCID ; Myeloid Cell Leukemia Sequence 1 Protein ; Neoplasms/diagnosis/*metabolism/*pathology ; Nitrophenols/pharmacology ; Phosphorylation/radiation effects ; Piperazines/pharmacology ; Polyubiquitin/*metabolism ; Prognosis ; Protein Binding/radiation effects ; Protein Stability ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/genetics/*metabolism ; RNA Interference ; Sulfonamides/pharmacology ; Taxoids/pharmacology ; Ubiquitin Thiolesterase/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Ubiquitination ; Ultraviolet Rays ; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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  • 6
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    Somatic and germline activating mutations of the ALK kinase receptor in neuroblastoma (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2008-10-17
    Description: Neuroblastoma, a tumour derived from the peripheral sympathetic nervous system, is one of the most frequent solid tumours in childhood. It usually occurs sporadically but familial cases are observed, with a subset of cases occurring in association with congenital malformations of the neural crest being linked to germline mutations of the PHOX2B gene. Here we conducted genome-wide comparative genomic hybridization analysis on a large series of neuroblastomas. Copy number increase at the locus encoding the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) tyrosine kinase receptor was observed recurrently. One particularly informative case presented a high-level gene amplification that was strictly limited to ALK, indicating that this gene may contribute on its own to neuroblastoma development. Through subsequent direct sequencing of cell lines and primary tumour DNAs we identified somatic mutations of the ALK kinase domain that mainly clustered in two hotspots. Germline mutations were observed in two neuroblastoma families, indicating that ALK is a neuroblastoma predisposition gene. Mutated ALK proteins were overexpressed, hyperphosphorylated and showed constitutive kinase activity. The knockdown of ALK expression in ALK-mutated cells, but also in cell lines overexpressing a wild-type ALK, led to a marked decrease of cell proliferation. Altogether, these data identify ALK as a critical player in neuroblastoma development that may hence represent a very attractive therapeutic target in this disease that is still frequently fatal with current treatments.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Janoueix-Lerosey, Isabelle -- Lequin, Delphine -- Brugieres, Laurence -- Ribeiro, Agnes -- de Pontual, Loic -- Combaret, Valerie -- Raynal, Virginie -- Puisieux, Alain -- Schleiermacher, Gudrun -- Pierron, Gaelle -- Valteau-Couanet, Dominique -- Frebourg, Thierry -- Michon, Jean -- Lyonnet, Stanislas -- Amiel, Jeanne -- Delattre, Olivier -- England -- Nature. 2008 Oct 16;455(7215):967-70. doi: 10.1038/nature07398.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, and Inserm, U830, 26 rue d'Ulm, Paris F-75248, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18923523" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Division ; Cell Line ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Child ; Gene Dosage ; Genome, Human/genetics ; Germ-Line Mutation/*genetics ; Humans ; Neuroblastoma/enzymology/*genetics ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Phosphorylation ; Point Mutation/*genetics ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/chemistry/deficiency/*genetics/metabolism ; Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases
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  • 7
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    A role for VEGF as a negative regulator of pericyte function and vessel maturation (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2008-11-11
    Description: Angiogenesis does not only depend on endothelial cell invasion and proliferation: it also requires pericyte coverage of vascular sprouts for vessel stabilization. These processes are coordinated by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) through their cognate receptors on endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), respectively. PDGF induces neovascularization by priming VSMCs/pericytes to release pro-angiogenic mediators. Although VEGF directly stimulates endothelial cell proliferation and migration, its role in pericyte biology is less clear. Here we define a role for VEGF as an inhibitor of neovascularization on the basis of its capacity to disrupt VSMC function. Specifically, under conditions of PDGF-mediated angiogenesis, VEGF ablates pericyte coverage of nascent vascular sprouts, leading to vessel destabilization. At the molecular level, VEGF-mediated activation of VEGF-R2 suppresses PDGF-Rbeta signalling in VSMCs through the assembly of a previously undescribed receptor complex consisting of PDGF-Rbeta and VEGF-R2. Inhibition of VEGF-R2 not only prevents assembly of this receptor complex but also restores angiogenesis in tissues exposed to both VEGF and PDGF. Finally, genetic deletion of tumour cell VEGF disrupts PDGF-Rbeta/VEGF-R2 complex formation and increases tumour vessel maturation. These findings underscore the importance of VSMCs/pericytes in neovascularization and reveal a dichotomous role for VEGF and VEGF-R2 signalling as both a promoter of endothelial cell function and a negative regulator of VSMCs and vessel maturation.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2605188/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2605188/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Greenberg, Joshua I -- Shields, David J -- Barillas, Samuel G -- Acevedo, Lisette M -- Murphy, Eric -- Huang, Jianhua -- Scheppke, Lea -- Stockmann, Christian -- Johnson, Randall S -- Angle, Niren -- Cheresh, David A -- GM 68524/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P01 CA078045/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01 CA078045-050004/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01 CA078045-100004/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01 CA078045-109001/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA095262/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA095262-06/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA118165/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL078912/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL078912-04/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R21 CA129660/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R21 CA129660-02/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R37 CA050286/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R37 CA050286-19/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R37 CA050286-20/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R37-CA082515/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R37-CA50286/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2008 Dec 11;456(7223):809-13. doi: 10.1038/nature07424. Epub 2008 Nov 9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Moore's UCSD Cancer Center, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18997771" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Angiogenesis Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Animals ; Blood Vessels/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cells, Cultured ; Fibrosarcoma/blood supply ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Nude ; Neovascularization, Physiologic/drug effects/*physiology ; Pericytes/drug effects/*metabolism ; Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor beta/metabolism ; Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/*metabolism
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Control of chromosome stability by the beta-TrCP-REST-Mad2 axis (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2008-03-21
    Description: REST/NRSF (repressor-element-1-silencing transcription factor/neuron-restrictive silencing factor) negatively regulates the transcription of genes containing RE1 sites. REST is expressed in non-neuronal cells and stem/progenitor neuronal cells, in which it inhibits the expression of neuron-specific genes. Overexpression of REST is frequently found in human medulloblastomas and neuroblastomas, in which it is thought to maintain the stem character of tumour cells. Neural stem cells forced to express REST and c-Myc fail to differentiate and give rise to tumours in the mouse cerebellum. Expression of a splice variant of REST that lacks the carboxy terminus has been associated with neuronal tumours and small-cell lung carcinomas, and a frameshift mutant (REST-FS), which is also truncated at the C terminus, has oncogenic properties. Here we show, by using an unbiased screen, that REST is an interactor of the F-box protein beta-TrCP. REST is degraded by means of the ubiquitin ligase SCF(beta-TrCP) during the G2 phase of the cell cycle to allow transcriptional derepression of Mad2, an essential component of the spindle assembly checkpoint. The expression in cultured cells of a stable REST mutant, which is unable to bind beta-TrCP, inhibited Mad2 expression and resulted in a phenotype analogous to that observed in Mad2(+/-) cells. In particular, we observed defects that were consistent with faulty activation of the spindle checkpoint, such as shortened mitosis, premature sister-chromatid separation, chromosome bridges and mis-segregation in anaphase, tetraploidy, and faster mitotic slippage in the presence of a spindle inhibitor. An indistinguishable phenotype was observed by expressing the oncogenic REST-FS mutant, which does not bind beta-TrCP. Thus, SCF(beta-TrCP)-dependent degradation of REST during G2 permits the optimal activation of the spindle checkpoint, and consequently it is required for the fidelity of mitosis. The high levels of REST or its truncated variants found in certain human tumours may contribute to cellular transformation by promoting genomic instability.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2707768/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2707768/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Guardavaccaro, Daniele -- Frescas, David -- Dorrello, N Valerio -- Peschiaroli, Angelo -- Multani, Asha S -- Cardozo, Timothy -- Lasorella, Anna -- Iavarone, Antonio -- Chang, Sandy -- Hernando, Eva -- Pagano, Michele -- R01 GM057587/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM057587-10/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2008 Mar 20;452(7185):365-9. doi: 10.1038/nature06641.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology, NYU Cancer Institute, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, MSB 599, New York, New York 10016, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18354482" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Calcium-Binding Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Cycle Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; *Chromosomal Instability ; G2 Phase ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genomic Instability ; Humans ; Mad2 Proteins ; Mitosis ; Protein Binding ; Repressor Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; SKP Cullin F-Box Protein Ligases/metabolism ; Spindle Apparatus/physiology ; Transcription Factors/genetics/*metabolism ; beta-Transducin Repeat-Containing Proteins/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    A paracrine requirement for hedgehog signalling in cancer (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-08-30
    Description: Ligand-dependent activation of the hedgehog (Hh) signalling pathway has been associated with tumorigenesis in a number of human tissues. Here we show that, although previous reports have described a cell-autonomous role for Hh signalling in these tumours, Hh ligands fail to activate signalling in tumour epithelial cells. In contrast, our data support ligand-dependent activation of the Hh pathway in the stromal microenvironment. Specific inhibition of Hh signalling using small molecule inhibitors, a neutralizing anti-Hh antibody or genetic deletion of smoothened (Smo) in the mouse stroma results in growth inhibition in xenograft tumour models. Taken together, these studies demonstrate a paracrine requirement for Hh ligand signalling in the tumorigenesis of Hh-expressing cancers and have important implications for the development of Hh pathway antagonists in cancer.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yauch, Robert L -- Gould, Stephen E -- Scales, Suzie J -- Tang, Tracy -- Tian, Hua -- Ahn, Christina P -- Marshall, Derek -- Fu, Ling -- Januario, Thomas -- Kallop, Dara -- Nannini-Pepe, Michelle -- Kotkow, Karen -- Marsters, James C -- Rubin, Lee L -- de Sauvage, Frederic J -- England -- Nature. 2008 Sep 18;455(7211):406-10. doi: 10.1038/nature07275. Epub 2008 Aug 27.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18754008" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; Female ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Hedgehog Proteins/*metabolism ; Humans ; Ligands ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Neoplasms/genetics/*metabolism ; Paracrine Communication/*physiology ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/deficiency/genetics/metabolism ; Stromal Cells/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    NLRX1 is a regulator of mitochondrial antiviral immunity (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2008-01-18
    Description: The RIG-like helicase (RLH) family of intracellular receptors detect viral nucleic acid and signal through the mitochondrial antiviral signalling adaptor MAVS (also known as Cardif, VISA and IPS-1) during a viral infection. MAVS activation leads to the rapid production of antiviral cytokines, including type 1 interferons. Although MAVS is vital to antiviral immunity, its regulation from within the mitochondria remains unknown. Here we describe human NLRX1, a highly conserved nucleotide-binding domain (NBD)- and leucine-rich-repeat (LRR)-containing family member (known as NLR) that localizes to the mitochondrial outer membrane and interacts with MAVS. Expression of NLRX1 results in the potent inhibition of RLH- and MAVS-mediated interferon-beta promoter activity and in the disruption of virus-induced RLH-MAVS interactions. Depletion of NLRX1 with small interference RNA promotes virus-induced type I interferon production and decreases viral replication. This work identifies NLRX1 as a check against mitochondrial antiviral responses and represents an intersection of three ancient cellular processes: NLR signalling, intracellular virus detection and the use of mitochondria as a platform for anti-pathogen signalling. This represents a conceptual advance, in that NLRX1 is a modulator of pathogen-associated molecular pattern receptors rather than a receptor, and identifies a key therapeutic target for enhancing antiviral responses.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Moore, Chris B -- Bergstralh, Daniel T -- Duncan, Joseph A -- Lei, Yu -- Morrison, Thomas E -- Zimmermann, Albert G -- Accavitti-Loper, Mary A -- Madden, Victoria J -- Sun, Lijun -- Ye, Zhengmao -- Lich, John D -- Heise, Mark T -- Chen, Zhijian -- Ting, Jenny P-Y -- England -- Nature. 2008 Jan 31;451(7178):573-7. doi: 10.1038/nature06501. Epub 2008 Jan 16.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology-Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18200010" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Cloning, Molecular ; Computational Biology ; Humans ; Interferon-beta/biosynthesis/genetics/metabolism ; Mice ; Mitochondria/*immunology/*metabolism ; Mitochondrial Membranes/metabolism ; Mitochondrial Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; NF-kappa B/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Protein Transport ; RNA, Small Interfering/genetics/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Virus Replication ; Viruses/*immunology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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