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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2011-03-04
    Description: Chromosomal translocations are critically involved in the molecular pathogenesis of B-cell lymphomas, and highly recurrent and specific rearrangements have defined distinct molecular subtypes linked to unique clinicopathological features. In contrast, several well-characterized lymphoma entities still lack disease-defining translocation events. To identify novel fusion transcripts resulting from translocations, we investigated two Hodgkin lymphoma cell lines by whole-transcriptome paired-end sequencing (RNA-seq). Here we show a highly expressed gene fusion involving the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II transactivator CIITA (MHC2TA) in KM-H2 cells. In a subsequent evaluation of 263 B-cell lymphomas, we also demonstrate that genomic CIITA breaks are highly recurrent in primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma (38%) and classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) (15%). Furthermore, we find that CIITA is a promiscuous partner of various in-frame gene fusions, and we report that CIITA gene alterations impact survival in primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma (PMBCL). As functional consequences of CIITA gene fusions, we identify downregulation of surface HLA class II expression and overexpression of ligands of the receptor molecule programmed cell death 1 (CD274/PDL1 and CD273/PDL2). These receptor-ligand interactions have been shown to impact anti-tumour immune responses in several cancers, whereas decreased MHC class II expression has been linked to reduced tumour cell immunogenicity. Thus, our findings suggest that recurrent rearrangements of CIITA may represent a novel genetic mechanism underlying tumour-microenvironment interactions across a spectrum of lymphoid cancers.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3902849/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3902849/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Steidl, Christian -- Shah, Sohrab P -- Woolcock, Bruce W -- Rui, Lixin -- Kawahara, Masahiro -- Farinha, Pedro -- Johnson, Nathalie A -- Zhao, Yongjun -- Telenius, Adele -- Neriah, Susana Ben -- McPherson, Andrew -- Meissner, Barbara -- Okoye, Ujunwa C -- Diepstra, Arjan -- van den Berg, Anke -- Sun, Mark -- Leung, Gillian -- Jones, Steven J -- Connors, Joseph M -- Huntsman, David G -- Savage, Kerry J -- Rimsza, Lisa M -- Horsman, Douglas E -- Staudt, Louis M -- Steidl, Ulrich -- Marra, Marco A -- Gascoyne, Randy D -- 178536/Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada -- R00 CA131503/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R00CA131503/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM007288/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2011 Mar 17;471(7338):377-81. doi: 10.1038/nature09754. Epub 2011 Mar 2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Centre for Lymphoid Cancers and the Centre for Translational and Applied Genomics, Vancouver, British Columbia, V5Z4E6, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21368758" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antigens, CD/genetics/metabolism ; Antigens, CD274 ; Antigens, CD80/genetics/metabolism ; Base Sequence ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Chromosome Breakpoints ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Hodgkin Disease/genetics ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Jurkat Cells ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Lymphoma, B-Cell/*genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nuclear Proteins/*genetics ; Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/*genetics ; Programmed Cell Death 1 Ligand 2 Protein ; RNA, Neoplasm/genetics ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology/metabolism/pathology ; Tissue Array Analysis ; Trans-Activators/*genetics ; Translocation, Genetic/*genetics ; Tumor Microenvironment
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2011-07-29
    Description: Follicular lymphoma (FL) and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) are the two most common non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs). Here we sequenced tumour and matched normal DNA from 13 DLBCL cases and one FL case to identify genes with mutations in B-cell NHL. We analysed RNA-seq data from these and another 113 NHLs to identify genes with candidate mutations, and then re-sequenced tumour and matched normal DNA from these cases to confirm 109 genes with multiple somatic mutations. Genes with roles in histone modification were frequent targets of somatic mutation. For example, 32% of DLBCL and 89% of FL cases had somatic mutations in MLL2, which encodes a histone methyltransferase, and 11.4% and 13.4% of DLBCL and FL cases, respectively, had mutations in MEF2B, a calcium-regulated gene that cooperates with CREBBP and EP300 in acetylating histones. Our analysis suggests a previously unappreciated disruption of chromatin biology in lymphomagenesis.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3210554/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3210554/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Morin, Ryan D -- Mendez-Lago, Maria -- Mungall, Andrew J -- Goya, Rodrigo -- Mungall, Karen L -- Corbett, Richard D -- Johnson, Nathalie A -- Severson, Tesa M -- Chiu, Readman -- Field, Matthew -- Jackman, Shaun -- Krzywinski, Martin -- Scott, David W -- Trinh, Diane L -- Tamura-Wells, Jessica -- Li, Sa -- Firme, Marlo R -- Rogic, Sanja -- Griffith, Malachi -- Chan, Susanna -- Yakovenko, Oleksandr -- Meyer, Irmtraud M -- Zhao, Eric Y -- Smailus, Duane -- Moksa, Michelle -- Chittaranjan, Suganthi -- Rimsza, Lisa -- Brooks-Wilson, Angela -- Spinelli, John J -- Ben-Neriah, Susana -- Meissner, Barbara -- Woolcock, Bruce -- Boyle, Merrill -- McDonald, Helen -- Tam, Angela -- Zhao, Yongjun -- Delaney, Allen -- Zeng, Thomas -- Tse, Kane -- Butterfield, Yaron -- Birol, Inanc -- Holt, Rob -- Schein, Jacqueline -- Horsman, Douglas E -- Moore, Richard -- Jones, Steven J M -- Connors, Joseph M -- Hirst, Martin -- Gascoyne, Randy D -- Marra, Marco A -- 1U01CA114778/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- HHSN261200800001E/PHS HHS/ -- P50CA130805-01/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- TGT-53912/Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada -- U24 CA143866/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U24 CA143866-01/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U24 CA143866-02/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U24 CA143866-03/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2011 Jul 27;476(7360):298-303. doi: 10.1038/nature10351.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1L3, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21796119" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chromatin/genetics/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Genome, Human/genetics ; Histone Acetyltransferases/genetics/metabolism ; Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase/genetics/metabolism ; Histones/*metabolism ; Humans ; Loss of Heterozygosity/genetics ; Lymphoma, Follicular/enzymology/genetics ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/enzymology/genetics ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/enzymology/*genetics ; MADS Domain Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; MEF2 Transcription Factors ; Mutation/*genetics ; Myogenic Regulatory Factors/genetics/metabolism ; Neoplasm Proteins/genetics/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2012-07-27
    Description: Medulloblastoma, the most common malignant paediatric brain tumour, is currently treated with nonspecific cytotoxic therapies including surgery, whole-brain radiation, and aggressive chemotherapy. As medulloblastoma exhibits marked intertumoural heterogeneity, with at least four distinct molecular variants, previous attempts to identify targets for therapy have been underpowered because of small samples sizes. Here we report somatic copy number aberrations (SCNAs) in 1,087 unique medulloblastomas. SCNAs are common in medulloblastoma, and are predominantly subgroup-enriched. The most common region of focal copy number gain is a tandem duplication of SNCAIP, a gene associated with Parkinson's disease, which is exquisitely restricted to Group 4alpha. Recurrent translocations of PVT1, including PVT1-MYC and PVT1-NDRG1, that arise through chromothripsis are restricted to Group 3. Numerous targetable SCNAs, including recurrent events targeting TGF-beta signalling in Group 3, and NF-kappaB signalling in Group 4, suggest future avenues for rational, targeted therapy.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3683624/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3683624/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Northcott, Paul A -- Shih, David J H -- Peacock, John -- Garzia, Livia -- Morrissy, A Sorana -- Zichner, Thomas -- Stutz, Adrian M -- Korshunov, Andrey -- Reimand, Juri -- Schumacher, Steven E -- Beroukhim, Rameen -- Ellison, David W -- Marshall, Christian R -- Lionel, Anath C -- Mack, Stephen -- Dubuc, Adrian -- Yao, Yuan -- Ramaswamy, Vijay -- Luu, Betty -- Rolider, Adi -- Cavalli, Florence M G -- Wang, Xin -- Remke, Marc -- Wu, Xiaochong -- Chiu, Readman Y B -- Chu, Andy -- Chuah, Eric -- Corbett, Richard D -- Hoad, Gemma R -- Jackman, Shaun D -- Li, Yisu -- Lo, Allan -- Mungall, Karen L -- Nip, Ka Ming -- Qian, Jenny Q -- Raymond, Anthony G J -- Thiessen, Nina T -- Varhol, Richard J -- Birol, Inanc -- Moore, Richard A -- Mungall, Andrew J -- Holt, Robert -- Kawauchi, Daisuke -- Roussel, Martine F -- Kool, Marcel -- Jones, David T W -- Witt, Hendrick -- Fernandez-L, Africa -- Kenney, Anna M -- Wechsler-Reya, Robert J -- Dirks, Peter -- Aviv, Tzvi -- Grajkowska, Wieslawa A -- Perek-Polnik, Marta -- Haberler, Christine C -- Delattre, Olivier -- Reynaud, Stephanie S -- Doz, Francois F -- Pernet-Fattet, Sarah S -- Cho, Byung-Kyu -- Kim, Seung-Ki -- Wang, Kyu-Chang -- Scheurlen, Wolfram -- Eberhart, Charles G -- Fevre-Montange, Michelle -- Jouvet, Anne -- Pollack, Ian F -- Fan, Xing -- Muraszko, Karin M -- Gillespie, G Yancey -- Di Rocco, Concezio -- Massimi, Luca -- Michiels, Erna M C -- Kloosterhof, Nanne K -- French, Pim J -- Kros, Johan M -- Olson, James M -- Ellenbogen, Richard G -- Zitterbart, Karel -- Kren, Leos -- Thompson, Reid C -- Cooper, Michael K -- Lach, Boleslaw -- McLendon, Roger E -- Bigner, Darell D -- Fontebasso, Adam -- Albrecht, Steffen -- Jabado, Nada -- Lindsey, Janet C -- Bailey, Simon -- Gupta, Nalin -- Weiss, William A -- Bognar, Laszlo -- Klekner, Almos -- Van Meter, Timothy E -- Kumabe, Toshihiro -- Tominaga, Teiji -- Elbabaa, Samer K -- Leonard, Jeffrey R -- Rubin, Joshua B -- Liau, Linda M -- Van Meir, Erwin G -- Fouladi, Maryam -- Nakamura, Hideo -- Cinalli, Giuseppe -- Garami, Miklos -- Hauser, Peter -- Saad, Ali G -- Iolascon, Achille -- Jung, Shin -- Carlotti, Carlos G -- Vibhakar, Rajeev -- Ra, Young Shin -- Robinson, Shenandoah -- Zollo, Massimo -- Faria, Claudia C -- Chan, Jennifer A -- Levy, Michael L -- Sorensen, Poul H B -- Meyerson, Matthew -- Pomeroy, Scott L -- Cho, Yoon-Jae -- Bader, Gary D -- Tabori, Uri -- Hawkins, Cynthia E -- Bouffet, Eric -- Scherer, Stephen W -- Rutka, James T -- Malkin, David -- Clifford, Steven C -- Jones, Steven J M -- Korbel, Jan O -- Pfister, Stefan M -- Marra, Marco A -- Taylor, Michael D -- AT1-112286/Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada -- CA116804/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA138292/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA159859/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA86335/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- K08 NS059790/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P20 CA151129/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P30 CA138292/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P30 HD018655/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- P41 GM103504/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA086335/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA109467/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA114567/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA116804/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA148621/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA155360/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA159859/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA163737/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS061070/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2012 Aug 2;488(7409):49-56. doi: 10.1038/nature11327.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22832581" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Carrier Proteins/genetics ; Cerebellar Neoplasms/*classification/*genetics/metabolism ; Child ; DNA Copy Number Variations/genetics ; Gene Duplication/genetics ; Genes, myc/genetics ; Genome, Human/*genetics ; Genomic Structural Variation/*genetics ; Genomics ; Hedgehog Proteins/metabolism ; Humans ; Medulloblastoma/*classification/*genetics/metabolism ; NF-kappa B/metabolism ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics ; Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics ; Proteins/genetics ; RNA, Long Noncoding ; Signal Transduction ; Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism ; Translocation, Genetic/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2010-07-09
    Description: Although it is known that the methylation of DNA in 5' promoters suppresses gene expression, the role of DNA methylation in gene bodies is unclear. In mammals, tissue- and cell type-specific methylation is present in a small percentage of 5' CpG island (CGI) promoters, whereas a far greater proportion occurs across gene bodies, coinciding with highly conserved sequences. Tissue-specific intragenic methylation might reduce, or, paradoxically, enhance transcription elongation efficiency. Capped analysis of gene expression (CAGE) experiments also indicate that transcription commonly initiates within and between genes. To investigate the role of intragenic methylation, we generated a map of DNA methylation from the human brain encompassing 24.7 million of the 28 million CpG sites. From the dense, high-resolution coverage of CpG islands, the majority of methylated CpG islands were shown to be in intragenic and intergenic regions, whereas less than 3% of CpG islands in 5' promoters were methylated. The CpG islands in all three locations overlapped with RNA markers of transcription initiation, and unmethylated CpG islands also overlapped significantly with trimethylation of H3K4, a histone modification enriched at promoters. The general and CpG-island-specific patterns of methylation are conserved in mouse tissues. An in-depth investigation of the human SHANK3 locus and its mouse homologue demonstrated that this tissue-specific DNA methylation regulates intragenic promoter activity in vitro and in vivo. These methylation-regulated, alternative transcripts are expressed in a tissue- and cell type-specific manner, and are expressed differentially within a single cell type from distinct brain regions. These results support a major role for intragenic methylation in regulating cell context-specific alternative promoters in gene bodies.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3998662/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3998662/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Maunakea, Alika K -- Nagarajan, Raman P -- Bilenky, Mikhail -- Ballinger, Tracy J -- D'Souza, Cletus -- Fouse, Shaun D -- Johnson, Brett E -- Hong, Chibo -- Nielsen, Cydney -- Zhao, Yongjun -- Turecki, Gustavo -- Delaney, Allen -- Varhol, Richard -- Thiessen, Nina -- Shchors, Ksenya -- Heine, Vivi M -- Rowitch, David H -- Xing, Xiaoyun -- Fiore, Chris -- Schillebeeckx, Maximiliaan -- Jones, Steven J M -- Haussler, David -- Marra, Marco A -- Hirst, Martin -- Wang, Ting -- Costello, Joseph F -- U01 ES017154/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 Jul 8;466(7303):253-7. doi: 10.1038/nature09165.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Brain Tumor Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20613842" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/anatomy & histology/cytology/*metabolism ; Carrier Proteins/genetics ; Cell Line ; Conserved Sequence/*genetics ; CpG Islands/genetics ; *DNA Methylation ; DNA, Intergenic/genetics/metabolism ; Frontal Lobe/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Histones/genetics/metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Middle Aged ; Nerve Tissue Proteins ; Organ Specificity ; Promoter Regions, Genetic/*genetics ; Transcription, Genetic/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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