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  • Organic Chemistry  (53)
  • Biomechanical Phenomena  (4)
  • 2010-2014  (4)
  • 1985-1989  (5)
  • 1960-1964  (48)
  • 1
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    A partial pelvis of Australopithecus sediba (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-09-10
    Description: The fossil record of the hominin pelvis reflects important evolutionary changes in locomotion and parturition. The partial pelves of two individuals of Australopithecus sediba were reconstructed from previously reported finds and new material. These remains share some features with australopiths, such as large biacetabular diameter, small sacral and coxal joints, and long pubic rami. The specimens also share derived features with Homo, including more vertically oriented and sigmoid-shaped iliac blades, greater robusticity of the iliac body, sinusoidal anterior iliac borders, shortened ischia, and more superiorly oriented pubic rami. These derived features appear in a species with a small adult brain size, suggesting that the birthing of larger-brained babies was not driving the evolution of the pelvis at this time.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kibii, Job M -- Churchill, Steven E -- Schmid, Peter -- Carlson, Kristian J -- Reed, Nichelle D -- de Ruiter, Darryl J -- Berger, Lee R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Sep 9;333(6048):1407-11. doi: 10.1126/science.1202521. Epub 2011 Sep 8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Human Evolution, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits 2050, South Africa.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21903805" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Brain/anatomy & histology ; Female ; *Fossils ; Hominidae/*anatomy & histology/physiology ; Humans ; Ilium/anatomy & histology ; Ischium/anatomy & histology ; Locomotion ; Male ; Parturition ; Pelvic Bones/*anatomy & histology ; Pelvis/*anatomy & histology ; Pubic Bone/anatomy & histology ; Sacrum/anatomy & histology ; South Africa
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Australopithecus sediba hand demonstrates mosaic evolution of locomotor and manipulative abilities (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-09-10
    Description: Hand bones from a single individual with a clear taxonomic affiliation are scarce in the hominin fossil record, which has hampered understanding the evolution of manipulative abilities in hominins. Here we describe and analyze a nearly complete wrist and hand of an adult female [Malapa Hominin 2 (MH2)] Australopithecus sediba from Malapa, South Africa (1.977 million years ago). The hand presents a suite of Australopithecus-like features, such as a strong flexor apparatus associated with arboreal locomotion, and Homo-like features, such as a long thumb and short fingers associated with precision gripping and possibly stone tool production. Comparisons to other fossil hominins suggest that there were at least two distinct hand morphotypes around the Plio-Pleistocene transition. The MH2 fossils suggest that Au. sediba may represent a basal condition associated with early stone tool use and production.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kivell, Tracy L -- Kibii, Job M -- Churchill, Steven E -- Schmid, Peter -- Berger, Lee R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Sep 9;333(6048):1411-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1202625. Epub 2011 Sep 8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, Leipzig 04103, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21903806" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Carpal Bones/anatomy & histology ; Female ; Finger Phalanges/anatomy & histology ; *Fossils ; Hand/*anatomy & histology/physiology ; Hand Bones/*anatomy & histology ; Hominidae/*anatomy & histology/classification/physiology ; Humans ; Locomotion ; Metacarpal Bones/anatomy & histology ; Motor Activity ; South Africa ; Thumb/anatomy & histology ; Tool Use Behavior
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    The upper limb of Australopithecus sediba (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-04-13
    Description: The evolution of the human upper limb involved a change in function from its use for both locomotion and prehension (as in apes) to a predominantly prehensile and manipulative role. Well-preserved forelimb remains of 1.98-million-year-old Australopithecus sediba from Malapa, South Africa, contribute to our understanding of this evolutionary transition. Whereas other aspects of their postcranial anatomy evince mosaic combinations of primitive (australopith-like) and derived (Homo-like) features, the upper limbs (excluding the hand and wrist) of the Malapa hominins are predominantly primitive and suggest the retention of substantial climbing and suspensory ability. The use of the forelimb primarily for prehension and manipulation appears to arise later, likely with the emergence of Homo erectus.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Churchill, Steven E -- Holliday, Trenton W -- Carlson, Kristian J -- Jashashvili, Tea -- Macias, Marisa E -- Mathews, Sandra -- Sparling, Tawnee L -- Schmid, Peter -- de Ruiter, Darryl J -- Berger, Lee R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Apr 12;340(6129):1233477. doi: 10.1126/science.1233477.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA. churchy@duke.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23580536" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arm Bones/anatomy & histology ; Biological Evolution ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Bones of Upper Extremity/*anatomy & histology/physiology ; Clavicle/anatomy & histology ; Female ; *Fossils ; Hominidae/*anatomy & histology/*physiology ; Humans ; Locomotion ; Male ; Principal Component Analysis ; Scapula/anatomy & histology ; South Africa ; Upper Extremity/*anatomy & histology/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    The vertebral column of Australopithecus sediba (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-04-13
    Description: Two partial vertebral columns of Australopithecus sediba grant insight into aspects of early hominin spinal mobility, lumbar curvature, vertebral formula, and transitional vertebra position. Au. sediba likely possessed five non-rib-bearing lumbar vertebrae and five sacral elements, the same configuration that occurs modally in modern humans. This finding contrasts with other interpretations of early hominin regional vertebral numbers. Importantly, the transitional vertebra is distinct from and above the last rib-bearing vertebra in Au. sediba, resulting in a functionally longer lower back. This configuration, along with a strongly wedged last lumbar vertebra and other indicators of lordotic posture, would have contributed to a highly flexible spine that is derived compared with earlier members of the genus Australopithecus and similar to that of the Nariokotome Homo erectus skeleton.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Williams, Scott A -- Ostrofsky, Kelly R -- Frater, Nakita -- Churchill, Steven E -- Schmid, Peter -- Berger, Lee R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Apr 12;340(6129):1232996. doi: 10.1126/science.1232996.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for the Study of Human Origins, Department of Anthropology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA. sawilliams@nyu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23580532" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Cervical Vertebrae/anatomy & histology ; *Fossils ; Hominidae/*anatomy & histology/physiology ; Humans ; Locomotion ; Lumbar Vertebrae/anatomy & histology ; Posture ; Sacrum/anatomy & histology ; South Africa ; Spine/*anatomy & histology/physiology ; Thoracic Vertebrae/anatomy & histology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Facile Hetero-Diels-Alder Reaction of α,β-Unsaturated Acyl Cyanides and Enol Ethers: Syntheses of 2-Alkoxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-Pyran-6-carbonitriles (1987)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 70 (1987), S. 600-606 
    Details
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 2-Ethoxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran-6-carbonitriles are obtained in high yield by stereospecific endo-mode cyclo-additions of α,β-unsaturated acyl cyanides and ethyl vinyl ether at room temperature. The nitrile group is converted to some other functionalities.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19870700313
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Axially Dissymmetric Bis(triaryl)phosphines in the Biphenyl series: Synthesis of (6,6′-dimethylbiphenyl-2,2′-diyl)bis(diphenylphosphine) (‘BIPHEMP’) and analogues, and their use in Rh(I)-catalyzed asymmetric isomerizations of N,N-diethylnerylamine (1988)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 71 (1988), S. 897-929 
    Details
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The axially dissymmetric diphosphines (-)-(R)- and (+)-(S)-(6-6′-dimethylbiphenyl-2,2′-diyl)bis(diphenyl-phosphine) ((-)-(R)-10 and (+)-(S)-10; ‘BIPHEMP’) have been synthesized, starting from (R)- and (S)-6,6′-dimethylbiphenyl-2,2′-diamine ((R)- and(S)-16), respectively, via Sandmeyer reaction, liathiation, and phosphinylation. Moreover, racemic 4,4′- dimethyl- and 4,4′-bis(dimethylamino)-substituted analogues 11 and 12 respectively, and the 6,6′-bridged analogues 1,11-bis(diphenylphosphino)-5,7-dihydrodibenz[c,e]oxepin (13) were synthesized and resolved into optically pure (R)- and(S)-enantiomers via complexation with di-μ-chlorob is {(R)-2-[1-(dimethylamino)ethyl]pheny-C—N}dipalladium(II) ((R)-18). The molecular structures of the diphosphines (S)-10 and (R)-13 and of two derived cationic Rh(I) complexes,[Rh((S)- 10)(nbd)]BF4 and [Rh((R)- 13)(nbd)]BF4 were determined by x-ray analyses. Absolute configurations were established for (+)-(S)- 10 by X-ray analyses of both the free diphosphine and of the derived Rh(I) complex, and for (-)-(R)- 13 by X-ray analysis of the derived Rh(I) complex. Configurational assignments for the substituted BIPHEMP analogues 11 12 were achieved by means of 1H-NMR comparisons. The BIPHEMP ligand 10 and analogues 11, 12 and 13 are the first examples of optically active bis(triaylphosphines) containing the axially dissymmetric biphenyl moiety. All these new diphosphines proved to be excellent asymmetry-inducing ligands in Rh(I)-catalyzed isomerizations of N,N-diethylnerylamine affording citronellat enamine of 98-99% ee.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19880710427
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Über ein neues Calebassen-Alkaloid: C-Alkaloid BL. 44. Mitteilung über Calebassen-Alkaloide (1960)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 43 (1960), S. 1218-1220 
    Details
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Aus Calebassen-Curare konnte ein neues Alkaloid (C-Alkaloid BL) isoliert werden, das im Papierchromatogramm (Lösungsmittel «C») zwischen C-Calebassin und C-Alkaloid H liegt. Es ist biquartär, wird von Cer(IV)-sulfat blau gefärbt. Sein UV.-Spektrum entspricht einem Oxindol- bzw. N-Acylindolin-Chromophor. Im IR.-Spektrum ist eine starke Säureamidbande vorhanden. Die Curarewirkung ist ca. 1/50 derjenigen des Toxiferins.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19600430507
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Die Struktur der Toxiferine. (Vorläufige Mitteilung). 47. Mitteilung über Calebassen-Alkaloide (1961)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 44 (1961), S. 620-624 
    Details
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Durch Ozonolysen und Analyse der NMR.-Spektren wird für die Curare-Alkaloide vom Toxiferin-Typus die Formel I gesichert.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19610440229
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Über die Struktur des Chartreusins (Vorläufige Mitteilung) (1960)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 43 (1960), S. 58-63 
    Details
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Auf Grund von Abbauversuchen ist dem Aglykon aus Chartreusin die Formel IV und dem Antibiotikum selbst die Formel I zuzuschreiben.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19600430107
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Einwirkung von Bortrichlorid auf Aryl-allyl-äther; meta-Umlagerung von Mesityl-allyl-äther (1960)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 43 (1960), S. 448-452 
    Details
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Unter geeigneten Bedingungen lagert Bortrichlorid in hoher Ausbeute p-Tolyl-allyl-äther in 2-Allyl-4-methyl-phenol, 2,6-Dimethylphenyl-allyl-äther in ein Gemisch aus 2,6-Dimethyl-3-allyl-phenol und 2,6-Dimethyl-4-allyl-phenol, und Mesityl-allyl-äther in 3-Allylmesitol um. Die Umlagerungsreaktion verläuft intramolekular über die entsprechend substituierten Cyclohexa-3,5-dien-1-one.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19600430157
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