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  • Springer  (46)
  • Springer Nature  (7)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New FIR laser lines from CHD2OH optically pumped by a cw CO2 laser (1989)
    Springer
    Applied physics 48 (1989), S. 245-248 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract This work reports 83 new optically pumped far infrared laser lines, using deuterated methyl alcohol, CHD2OH, as active medium. For each line we list the measured wavelength, its polarization relative to the pump line, the optimum gas pressure and the CO2 laser pump power at the maximum absorption.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00694353
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Über die photometrische Mikrobestimmung der Kieselsäure (1951)
    Springer
    Microchimica acta 36-37 (1951), S. 585-593 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-5073
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary A new procedure for the determination of silica with the aid of the molybdenum blue reaction is described on the basis of a study of the various kinds of molybdenum blue and the determination of its range of existence. This method is similarly suited for the determination of the soluble as well as the total silica content. It completely avoids the appearance of blue colorations in the blanks, and therefore permits the making of absolute determinations. It is no longer necessary to prepare comparison solutions at the same time. The great stability of the colorations, which are obtained with an appropriate excess of the reducing agent, makes it appear that this prodecure will be especially suited for series analyses.
    Abstract: Résumé On décrit un nouveau dosage de la silice au moyen de la réaction au bleu de molybdène, sur la base d'une investigation des différentes sortes de bleu de molybdène et de la détermination de leur domaine d'existence. Ce procédé convient aussi bien pour le dosage de la silice libre ou globale. Il évite complètement l'introduction de colorations bleues dans les essais témoins et permet par conséquent d'aborder des mesures absolues. L'emploi simultané de solutions étalons n'est plus nécessaire. La grande stabilité des teintes qui sont obtenues par un excès convenable d'agent réducteur, rend ce procédé convenable pour la mise en oeuvre des analyses en série.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Auf Grund einer Untersuchung der verschiedenen Arten von Molybdänblau und der Bestimmung ihrer Existenzbereiche wird ein neues Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Kieselsäure mit Hilfe der Molybdänblaureaktion beschrieben. Dieses Verfahren ist gleicherweise zur Bestimmung der löslichen wie der Gesamtkieselsäure geeignet. Es vermeidet vollständig das Auftreten von Blaufärbungen in den Blindproben und gestattet daher die Ausführung von Absolutmessungen. Die gleichzeitige Herstellung von Vergleichslösungen ist nicht mehr nötig. Die große Stabilität der Färbungen, die mit einem geeigneten Überschuß des Reduktionsmittels erhalten werden, läßt dieses Verfahren besonders zur Ausführung von Reihenanalysen geeignet erscheinen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01460857
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    X-ray flat diffractor optics I (2000)
    Springer
    Czechoslovak journal of physics 50 (2000), S. 841-849 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9486
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Precise knowledge of the incident and diffracted X-ray beams related to flat crystal diffractors is important for X-ray diffraction optics and for high resolution experiments. In the paper, three-dimensional reciprocal space concept has been applied to study general case of the flat diffractor. The incident and diffracted beams have been determined for the middle of the range of total reflection for both the standard asymmetrical and the inclined asymmetrical diffractor. For an asymmetric diffractor rotating about its reciprocal lattice vector unexpectedly large out-of-plane-of-diffraction components of the beams have been obtained. The largest ones have been found not for the angle of rotation ω = 90° corresponding to a symmetrical inclined diffractor but for the angle close to the grazing incidence case.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1021478414206
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A heuristic approach to automatic grasp planning for a 3-fingered hand (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of intelligent and robotic systems 13 (1995), S. 45-74 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0409
    Keywords: Grasp modelling ; grasp planning ; functional reasoning ; heuristic reasoning ; articulated hand ; implicit programming ; task planning
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract This paper presents the core of a software system able to determine a good grasp configuration on 3D objects for a three-fingered hand. The grasp planning problem has been studied considering both the constraints due to the stability and accessibility conditions, and the ones related to functionality. Physical, geometrical, spatial and task-related knowledge for solving the grasp planning problem have been properly modelled to support a heuristic-based reasoning process. A series of heuristic rules and geometric tests are used to scan the solution space, searching for a ‘good’ grasp. In fact, when considering the three-dimensional case, a purely analytical and exhaustive approach appears too complex because of the dimension of the search space. This approach results in an incremental and modular model of grasp reasoning, that has been implemented using the Flex expert system shell. This work has been developed and demonstrated within the Esprit 2 project CIM-PLATO No. 2202.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01664755
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    X-ray double-crystal rocking curves in GaAlAs/GaAs heterostructures (1991)
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 13 (1991), S. 1-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Specific structures of elements and alloys
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary X-ray double-crystal rocking curves of Ga1−x Al x As/GaAs heterostructures have been calculated using a dynamical diffraction model for the general case of Bragg reflection geometry. Different experimental configurations have been considered and the possibility of studying both slightly mismatched and relatively thin layers has been investigated. Experimental rocking curves have been measured using the CuKα 1 radiation, the 004 symmetric reflection and a perfect crystal as the monochromator. An excellent agreement between calculated and experimental rocking curves has been found and this demonstrates the reliability of both the experimental procedure and the theoretical approach.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02451270
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Review of conductor development for use in high-temperature superconducting cables (1994)
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 16 (1994), S. 2067-2072 
    Details
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Superconducting magnets and magnetic levitation devices ; superconducting cables and conductors ; Conference proceedings
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary This paper reviews and assesses the progress in conductor development across the world in advancing high-temperature superconducting science and technology towards the fabrication of superconducting transmission cables operating at 77 K. Materials, fabrication routes and the feasibility of high-temperature superconducting cables will be discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02471868
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    X-Ray double crystal rocking curves of Ga1−x Al x As/GaAs laser structures (1992)
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 14 (1992), S. 129-139 
    Details
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: X-ray determination of structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary The double crystal X-ray rocking curves of Ga1−x Al x As/GaAs laser structures, with both a single and double confinement, have been calculated on the basis of the Takagi-Taupin dynamica theory. It has been demonstrated that very small changes in the thickness and composition of the active and the internal confining layers give rise to dramatic modifications of the rocking curves; this offers in principle a very powerful tool for measuring very precisely thickness and composition of these layers. However, the shape of the Bragg peak of the external confining layers exhibits a nearly period behaviour as a function of the thickness of the active or the internal confining layer; a simple relation between the thickness period and the composition difference of the considered layers has been obtained for the first time. Finally, the effect of the interchange of the confining layers on the rocking curves has been discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02457348
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simultaneous dielectric spectroscopy and calorimetry of the dynamics during a macromolecules growth (1996)
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 18 (1996), S. 1443-1448 
    Details
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Glass transitions ; Calorimetry ; Dielectric loss and relaxation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary A method and an instrument has been developed for measuring almost simultaneously and continuously in time three different quantities: i) the heat evolved during the course of exothermic reactions, ii) the heat capacity and iii) the dielectric spectra of a liquid or solid sample. By using this instrument, we have studied the decrease in the d.c. conductivity and the increase in the relaxation time as molecules in an isothermally kept liquid chemically react to produce, irreversibly, a macromolecular structure until the liquid vitrifies and becomes rigid. The number of covalent bonds formed in the structure,n, has been calculated and the dielectric relaxation time, τ, is related ton. This τ increases progressively more rapidly withn, and decreases, of course, on increasing the temperature. A compensation between these two effects determines the dynamic behaviour observed during rate heating. The effect of temperature is found to predominate. Such observations have been made possible by means of the new instrument.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02453785
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A calorimeter for the electrolytic cell and other open systems (1996)
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 18 (1996), S. 1333-1346 
    Details
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Energy-conversion spectro-analytical methods (e.g., photoacoustic, photothermal, and optogalvanic spectroscopic methods) ; Calorimetry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary We present here a calorimetric method and the construction details of a differential calorimeter useful for studying the reactions in an electrolytic cell and more generally slow chemico-physical processes occurring in thermodynamically open systems. The method allows measurements of the heat balance of the cell, from which the enthalpy change of the process under investigation can be calculated. The theoretical description of the calorimetric cell and the results of several studies planned to describe the performances of the instrument up to the boiling point of the electrolytic solution are reported. The features of this calorimeter fulfil most of the requirements of ≪col fusion≫ experiments, where the heat production is the fundamental and controversial aspect. By controlling both the heat and the matter exchanged, the calorimeter can be utilised also to study bioenergetic processes,e.g. fermentation, microbial metabolism and biodegradation, and liquid phase chemical reactions, involving gases as reactants and/or products.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02453267
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Leu-7-positive cells with monocyte phenotype show different ultrastructural features in comparison to Leu-7-positive cells with T-cell phenotype (1985)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 82 (1985), S. 525-527 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructural features of the Leu-7-positive — Leu-M3-positive cell subpopulation and the Leu-7-positive — Leu-4-positive cell subpopulation were characterized and compared using immunogold-immunoperoxidase double labelling with immunoelectron microscopy. The majority of Leu-7-positive cells coexpressed a monocyte phenotype and showed an ultrastructural pattern specific for functional natural killer (NK) cells, i.e. a low nuclear/cytoplasmic (N/C) ratio, an irregular outline, many cytoplasmic organelles and electron-dense granules. In contrast, only a minority of Leu-7-positive cells coexpressed a T phenotype, and these were characterized by a high N/C ratio, an even surface and the absence of electron-dense granules. Thus, Leu-7-positive — Leu-4-positive cells may by an immature form of NK cells, and Leu-7-positive—Leu-4-positive and Leu-7-positive — Leu-M3-positive cell subpopulations may represent different stages of Leu-7-positive cell differentiation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00489973
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