ALBERT

Description: Novae are thermonuclear explosions on a white dwarf surface fueled by mass accreted from a companion star. Current physical models posit that shocked expanding gas from the nova shell can produce x-ray emission, but emission at higher energies has not been widely expected. Here, we report the Fermi Large Area Telescope detection of variable gamma-ray emission (0.1 to 10 billion electron volts) from the recently detected optical nova of the symbiotic star V407 Cygni. We propose that the material of the nova shell interacts with the dense ambient medium of the red giant primary and that particles can be accelerated effectively to produce pi(0) decay gamma-rays from proton-proton interactions. Emission involving inverse Compton scattering of the red giant radiation is also considered and is not ruled out.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fermi-LAT Collaboration -- Abdo, A A -- Ackermann, M -- Ajello, M -- Atwood, W B -- Baldini, L -- Ballet, J -- Barbiellini, G -- Bastieri, D -- Bechtol, K -- Bellazzini, R -- Berenji, B -- Blandford, R D -- Bloom, E D -- Bonamente, E -- Borgland, A W -- Bouvier, A -- Brandt, T J -- Bregeon, J -- Brez, A -- Brigida, M -- Bruel, P -- Buehler, R -- Burnett, T H -- Buson, S -- Caliandro, G A -- Cameron, R A -- Caraveo, P A -- Carrigan, S -- Casandjian, J M -- Cecchi, C -- Celik, O -- Charles, E -- Chaty, S -- Chekhtman, A -- Cheung, C C -- Chiang, J -- Ciprini, S -- Claus, R -- Cohen-Tanugi, J -- Conrad, J -- Corbel, S -- Corbet, R -- DeCesar, M E -- den Hartog, P R -- Dermer, C D -- de Palma, F -- Digel, S W -- Donato, D -- do Couto e Silva, E -- Drell, P S -- Dubois, R -- Dubus, G -- Dumora, D -- Favuzzi, C -- Fegan, S J -- Ferrara, E C -- Fortin, P -- Frailis, M -- Fuhrmann, L -- Fukazawa, Y -- Funk, S -- Fusco, P -- Gargano, F -- Gasparrini, D -- Gehrels, N -- Germani, S -- Giglietto, N -- Giordano, F -- Giroletti, M -- Glanzman, T -- Godfrey, G -- Grenier, I A -- Grondin, M-H -- Grove, J E -- Guiriec, S -- Hadasch, D -- Harding, A K -- Hayashida, M -- Hays, E -- Healey, S E -- Hill, A B -- Horan, D -- Hughes, R E -- Itoh, R -- Jean, P -- Johannesson, G -- Johnson, A S -- Johnson, R P -- Johnson, T J -- Johnson, W N -- Kamae, T -- Katagiri, H -- Kataoka, J -- Kerr, M -- Knodlseder, J -- Koerding, E -- Kuss, M -- Lande, J -- Latronico, L -- Lee, S-H -- Lemoine-Goumard, M -- Garde, M Llena -- Longo, F -- Loparco, F -- Lott, B -- Lovellette, M N -- Lubrano, P -- Makeev, A -- Mazziotta, M N -- McConville, W -- McEnery, J E -- Mehault, J -- Michelson, P F -- Mizuno, T -- Moiseev, A A -- Monte, C -- Monzani, M E -- Morselli, A -- Moskalenko, I V -- Murgia, S -- Nakamori, T -- Naumann-Godo, M -- Nestoras, I -- Nolan, P L -- Norris, J P -- Nuss, E -- Ohno, M -- Ohsugi, T -- Okumura, A -- Omodei, N -- Orlando, E -- Ormes, J F -- Ozaki, M -- Paneque, D -- Panetta, J H -- Parent, D -- Pelassa, V -- Pepe, M -- Pesce-Rollins, M -- Piron, F -- Porter, T A -- Raino, S -- Rando, R -- Ray, P S -- Razzano, M -- Razzaque, S -- Rea, N -- Reimer, A -- Reimer, O -- Reposeur, T -- Ripken, J -- Ritz, S -- Romani, R W -- Roth, M -- Sadrozinski, H F-W -- Sander, A -- Parkinson, P M Saz -- Scargle, J D -- Schinzel, F K -- Sgro, C -- Shaw, M S -- Siskind, E J -- Smith, D A -- Smith, P D -- Sokolovsky, K V -- Spandre, G -- Spinelli, P -- Stawarz, L -- Strickman, M S -- Suson, D J -- Takahashi, H -- Takahashi, T -- Tanaka, T -- Tanaka, Y -- Thayer, J B -- Thayer, J G -- Thompson, D J -- Tibaldo, L -- Torres, D F -- Tosti, G -- Tramacere, A -- Uchiyama, Y -- Usher, T L -- Vandenbroucke, J -- Vasileiou, V -- Vilchez, N -- Vitale, V -- Waite, A P -- Wallace, E -- Wang, P -- Winer, B L -- Wolff, M T -- Wood, K S -- Yang, Z -- Ylinen, T -- Ziegler, M -- Maehara, H -- Nishiyama, K -- Kabashima, F -- Bach, U -- Bower, G C -- Falcone, A -- Forster, J R -- Henden, A -- Kawabata, K S -- Koubsky, P -- Mukai, K -- Nelson, T -- Oates, S R -- Sakimoto, K -- Sasada, M -- Shenavrin, V I -- Shore, S N -- Skinner, G K -- Sokoloski, J -- Stroh, M -- Tatarnikov, A M -- Uemura, M -- Wahlgren, G M -- Yamanaka, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Aug 13;329(5993):817-21. doi: 10.1126/science.1192537.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Space Science Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20705855" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: A young and energetic pulsar powers the well-known Crab Nebula. Here, we describe two separate gamma-ray (photon energy greater than 100 mega-electron volts) flares from this source detected by the Large Area Telescope on board the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope. The first flare occurred in February 2009 and lasted approximately 16 days. The second flare was detected in September 2010 and lasted approximately 4 days. During these outbursts, the gamma-ray flux from the nebula increased by factors of four and six, respectively. The brevity of the flares implies that the gamma rays were emitted via synchrotron radiation from peta-electron-volt (10(15) electron volts) electrons in a region smaller than 1.4 x 10(-2) parsecs. These are the highest-energy particles that can be associated with a discrete astronomical source, and they pose challenges to particle acceleration theory.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Abdo, A A -- Ackermann, M -- Ajello, M -- Allafort, A -- Baldini, L -- Ballet, J -- Barbiellini, G -- Bastieri, D -- Bechtol, K -- Bellazzini, R -- Berenji, B -- Blandford, R D -- Bloom, E D -- Bonamente, E -- Borgland, A W -- Bouvier, A -- Brandt, T J -- Bregeon, J -- Brez, A -- Brigida, M -- Bruel, P -- Buehler, R -- Buson, S -- Caliandro, G A -- Cameron, R A -- Cannon, A -- Caraveo, P A -- Casandjian, J M -- Celik, O -- Charles, E -- Chekhtman, A -- Cheung, C C -- Chiang, J -- Ciprini, S -- Claus, R -- Cohen-Tanugi, J -- Costamante, L -- Cutini, S -- D'Ammando, F -- Dermer, C D -- de Angelis, A -- de Luca, A -- de Palma, F -- Digel, S W -- do Couto e Silva, E -- Drell, P S -- Drlica-Wagner, A -- Dubois, R -- Dumora, D -- Favuzzi, C -- Fegan, S J -- Ferrara, E C -- Focke, W B -- Fortin, P -- Frailis, M -- Fukazawa, Y -- Funk, S -- Fusco, P -- Gargano, F -- Gasparrini, D -- Gehrels, N -- Germani, S -- Giglietto, N -- Giordano, F -- Giroletti, M -- Glanzman, T -- Godfrey, G -- Grenier, I A -- Grondin, M-H -- Grove, J E -- Guiriec, S -- Hadasch, D -- Hanabata, Y -- Harding, A K -- Hayashi, K -- Hayashida, M -- Hays, E -- Horan, D -- Itoh, R -- Johannesson, G -- Johnson, A S -- Johnson, T J -- Khangulyan, D -- Kamae, T -- Katagiri, H -- Kataoka, J -- Kerr, M -- Knodlseder, J -- Kuss, M -- Lande, J -- Latronico, L -- Lee, S-H -- Lemoine-Goumard, M -- Longo, F -- Loparco, F -- Lubrano, P -- Madejski, G M -- Makeev, A -- Marelli, M -- Mazziotta, M N -- McEnery, J E -- Michelson, P F -- Mitthumsiri, W -- Mizuno, T -- Moiseev, A A -- Monte, C -- Monzani, M E -- Morselli, A -- Moskalenko, I V -- Murgia, S -- Nakamori, T -- Naumann-Godo, M -- Nolan, P L -- Norris, J P -- Nuss, E -- Ohsugi, T -- Okumura, A -- Omodei, N -- Ormes, J F -- Ozaki, M -- Paneque, D -- Parent, D -- Pelassa, V -- Pepe, M -- Pesce-Rollins, M -- Pierbattista, M -- Piron, F -- Porter, T A -- Raino, S -- Rando, R -- Ray, P S -- Razzano, M -- Reimer, A -- Reimer, O -- Reposeur, T -- Ritz, S -- Romani, R W -- Sadrozinski, H F-W -- Sanchez, D -- Saz Parkinson, P M -- Scargle, J D -- Schalk, T L -- Sgro, C -- Siskind, E J -- Smith, P D -- Spandre, G -- Spinelli, P -- Strickman, M S -- Suson, D J -- Takahashi, H -- Takahashi, T -- Tanaka, T -- Thayer, J B -- Thompson, D J -- Tibaldo, L -- Torres, D F -- Tosti, G -- Tramacere, A -- Troja, E -- Uchiyama, Y -- Vandenbroucke, J -- Vasileiou, V -- Vianello, G -- Vitale, V -- Wang, P -- Wood, K S -- Yang, Z -- Ziegler, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Feb 11;331(6018):739-42. doi: 10.1126/science.1199705. Epub 2011 Jan 6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Research Council Research Associate, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC 20001, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21212321" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: The Pluto system was recently explored by NASA's New Horizons spacecraft, making closest approach on 14 July 2015. Pluto's surface displays diverse landforms, terrain ages, albedos, colors, and composition gradients. Evidence is found for a water-ice crust, geologically young surface units, surface ice convection, wind streaks, volatile transport, and glacial flow. Pluto's atmosphere is highly extended, with trace hydrocarbons, a global haze layer, and a surface pressure near 10 microbars. Pluto's diverse surface geology and long-term activity raise fundamental questions about how small planets remain active many billions of years after formation. Pluto's large moon Charon displays tectonics and evidence for a heterogeneous crustal composition; its north pole displays puzzling dark terrain. Small satellites Hydra and Nix have higher albedos than expected.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stern, S A -- Bagenal, F -- Ennico, K -- Gladstone, G R -- Grundy, W M -- McKinnon, W B -- Moore, J M -- Olkin, C B -- Spencer, J R -- Weaver, H A -- Young, L A -- Andert, T -- Andrews, J -- Banks, M -- Bauer, B -- Bauman, J -- Barnouin, O S -- Bedini, P -- Beisser, K -- Beyer, R A -- Bhaskaran, S -- Binzel, R P -- Birath, E -- Bird, M -- Bogan, D J -- Bowman, A -- Bray, V J -- Brozovic, M -- Bryan, C -- Buckley, M R -- Buie, M W -- Buratti, B J -- Bushman, S S -- Calloway, A -- Carcich, B -- Cheng, A F -- Conard, S -- Conrad, C A -- Cook, J C -- Cruikshank, D P -- Custodio, O S -- Dalle Ore, C M -- Deboy, C -- Dischner, Z J B -- Dumont, P -- Earle, A M -- Elliott, H A -- Ercol, J -- Ernst, C M -- Finley, T -- Flanigan, S H -- Fountain, G -- Freeze, M J -- Greathouse, T -- Green, J L -- Guo, Y -- Hahn, M -- Hamilton, D P -- Hamilton, S A -- Hanley, J -- Harch, A -- Hart, H M -- Hersman, C B -- Hill, A -- Hill, M E -- Hinson, D P -- Holdridge, M E -- Horanyi, M -- Howard, A D -- Howett, C J A -- Jackman, C -- Jacobson, R A -- Jennings, D E -- Kammer, J A -- Kang, H K -- Kaufmann, D E -- Kollmann, P -- Krimigis, S M -- Kusnierkiewicz, D -- Lauer, T R -- Lee, J E -- Lindstrom, K L -- Linscott, I R -- Lisse, C M -- Lunsford, A W -- Mallder, V A -- Martin, N -- McComas, D J -- McNutt, R L Jr -- Mehoke, D -- Mehoke, T -- Melin, E D -- Mutchler, M -- Nelson, D -- Nimmo, F -- Nunez, J I -- Ocampo, A -- Owen, W M -- Paetzold, M -- Page, B -- Parker, A H -- Parker, J W -- Pelletier, F -- Peterson, J -- Pinkine, N -- Piquette, M -- Porter, S B -- Protopapa, S -- Redfern, J -- Reitsema, H J -- Reuter, D C -- Roberts, J H -- Robbins, S J -- Rogers, G -- Rose, D -- Runyon, K -- Retherford, K D -- Ryschkewitsch, M G -- Schenk, P -- Schindhelm, E -- Sepan, B -- Showalter, M R -- Singer, K N -- Soluri, M -- Stanbridge, D -- Steffl, A J -- Strobel, D F -- Stryk, T -- Summers, M E -- Szalay, J R -- Tapley, M -- Taylor, A -- Taylor, H -- Throop, H B -- Tsang, C C C -- Tyler, G L -- Umurhan, O M -- Verbiscer, A J -- Versteeg, M H -- Vincent, M -- Webbert, R -- Weidner, S -- Weigle, G E 2nd -- White, O L -- Whittenburg, K -- Williams, B G -- Williams, K -- Williams, S -- Woods, W W -- Zangari, A M -- Zirnstein, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Oct 16;350(6258):aad1815. doi: 10.1126/science.aad1815.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO 80302, USA. astern@boulder.swri.edu. ; Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80303, USA. ; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Ames Research Center, Space Science Division, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA. ; Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 28510, USA. ; Lowell Observatory, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA. ; Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA. ; Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO 80302, USA. ; Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA. ; Universitat der Bundeswehr Munchen, Neubiberg 85577, Germany. ; Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA. ; KinetX Aerospace, Tempe, AZ 85284, USA. ; NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, La Canada Flintridge, CA 91011, USA. ; Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. ; University of Bonn, Bonn D-53113, Germany. ; NASA Headquarters (retired), Washington, DC 20546, USA. ; University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA. ; Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA. ; NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC 20546, USA. ; Rheinisches Institut fur Umweltforschung an der Universitat zu Koln, Cologne 50931, Germany. ; Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA. ; Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA. ; Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA. ; NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA. ; National Optical Astronomy Observatory, Tucson, AZ 26732, USA. ; NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL 35812, USA. ; Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. ; Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA. ; University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA. ; Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston, TX 77058, USA. ; Michael Soluri Photography, New York, NY 10014, USA. ; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA. ; Roane State Community College, Jamestown, TN 38556, USA. ; George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA. ; Department of Astronomy, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26472913" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: Supermassive black holes with masses of millions to billions of solar masses are commonly found in the centers of galaxies. Astronomers seek to image jet formation using radio interferometry but still suffer from insufficient angular resolution. An alternative method to resolve small structures is to measure the time variability of their emission. Here we report on gamma-ray observations of the radio galaxy IC 310 obtained with the MAGIC (Major Atmospheric Gamma-ray Imaging Cherenkov) telescopes, revealing variability with doubling time scales faster than 4.8 min. Causality constrains the size of the emission region to be smaller than 20% of the gravitational radius of its central black hole. We suggest that the emission is associated with pulsar-like particle acceleration by the electric field across a magnetospheric gap at the base of the radio jet.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Aleksic, J -- Ansoldi, S -- Antonelli, L A -- Antoranz, P -- Babic, A -- Bangale, P -- Barrio, J A -- Becerra Gonzalez, J -- Bednarek, W -- Bernardini, E -- Biasuzzi, B -- Biland, A -- Blanch, O -- Bonnefoy, S -- Bonnoli, G -- Borracci, F -- Bretz, T -- Carmona, E -- Carosi, A -- Colin, P -- Colombo, E -- Contreras, J L -- Cortina, J -- Covino, S -- Da Vela, P -- Dazzi, F -- De Angelis, A -- De Caneva, G -- De Lotto, B -- de Ona Wilhelmi, E -- Delgado Mendez, C -- Dominis Prester, D -- Dorner, D -- Doro, M -- Einecke, S -- Eisenacher, D -- Elsaesser, D -- Fonseca, M V -- Font, L -- Frantzen, K -- Fruck, C -- Galindo, D -- Garcia Lopez, R J -- Garczarczyk, M -- Garrido Terrats, D -- Gaug, M -- Godinovic, N -- Gonzalez Munoz, A -- Gozzini, S R -- Hadasch, D -- Hanabata, Y -- Hayashida, M -- Herrera, J -- Hildebrand, D -- Hose, J -- Hrupec, D -- Idec, W -- Kadenius, V -- Kellermann, H -- Kodani, K -- Konno, Y -- Krause, J -- Kubo, H -- Kushida, J -- La Barbera, A -- Lelas, D -- Lewandowska, N -- Lindfors, E -- Lombardi, S -- Longo, F -- Lopez, M -- Lopez-Coto, R -- Lopez-Oramas, A -- Lorenz, E -- Lozano, I -- Makariev, M -- Mallot, K -- Maneva, G -- Mankuzhiyil, N -- Mannheim, K -- Maraschi, L -- Marcote, B -- Mariotti, M -- Martinez, M -- Mazin, D -- Menzel, U -- Miranda, J M -- Mirzoyan, R -- Moralejo, A -- Munar-Adrover, P -- Nakajima, D -- Niedzwiecki, A -- Nilsson, K -- Nishijima, K -- Noda, K -- Orito, R -- Overkemping, A -- Paiano, S -- Palatiello, M -- Paneque, D -- Paoletti, R -- Paredes, J M -- Paredes-Fortuny, X -- Persic, M -- Poutanen, J -- Prada Moroni, P G -- Prandini, E -- Puljak, I -- Reinthal, R -- Rhode, W -- Ribo, M -- Rico, J -- Rodriguez Garcia, J -- Rugamer, S -- Saito, T -- Saito, K -- Satalecka, K -- Scalzotto, V -- Scapin, V -- Schultz, C -- Schweizer, T -- Shore, S N -- Sillanpaa, A -- Sitarek, J -- Snidaric, I -- Sobczynska, D -- Spanier, F -- Stamatescu, V -- Stamerra, A -- Steinbring, T -- Storz, J -- Strzys, M -- Takalo, L -- Takami, H -- Tavecchio, F -- Temnikov, P -- Terzic, T -- Tescaro, D -- Teshima, M -- Thaele, J -- Tibolla, O -- Torres, D F -- Toyama, T -- Treves, A -- Uellenbeck, M -- Vogler, P -- Zanin, R -- Kadler, M -- Schulz, R -- Ros, E -- Bach, U -- Krauss, F -- Wilms, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Nov 28;346(6213):1080-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1256183. Epub 2014 Nov 6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut de Fisica d'Altes Energies, Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain. ; Universita di Udine and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) Trieste, I-33100 Udine, Italy, and Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF)-Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. ; INAF National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy. ; Universita di Siena and INFN Pisa, I-53100 Siena, Italy. ; Croatian MAGIC Consortium, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, University of Rijeka and University of Split, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia. ; Max-Planck-Institut fur Physik, D-80805 Munchen, Germany. ; Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. ; Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias, E-38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain. Present address: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA, and Department of Physics and Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA. ; University of Lodz', PL-90236 Lodz, Poland. ; Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany. ; ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. ; Universitat Wurzburg, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. Present address: Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland. ; Centro de Investigaciones Energeticas, Medioambientales y Tecnologicas, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. ; Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias, E-38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain. ; Institute of Space Sciences, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. ; Universitat Wurzburg, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. ; Universita di Padova and INFN, I-35131 Padova, Italy. ; Technische Universitat Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany. ; Universitat Wurzburg, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. deisenacher@astro.uni-wuerzburg.de jsitarek@ifae.es mannheim@astro.uni-wuerzburg.de. ; Unitat de Fisica de les Radiacions, Departament de Fisica, and Centro de Estudios e Investigacion Espaciales-Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain. ; Universitat de Barcelona, Institut de Ciencies del Cosmos, Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya-Universitat de Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. ; Institute of Space Sciences, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. Present address: Institut fur Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universitat Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. ; Japanese MAGIC Consortium, Division of Physics and Astronomy, Kyoto University, Japan. ; Finnish MAGIC Consortium, Tuorla Observatory, University of Turku and Department of Physics, University of Oulu, Finland. ; Finnish MAGIC Consortium, Tuorla Observatory, University of Turku and Department of Physics, University of Oulu, Finland. Present address: Finnish Centre for Astronomy with ESO (FINCA), Turku, Finland. ; Deceased. ; Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy, BG-1784 Sofia, Bulgaria. ; Universita di Udine and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) Trieste, I-33100 Udine, Italy, and Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF)-Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Present address: Astrophysics Science Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India. ; Universita di Pisa and INFN Pisa, I-56126 Pisa, Italy. ; Institut de Fisica d'Altes Energies, Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain. deisenacher@astro.uni-wuerzburg.de jsitarek@ifae.es mannheim@astro.uni-wuerzburg.de. ; Institut de Fisica d'Altes Energies, Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain. Present address: School of Chemistry and Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia. ; Max-Planck-Institut fur Physik, D-80805 Munchen, Germany. Japanese MAGIC Consortium, Division of Physics and Astronomy, Kyoto University, Japan. ; ICREA and Institute of Space Sciences, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. ; Universita dell'Insubria and INFN Milano Bicocca, Como, I-22100 Como, Italy. ; Universitat Wurzburg, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. Dr. Remeis-Sternwarte Bamberg, Astronomisches Institut der Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg, ECAP, D-96049 Bamberg, Germany. ; Max-Planck-Institut fur Radioastronomie, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. Observatori Astronomic, Universitat de Valencia, E-46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain. Departament d'Astronomia i Astrofisica, Universitat de Valencia, E-46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain. ; Max-Planck-Institut fur Radioastronomie, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. ; Dr. Remeis-Sternwarte Bamberg, Astronomisches Institut der Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg, ECAP, D-96049 Bamberg, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25378461" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: Recent observations of supernova remnants (SNRs) hint that they accelerate cosmic rays to energies close to ~10(15) electron volts. However, the nature of the particles that produce the emission remains ambiguous. We report observations of SNR W44 with the Fermi Large Area Telescope at energies between 2 x 10(8) electron volts and 3 x10(11) electron volts. The detection of a source with a morphology corresponding to the SNR shell implies that the emission is produced by particles accelerated there. The gamma-ray spectrum is well modeled with emission from protons and nuclei. Its steepening above approximately 10(9) electron volts provides a probe with which to study how particle acceleration responds to environmental effects such as shock propagation in dense clouds and how accelerated particles are released into interstellar space.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Abdo, A A -- Ackermann, M -- Ajello, M -- Baldini, L -- Ballet, J -- Barbiellini, G -- Baring, M G -- Bastieri, D -- Baughman, B M -- Bechtol, K -- Bellazzini, R -- Berenji, B -- Blandford, R D -- Bloom, E D -- Bonamente, E -- Borgland, A W -- Bregeon, J -- Brez, A -- Brigida, M -- Bruel, P -- Burnett, T H -- Buson, S -- Caliandro, G A -- Cameron, R A -- Caraveo, P A -- Casandjian, J M -- Cecchi, C -- Celik, O -- Chekhtman, A -- Cheung, C C -- Chiang, J -- Ciprini, S -- Claus, R -- Cognard, I -- Cohen-Tanugi, J -- Cominsky, L R -- Conrad, J -- Cutini, S -- Dermer, C D -- de Angelis, A -- de Palma, F -- Digel, S W -- do Couto e Silva, E -- Drell, P S -- Dubois, R -- Dumora, D -- Espinoza, C -- Farnier, C -- Favuzzi, C -- Fegan, S J -- Focke, W B -- Fortin, P -- Frailis, M -- Fukazawa, Y -- Funk, S -- Fusco, P -- Gargano, F -- Gasparrini, D -- Gehrels, N -- Germani, S -- Giavitto, G -- Giebels, B -- Giglietto, N -- Giordano, F -- Glanzman, T -- Godfrey, G -- Grenier, I A -- Grondin, M-H -- Grove, J E -- Guillemot, L -- Guiriec, S -- Hanabata, Y -- Harding, A K -- Hayashida, M -- Hays, E -- Hughes, R E -- Jackson, M S -- Johannesson, G -- Johnson, A S -- Johnson, T J -- Johnson, W N -- Kamae, T -- Katagiri, H -- Kataoka, J -- Katsuta, J -- Kawai, N -- Kerr, M -- Knodlseder, J -- Kocian, M L -- Kramer, M -- Kuss, M -- Lande, J -- Latronico, L -- Lemoine-Goumard, M -- Longo, F -- Loparco, F -- Lott, B -- Lovellette, M N -- Lubrano, P -- Lyne, A G -- Madejski, G M -- Makeev, A -- Mazziotta, M N -- McEnery, J E -- Meurer, C -- Michelson, P F -- Mitthumsiri, W -- Mizuno, T -- Monte, C -- Monzani, M E -- Morselli, A -- Moskalenko, I V -- Murgia, S -- Nakamori, T -- Nolan, P L -- Norris, J P -- Noutsos, A -- Nuss, E -- Ohsugi, T -- Omodei, N -- Orlando, E -- Ormes, J F -- Paneque, D -- Parent, D -- Pelassa, V -- Pepe, M -- Pesce-Rollins, M -- Piron, F -- Porter, T A -- Raino, S -- Rando, R -- Razzano, M -- Reimer, A -- Reimer, O -- Reposeur, T -- Rochester, L S -- Rodriguez, A Y -- Romani, R W -- Roth, M -- Ryde, F -- Sadrozinski, H F-W -- Sanchez, D -- Sander, A -- Saz Parkinson, P M -- Scargle, J D -- Sgro, C -- Siskind, E J -- Smith, D A -- Smith, P D -- Spandre, G -- Spinelli, P -- Stappers, B W -- Stecker, F W -- Strickman, M S -- Suson, D J -- Tajima, H -- Takahashi, H -- Takahashi, T -- Tanaka, T -- Thayer, J B -- Thayer, J G -- Theureau, G -- Thompson, D J -- Tibaldo, L -- Tibolla, O -- Torres, D F -- Tosti, G -- Tramacere, A -- Uchiyama, Y -- Usher, T L -- Vasileiou, V -- Venter, C -- Vilchez, N -- Vitale, V -- Waite, A P -- Wang, P -- Winer, B L -- Wood, K S -- Yamazaki, R -- Ylinen, T -- Ziegler, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Feb 26;327(5969):1103-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1182787. Epub 2010 Jan 7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Space Science Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20056857" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: Estimates of extinction risk for Amazonian plant and animal species are rare and not often incorporated into land-use policy and conservation planning. We overlay spatial distribution models with historical and projected deforestation to show that at least 36% and up to 57% of all Amazonian tree species are likely to qualify as globally threatened under International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List criteria. If confirmed, these results would increase the number of threatened plant species on Earth by 22%. We show that the trends observed in Amazonia apply to trees throughout the tropics, and we predict that most of the world’s 〉40,000 tropical tree species now qualify as globally threatened. A gap analysis suggests that existing Amazonian protected areas and indigenous territories will protect viable populations of most threatened species if these areas suffer no further degradation, highlighting the key roles that protected areas, indigenous peoples, and improved governance can play in preventing large-scale extinctions in the tropics in this century.

Description: The Kepler mission was designed to determine the frequency of Earth-sized planets in and near the habitable zone of Sun-like stars. The habitable zone is the region where planetary temperatures are suitable for water to exist on a planet's surface. During the first 6 weeks of observations, Kepler monitored 156,000 stars, and five new exoplanets with sizes between 0.37 and 1.6 Jupiter radii and orbital periods from 3.2 to 4.9 days were discovered. The density of the Neptune-sized Kepler-4b is similar to that of Neptune and GJ 436b, even though the irradiation level is 800,000 times higher. Kepler-7b is one of the lowest-density planets (approximately 0.17 gram per cubic centimeter) yet detected. Kepler-5b, -6b, and -8b confirm the existence of planets with densities lower than those predicted for gas giant planets.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Borucki, William J -- Koch, David -- Basri, Gibor -- Batalha, Natalie -- Brown, Timothy -- Caldwell, Douglas -- Caldwell, John -- Christensen-Dalsgaard, Jorgen -- Cochran, William D -- DeVore, Edna -- Dunham, Edward W -- Dupree, Andrea K -- Gautier, Thomas N 3rd -- Geary, John C -- Gilliland, Ronald -- Gould, Alan -- Howell, Steve B -- Jenkins, Jon M -- Kondo, Yoji -- Latham, David W -- Marcy, Geoffrey W -- Meibom, Soren -- Kjeldsen, Hans -- Lissauer, Jack J -- Monet, David G -- Morrison, David -- Sasselov, Dimitar -- Tarter, Jill -- Boss, Alan -- Brownlee, Don -- Owen, Toby -- Buzasi, Derek -- Charbonneau, David -- Doyle, Laurance -- Fortney, Jonathan -- Ford, Eric B -- Holman, Matthew J -- Seager, Sara -- Steffen, Jason H -- Welsh, William F -- Rowe, Jason -- Anderson, Howard -- Buchhave, Lars -- Ciardi, David -- Walkowicz, Lucianne -- Sherry, William -- Horch, Elliott -- Isaacson, Howard -- Everett, Mark E -- Fischer, Debra -- Torres, Guillermo -- Johnson, John Asher -- Endl, Michael -- MacQueen, Phillip -- Bryson, Stephen T -- Dotson, Jessie -- Haas, Michael -- Kolodziejczak, Jeffrey -- Van Cleve, Jeffrey -- Chandrasekaran, Hema -- Twicken, Joseph D -- Quintana, Elisa V -- Clarke, Bruce D -- Allen, Christopher -- Li, Jie -- Wu, Haley -- Tenenbaum, Peter -- Verner, Ekaterina -- Bruhweiler, Frederick -- Barnes, Jason -- Prsa, Andrej -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Feb 19;327(5968):977-80. doi: 10.1126/science.1185402. Epub 2010 Jan 7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA. William.J.Borucki@nasa.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20056856" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: Using data for 25,780 species categorized on the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List, we present an assessment of the status of the world's vertebrates. One-fifth of species are classified as Threatened, and we show that this figure is increasing: On average, 52 species of mammals, birds, and amphibians move one category closer to extinction each year. However, this overall pattern conceals the impact of conservation successes, and we show that the rate of deterioration would have been at least one-fifth again as much in the absence of these. Nonetheless, current conservation efforts remain insufficient to offset the main drivers of biodiversity loss in these groups: agricultural expansion, logging, overexploitation, and invasive alien species.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hoffmann, Michael -- Hilton-Taylor, Craig -- Angulo, Ariadne -- Bohm, Monika -- Brooks, Thomas M -- Butchart, Stuart H M -- Carpenter, Kent E -- Chanson, Janice -- Collen, Ben -- Cox, Neil A -- Darwall, William R T -- Dulvy, Nicholas K -- Harrison, Lucy R -- Katariya, Vineet -- Pollock, Caroline M -- Quader, Suhel -- Richman, Nadia I -- Rodrigues, Ana S L -- Tognelli, Marcelo F -- Vie, Jean-Christophe -- Aguiar, John M -- Allen, David J -- Allen, Gerald R -- Amori, Giovanni -- Ananjeva, Natalia B -- Andreone, Franco -- Andrew, Paul -- Aquino Ortiz, Aida Luz -- Baillie, Jonathan E M -- Baldi, Ricardo -- Bell, Ben D -- Biju, S D -- Bird, Jeremy P -- Black-Decima, Patricia -- Blanc, J Julian -- Bolanos, Federico -- Bolivar-G, Wilmar -- Burfield, Ian J -- Burton, James A -- Capper, David R -- Castro, Fernando -- Catullo, Gianluca -- Cavanagh, Rachel D -- Channing, Alan -- Chao, Ning Labbish -- Chenery, Anna M -- Chiozza, Federica -- Clausnitzer, Viola -- Collar, Nigel J -- Collett, Leah C -- Collette, Bruce B -- Cortez Fernandez, Claudia F -- Craig, Matthew T -- Crosby, Michael J -- Cumberlidge, Neil -- Cuttelod, Annabelle -- Derocher, Andrew E -- Diesmos, Arvin C -- Donaldson, John S -- Duckworth, J W -- Dutson, Guy -- Dutta, S K -- Emslie, Richard H -- Farjon, Aljos -- Fowler, Sarah -- Freyhof, Jorg -- Garshelis, David L -- Gerlach, Justin -- Gower, David J -- Grant, Tandora D -- Hammerson, Geoffrey A -- Harris, Richard B -- Heaney, Lawrence R -- Hedges, S Blair -- Hero, Jean-Marc -- Hughes, Baz -- Hussain, Syed Ainul -- Icochea M, Javier -- Inger, Robert F -- Ishii, Nobuo -- Iskandar, Djoko T -- Jenkins, Richard K B -- Kaneko, Yoshio -- Kottelat, Maurice -- Kovacs, Kit M -- Kuzmin, Sergius L -- La Marca, Enrique -- Lamoreux, John F -- Lau, Michael W N -- Lavilla, Esteban O -- Leus, Kristin -- Lewison, Rebecca L -- Lichtenstein, Gabriela -- Livingstone, Suzanne R -- Lukoschek, Vimoksalehi -- Mallon, David P -- McGowan, Philip J K -- McIvor, Anna -- Moehlman, Patricia D -- Molur, Sanjay -- Munoz Alonso, Antonio -- Musick, John A -- Nowell, Kristin -- Nussbaum, Ronald A -- Olech, Wanda -- Orlov, Nikolay L -- Papenfuss, Theodore J -- Parra-Olea, Gabriela -- Perrin, William F -- Polidoro, Beth A -- Pourkazemi, Mohammad -- Racey, Paul A -- Ragle, James S -- Ram, Mala -- Rathbun, Galen -- Reynolds, Robert P -- Rhodin, Anders G J -- Richards, Stephen J -- Rodriguez, Lily O -- Ron, Santiago R -- Rondinini, Carlo -- Rylands, Anthony B -- Sadovy de Mitcheson, Yvonne -- Sanciangco, Jonnell C -- Sanders, Kate L -- Santos-Barrera, Georgina -- Schipper, Jan -- Self-Sullivan, Caryn -- Shi, Yichuan -- Shoemaker, Alan -- Short, Frederick T -- Sillero-Zubiri, Claudio -- Silvano, Debora L -- Smith, Kevin G -- Smith, Andrew T -- Snoeks, Jos -- Stattersfield, Alison J -- Symes, Andrew J -- Taber, Andrew B -- Talukdar, Bibhab K -- Temple, Helen J -- Timmins, Rob -- Tobias, Joseph A -- Tsytsulina, Katerina -- Tweddle, Denis -- Ubeda, Carmen -- Valenti, Sarah V -- van Dijk, Peter Paul -- Veiga, Liza M -- Veloso, Alberto -- Wege, David C -- Wilkinson, Mark -- Williamson, Elizabeth A -- Xie, Feng -- Young, Bruce E -- Akcakaya, H Resit -- Bennun, Leon -- Blackburn, Tim M -- Boitani, Luigi -- Dublin, Holly T -- da Fonseca, Gustavo A B -- Gascon, Claude -- Lacher, Thomas E Jr -- Mace, Georgina M -- Mainka, Susan A -- McNeely, Jeffery A -- Mittermeier, Russell A -- Reid, Gordon McGregor -- Rodriguez, Jon Paul -- Rosenberg, Andrew A -- Samways, Michael J -- Smart, Jane -- Stein, Bruce A -- Stuart, Simon N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Dec 10;330(6010):1503-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1194442. Epub 2010 Oct 26.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉IUCN SSC Species Survival Commission, c/o United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre, 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge CB3 0DL, UK. mike.hoffmann@iucn.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20978281" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4138491/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4138491/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉H3Africa Consortium -- Rotimi, Charles -- Abayomi, Akin -- Abimiku, Alash'le -- Adabayeri, Victoria May -- Adebamowo, Clement -- Adebiyi, Ezekiel -- Ademola, Adebowale D -- Adeyemo, Adebowale -- Adu, Dwomoa -- Affolabi, Dissou -- Agongo, Godfred -- Ajayi, Samuel -- Akarolo-Anthony, Sally -- Akinyemi, Rufus -- Akpalu, Albert -- Alberts, Marianne -- Alonso Betancourt, Orlando -- Alzohairy, Ahmed Mansour -- Ameni, Gobena -- Amodu, Olukemi -- Anabwani, Gabriel -- Andersen, Kristian -- Arogundade, Fatiu -- Arulogun, Oyedunni -- Asogun, Danny -- Bakare, Rasheed -- Balde, Naby -- Baniecki, Mary Lynn -- Beiswanger, Christine -- Benkahla, Alia -- Bethke, Lara -- Boehnke, Micheal -- Boima, Vincent -- Brandful, James -- Brooks, Andrew I -- Brosius, Frank C -- Brown, Chester -- Bucheton, Bruno -- Burke, David T -- Burnett, Barrington G -- Carrington-Lawrence, Stacy -- Carstens, Nadia -- Chisi, John -- Christoffels, Alan -- Cooper, Richard -- Cordell, Heather -- Crowther, Nigel -- Croxton, Talishiea -- de Vries, Jantina -- Derr, Leslie -- Donkor, Peter -- Doumbia, Seydou -- Duncanson, Audrey -- Ekem, Ivy -- El Sayed, Ahmed -- Engel, Mark E -- Enyaru, John C K -- Everett, Dean -- Fadlelmola, Faisal M -- Fakunle, Eyitayo -- Fischbeck, Kenneth H -- Fischer, Anne -- Folarin, Onikepe -- Gamieldien, Junaid -- Garry, Robert F -- Gaseitsiwe, Simani -- Gbadegesin, Rasheed -- Ghansah, Anita -- Giovanni, Maria -- Goesbeck, Parham -- Gomez-Olive, F Xavier -- Grant, Donald S -- Grewal, Ravnit -- Guyer, Mark -- Hanchard, Neil A -- Happi, Christian T -- Hazelhurst, Scott -- Hennig, Branwen J -- Hertz-, Christiane -- Fowler -- Hide, Winston -- Hilderbrandt, Friedhelm -- Hugo-Hamman, Christopher -- Ibrahim, Muntaser E -- James, Regina -- Jaufeerally-Fakim, Yasmina -- Jenkins, Carolyn -- Jentsch, Ute -- Jiang, Pan-Pan -- Joloba, Moses -- Jongeneel, Victor -- Joubert, Fourie -- Kader, Mukthar -- Kahn, Kathleen -- Kaleebu, Pontiano -- Kapiga, Saidi H -- Kassim, Samar Kamal -- Kasvosve, Ishmael -- Kayondo, Jonathan -- Keavney, Bernard -- Kekitiinwa, Adeodata -- Khan, Sheik Humarr -- Kimmel, Paul -- King, Mary-Claire -- Kleta, Robert -- Koffi, Mathurin -- Kopp, Jeffrey -- Kretzler, Matthias -- Kumuthini, Judit -- Kyobe, Samuel -- Kyobutungi, Catherine -- Lackland, Daniel T -- Lacourciere, Karen A -- Landoure, Guida -- Lawlor, Rita -- Lehner, Thomas -- Lesosky, Maia -- Levitt, Naomi -- Littler, Katherine -- Lombard, Zane -- Loring, Jeanne F -- Lyantagaye, Sylvester -- Macleod, Annette -- Madden, Ebony B -- Mahomva, Chengetai R -- Makani, Julie -- Mamven, Manmak -- Marape, Marape -- Mardon, Graeme -- Marshall, Patricia -- Martin, Darren P -- Masiga, Daniel -- Mason, Robin -- Mate-Kole, Michael -- Matovu, Enock -- Mayige, Mary -- Mayosi, Bongani M -- Mbanya, Jean Claude -- McCurdy, Sheryl A -- McCarthy, Mark I -- McIlleron, Helen -- Mc'Ligeyo, S O -- Merle, Corrine -- Mocumbi, Ana Olga -- Mondo, Charles -- Moran, John V -- Motala, Ayesha -- Moxey-Mims, Marva -- Mpoloka, Wata Sununguko -- Msefula, Chisomo L -- Mthiyane, Thuli -- Mulder, Nicola -- Mulugeta, Gebregziab her -- Mumba, Dieuodonne -- Musuku, John -- Nagdee, Mo -- Nash, Oyekanmi -- Ndiaye, Daouda -- Nguyen, Anh Quynh -- Nicol, Mark -- Nkomazana, Oathokwa -- Norris, Shane -- Nsangi, Betty -- Nyarko, Alexander -- Nyirenda, Moffat -- Obe, Eileen -- Obiakor, Reginald -- Oduro, Abraham -- Ofori-Acquah, Solomon F -- Ogah, Okechukwu -- Ogendo, Stephen -- Ohene-Frempong, Kwaku -- Ojo, Akinlolu -- Olanrewaju, Timothy -- Oli, John -- Osafo, Charlotte -- Ouwe Missi Oukem-Boyer, Odile -- Ovbiagele, Bruce -- Owen, Andrew -- Owolabi, Mayowa Ojo -- Owolabi, Lukman -- Owusu-Dabo, Ellis -- Pare, Guillaume -- Parekh, Rulan -- Patterton, Hugh G -- Penno, Margaret B -- Peterson, Jane -- Pieper, Rembert -- Plange-Rhule, Jacob -- Pollak, Martin -- Puzak, Julia -- Ramesar, Rajkumar S -- Ramsay, Michele -- Rasooly, Rebekah -- Reddy, Shiksha -- Sabeti, Pardis C -- Sagoe, Kwamena -- Salako, Tunde -- Samassekou, Oumar -- Sandhu, Manjinder S -- Sankoh, Osman -- Sarfo, Fred Stephen -- Sarr, Marie -- Shaboodien, Gasnat -- Sidibe, Issa -- Simo, Gustave -- Simuunza, Martin -- Smeeth, Liam -- Sobngwi, Eugene -- Soodyall, Himla -- Sorgho, Hermann -- Sow Bah, Oumou -- Srinivasan, Sudha -- Stein, Dan J -- Susser, Ezra S -- Swanepoel, Carmen -- Tangwa, Godfred -- Tareila, Andrew -- Tastan Bishop, Ozlem -- Tayo, Bamidele -- Tiffin, Nicki -- Tinto, Halidou -- Tobin, Ekaete -- Tollman, Stephen Meir -- Traore, Mahamadou -- Treadwell, Marsha J -- Troyer, Jennifer -- Tsimako-Johnstone, Masego -- Tukei, Vincent -- Ulasi, Ifeoma -- Ulenga, Nzovu -- van Rooyen, Beverley -- Wachinou, Ablo Prudence -- Waddy, Salina P -- Wade, Alisha -- Wayengera, Misaki -- Whitworth, James -- Wideroff, Louise -- Winkler, Cheryl A -- Winnicki, Sarah -- Wonkam, Ambroise -- Yewondwos, Mengistu -- sen, Tadase -- Yozwiak, Nathan -- Zar, Heather -- 085349/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 095009/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 095201/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 098504/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 104111/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- MC_U123292700/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- P20 MD006899/MD/NIMHD NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI104621/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- RG/08/012/25941/British Heart Foundation/United Kingdom -- U01 HG007044/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U41 HG006941/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54 AI110398/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG006938/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG006939/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG007479/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- UH2 HG007051/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jun 20;344(6190):1346-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1251546.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24948725" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉