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  • LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION  (591)
  • AERODYNAMICS  (252)
  • SPACECRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE
  • 2020-2024
  • 1975-1979  (972)
  • 1945-1949  (1)
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  • 1
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    Geochemical and mineralogical interpretation of the Viking inorganic chemical results (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The current status of geochemical, mineralogical, petrological interpretation of refined Viking Lander data is reviewed, and inferences that can be drawn from data on the composition of Martian surface materials are presented. The materials are dominantly fine silicate particles admixed with, or including, iron oxide particles. Both major element and trace element abundances in all samples are indicative of mafic source rocks (rather than more highly differentiated salic materials). The surface fines are nearly identical in composition at the two widely separated Lander sites, except for some lithologic diversity at the 100-m scale. This implies that some agency (presumably aeolian processes) has thoroughly homogenized them on a planetary scale. The most plausible model for the mineralogical constitution of the fine-grained surface materials at the two Lander sites is a fine-grained mixture dominated by iron-rich smectites, or their degradation products, with ferric oxides, probably including maghemite and carbonates (such as calcite), but not such less stable phases as magnesite or siderite.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 82; Sept. 30
    Format: text
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  • 2
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    Correction factory techniques for improving aerodynamic prediction methods (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A method for correcting discrete element lifting surface theory to reflect given experimental data is presented. Theoretical pressures are modified such that imposed constraints are satisfied while minimizing the changes to the pressures. Several types of correction procedures are presented and correlated; (1) scaling of pressures; (2) scaling of downwash values; and (3) addition of an increment to the downwash that is proportioned to pressure. Some special features are included in these methods and they include: (1) consideration of experimental data from multiple deflection modes, (2) limitation of the amplitudes of the correction factors, and (3) the use of correction factor mode shapes. These methods are correlated for cases involving all three Mach Number ranges using a FORTRAN IV computer program. Subsonically, a wing with an oscillating partial span control surface and a wing with a leading edge droop are presented. Transonically a two-dimensional airfoil with an oscillating flap is considered. Supersonically an arrow wing with and without camber is analyzed. In addition to correction factor methods an investigation is presented dealing with a new simplified transonic modification of the two-dimensional subsonic lifting surface theory. Correlations are presented for an airfoil with an oscillating flap.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA-CR-144967
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 3
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    Jupiter's magnetic field, magnetosphere, and interaction with the solar wind - Pioneer 11 (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Measurements of the magnetic field vector were obtained continuously throughout the encounter of the spacecraft with the planet Jupiter. Effects of Jupiter on the solar wind are considered along with the characteristics of the magnetopause at both low and intermediate latitudes, the three basic regions within the magnetosphere, and a spherical harmonic analysis of the Pioneer 11 measurements. The spherical harmonic representation has been used to derive contours of the magnetic field strength at the surface of Jupiter.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Science; 188; May 2
    Format: text
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  • 4
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    Low-speed wind tunnel investigation of an advanced supersonic cruise arrow-wing configuration (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A preliminary assessment of possible means for improving the low speed aerodynamic characteristics of advanced supersonic cruise arrow wing configurations and to extend the existing data base of such configurations has been made. Principle configuration variables included wing-leading and trailing-edge flap deflection, fuselage nose strakes, and engine exhaust nozzle deflection. Results showed that deflecting the wing leading edge apex flaps downward provided improved longitudinal stability but resulted in reduced directional stability. The model exhibited relatively low values of directional stability over the operational angle of attack range and experienced large asymmetric yawing moments at high angles of attack. The use of nose strakes was found to be effective in increasing the directional stability and eliminating the asymmetric yawing moment.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA-TM-74043
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 5
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    On the energy deposition of photoelectrons in the atmosphere of Venus (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: Vertical components of photoelectron fluxes in the atmosphere of Venus are computed by solving an appropriate form of the Boltzmann equation in the cases where there is no flux of either photoelectrons or solar-wind particles across the ionopause and where photoelectrons are free to escape from the atmosphere. It is assumed that Venus has no magnetic field and that the atmosphere is composed of carbon dioxide, atomic oxygen, and helium. The results are plotted as a function of altitude for several energies in the range from 100 eV to a cutoff of the order of 1 eV. Heating rates for the two upper boundary conditions and the case of no spatial transport are determined which show that transport effects dominate at altitudes greater than about 200 km. Electron temperatures are calculated for the adopted model atmosphere and ionosphere by solving the pertinent conservation equation, and excitation rates are computed for the CO Cameron band as well as the CO2(+) A and B bands.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 81; Oct. 1
    Format: text
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  • 6
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    The imaging photopolarimeter experiment on Pioneer 11 (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: For 2 weeks continuous imaging, photometry, and polarimetry observations were made of Jupiter and the Galilean satellites in red and blue light from Pioneer 11. Measurements of Jupiter's north and south polar regions were possible because the spacecraft trajectory was highly inclined to the planet's equatorial plane. One of the highest resolution images obtained is presented here along with a comparison of a sample of our photometric and polarimetric data with a simple model. The data seem consistent with increased molecular scattering at high latitudes.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Science; 188; May 2
    Format: text
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  • 7
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    Mars dynamics, atmospheric and surface properties - Determination from Viking tracking data (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: Approximately three months of radio tracking data from the Viking landers have been analyzed to determine the lander locations, the orientation of the spin axis of Mars, and a first estimate from Viking data of the planet's spin rate. Preliminary results have also been obtained for atmospheric parameters and radii at occultation points and for properties of the surface in the vicinity of lander 1.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Science; 194; Dec. 17
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  • 8
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    Viking lander location and spin axis of Mars - Determination from radio tracking data (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Radio tracking data from the Viking lander have been used to determine the lander position and the orientation of the spin axis of Mars. The areocentric coordinates of the lander are 22.27 deg N, 48.00 deg W, and 3389.5 kilometers from the center of mass; the spin axis orientation, referred to earth's mean equator and equinox of 1950.0, is 317.35 deg right ascension and 52.71 deg declination.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Science; 193; Aug. 27
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  • 9
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    The Voyager infrared spectroscopy and radiometry investigation (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: Two interferometers covering the spectral ranges 17 to 170 microns and 1.4 to 10 microns and a radiometer covering the range 0.4 to 1.2 microns are employed in the Voyager infrared spectroscopy and radiometry investigation. The study will focus on cloud and gas composition of planets and satellites with substantial atmospheres (including isotopic ratios), haze scale height, atmospheric vertical thermal structure, local and planetary circulation, and planetary energy balance. Surface temperatures and thermal properties of satellites with tenuous atmospheres will also be assessed, and the particle size distribution and thermal characteristics of Saturn's rings will be analyzed.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Space Science Reviews; 21; Nov. 197
    Format: text
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  • 10
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    Does Mercury have a molten core (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The question of whether or not Mercury could contain a molten metallic core is investigated by studying the possible thermal evolution of a metallic core in that planet. The calculations involve the solution of the equation of heat conduction for a spherically symmetric body with internal heat sources, modifications to take account of the latent heat of fusion as well as the redistribution of radioactive heat sources as a consequence of melting, the terrestrial Fe/U ratio, and a Th/U ratio of 3.7. The temperature profile predicted by the calculations for a period of 4.6 billion years indicates that the inner 1400 km of the core would now be solid while the outer 500 km would be molten. It is emphasized that this result is a direct consequence of a discontinuity in melting temperatures at the core-mantle boundary and that although a dynamo is possible, it would have to be driven mechanically rather than by thermal convection.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Nature; 259; Jan. 29
    Format: text
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