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  • Springer  (38)
  • 2020-2022
  • 1995-1999  (23)
  • 1975-1979  (13)
  • 1965-1969  (2)
  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Rheologica acta 8 (1969), S. 205-214 
    ISSN: 1435-1528
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Rheologische Untersuchung von pharmazeutischen Produkten wie Pasten und Cremen war bisher auf Experimente mit kontinuierlicher Scherbeanspruchung beschränkt. Man weiß jedoch, daß es komplexes rheologisches Verhalten gibt und daß die Untersuchung der Hysteresisschleife nur ein qualitatives Erfassen von Strukturen und Theologischen Eigenschaften ermöglicht. Untersuchungen unter oszillierenden Bedingungen wurden vermieden, hauptsächlich wegen der zeitverbrauchenden Messungen, die die Berechnung von Amplitude und Phasenwinkel mit sich bringen und wegen der Schwierigkeiten, eine „saubere“ Wellenform zu erhalten. Die Solartron Electronic Group Ltd. hat vor kurzem ein Gerät entwickelt, das diese Schwierigkeiten überwindet: den „transfer function analyser“ JM 1600 und den „mechanical reference synchroniser“ JX 1606. Unschärfe wegen Interferenz kann durch Filtern vermieden werden und Ergebnisse können fast augenblicklich erhalten werden. Dieses Gerät wurde in Verbindung mit demWeissenberg-Rheogoniometer benützt, um das rheologische Verhalten von pharmazeutischen Produkten wie Emulsionen, Cremen und Salbengrundlagen zu testen. Die Änderung von Phasenwinkel und Amplitude wurde mit parallelen Platen und konzentrischen Zylindern im Bereich von 25 Hz bis 7,9 · 10−3 Hz untersucht. Das rheologische Verhalten der untersuchten Systeme wurde über einen weiten Bereich variiert, von linearen newtonischen Flüssigkeiten zu nichtlinearen plastischen Festprodukten. Man kann daraus schließen, daß das Solartrongerät ein schnelles und genaues Verfahren bietet, um rheologische Bestimmungen von komplexen pharmazeutischen Produkten durchzuführen.
    Notizen: Summary The rheological investigation of pharmaceutical materials such as pastes and creams has been limited to continuous shear experiments although it is known that complex rheological behaviour (visco-elasticity) is present and that analysis of hysteresis loops can only give a qualitative estimate of structure and rheological properties. Oscillatory testing has been avoided largely due to the lengthy measurements involved in calculation of amplitudes and phase angle and the difficulty in obtaining a “clean” wave form. Solartron Electronic Group Ltd. have recently introduced an apparatus that overcomes these objections: the transfer function analyser J. M. 1600 and mechanical reference synchroniser J. X. 1606. Electronic noise can be filtered out and the results are available almost instantaneously. This apparatus has been used in conjunction with aWeissenberg rheogoniometer to study the rheological properties of a variety of pharmaceutical materials, including emulsions, creams and ointment bases. The change in phase angle and amplitude has been studied over the frequency range 25 Hz to 7.9 × 10−3 Hz for parallel plate and concentric cylinder geometries. The systems examined have demonstrated a large range of rheological behaviour ranging from essentially linear Newtonian liquid to very non linear plastic solid. It is concluded that the Solartron apparatus will provide a rapid and accurate method for the rheological analysis of complex pharmaceutical materials.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Fire technology 15 (1979), S. 189-194 
    ISSN: 1572-8099
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Architektur, Bauingenieurwesen, Vermessung
    Notizen: Abstract Criteria have been proposed using the new Flooring Radiant Panel Test that provide safety equivalent to the level provided by the NFPA'sLife Safety Code ®.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 60 (1998), S. 335-339 
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Energietechnik , Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1017
    Schlagwort(e): Key words T-lymphocytes ; Dissociation constant
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract CD2 is a cell adhesion molecule found on the plasma membrane of T-lymphocytes. Its counter-receptor in rat is the structurally related CD48. This interaction is believed to contribute to the adhesion of T-cells to other cells such as cytotoxic targets and antigen presenting cells. Cell-cell adhesion involves the formation of multiple cell adhesion molecule complexes at the cell surface and if cell-cell de-adhesion is to occur, these complexes need to be disrupted. The affinities of cell adhesion molecule interactions are suggested to be relatively weak to allow this de-adhesion of cell-cell interactions. The CD2/CD48 interaction has been studied using recombinant extracellular proteins and the affinity of the interaction of soluble recombinant rat CD2–CD48 has been determined (at 37°C) using surface plasmon resonance (and shown to be weak), with the dissociation constant Kd=60–90 µm. The values determined by surface plasmon resonance results could be affected by the immobilisation of the ligand on the chip and any self-association on the chip. We used three different analytical ultracentrifuge procedures which each allowed the interaction to be studied in free solution without the need for an immobilisation medium. Both sedimentation equilibrium (using direct analysis of the concentration distribution and also modelling of molecular weight versus concentration data) and sedimentation velocity at 5°C yielded dissociation constants in the range of 20– 110 µm, supporting the surface plasmon resonance findings showing that binding between these cell adhesion molecules is relatively weak. These studies also ruled out the presence of any significant self-association of the reactants which could lead to systematic error in the surface plasmon resonance results.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Microbial ecology 3 (1976), S. 55-64 
    ISSN: 1432-184X
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract An automatic, continuous flow respirometer was used to follow the bio-oxidation of a crude oil in a column of fairly coarse beach material. A number of water percolation rates were employed, with and without inorganic nutrient supplementation (nitrate and phosphate). Initially, nutrient supplementation was required to allow significant oxidation rates, but a capacity for biodegradation in the absence of continued supplementation developed slowly. The increase in oxidation rate with nutrient supplementation was in the proportion 0.23 mg oxygen perμmol nitrate. This proportionality was similar to previous results in this laboratory (using different systems), as was the effect of temperature. The mean of two Q10 values in this work was 2.7.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1573-6865
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Previous in situ hybridization studies from our laboratory have shown that expression of certain milk protein genes, e.g. α-lactalbumin, is very high in most parts of the mammary glands of sheep and cattle, while in other areas containing an abundance of fat globules it is virtually zero (Molenaar et al., 1992). One possible explanation is that some areas of the mammary gland are dedicated to protein synthesis and some to fat synthesis. To check this possibility, the cRNA for butyrophilin, a milk-fat globule membrane protein, and hence a putative marker of milk fat synthesis, was used as a probe in in situ hybridization studies. The results show quite clearly that the patterns of expression for this gene are similar, cell type for cell type, as those for milk protein genes such as α-lactalbumin and αs1casein. In addition, we found that butyrophilin gene expression more closely matches that of αS1casein than that of α-lactalbumin. If it is shown in the future that butyrophilin is indeed a marker for milk fat synthesis, then these results support the current assumption that fat and protein synthesis do occur in the same cell.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1573-6865
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Previousin situ hybridization studies from our laboratory have shown that expression of certain milk protein genes, e.g. α-lactalbumin, is very high in most parts of the mammary glands of sheep and cattle, while in other areas containing an abundance of fat globules it is virtually zero (Molenaaret al., 1992). One possible explanation is that some areas of the mammary gland are dedicated to protein synthesis and some to fat synthesis. To check this possibility, the cRNA for butyrophilin, a milk-fat globule membrane protein, and hence a putative marker of milk fat synthesis, was used as a probe inin situ hybridization studies. The results show quite clearly that the patterns of expression for this gene are similar, cell type for cell type, as those for milk protein genes such as α-lactalbumin and αs1casein. In addition, we found that butyrophilin gene expression more closely matches that of αS1casein than that of α-lactalbumin. If it is shown in the future that butyrophilin is indeed a marker for milk fat synthesis, then these results support the current assumption that fat and protein synthesis do occur in the same cell.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1573-6849
    Schlagwort(e): Artiodactyla ; Bovidae ; comparative cyto-genetics ; karyotype ; molecular cytogenetics ; nilgai
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract A combination of chromosomal banding and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to characterize the karyotype of Boselaphus tragocamelus (nilgai) relative to the domestic cattle standard karyotype. G-, Q- and C-band karyotypes of nilgai are presented, and the chromosomal complement of nilgai is determined to be 2n = 46 (female FN = 60, male FN = 59; NAA = 56), consistent with previous reports for the species. Comparisons with cattle identified extensive monobrachial homologies with some noteworthy exceptions. Chromosome 25 is centrically fused to 24, and chromosome 16 is acrocentric. Both appear to have additional pericentromeric material not seen in the equivalent cattle acrocentrics. This pericentromeric chromatin may be the result of de novo additions or translocation of pericentromeric material from chromosome 6, which is shown to be centrically fused to 13 but is only about two-thirds the length of cattle 6. Comparisons with cattle demonstrated that nilgai chromosome 17 has undergone a paracentric inversion and that chromosome 20 has two blocks of interstitial constitutive heterochromatin. The identities of both chromosomes were confirmed by chromosomal FISH. Furthermore, chromosomal banding and FISH were used to determine that autosome 14 has been fused to the ancestral X and Y of nilgai to form compound neo-X and -Y chromosomes. Additional FISH analyses were conducted to confirm other proposed chromosome homologies and to identify nucleolar organizing regions within the nilgai complement.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Chromosome research 6 (1998), S. 661-661 
    ISSN: 1573-6849
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Schlagwort(e): mononuclear phagocyte system ; targeted drug delivery ; nanoparticles ; poloxamine 908
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Purpose. To investigate the effect of poloxamine 908 on the MPS activity and the importance of its mode of presentation to the immune system. Methods. Solutions of endotoxin free poloxamine 908 were injected daily intravenously to rats, and the effect on the degree of sequestration by the liver of I125 labelled, poloxamine 908-coated 60 nm polystyrene particles was investigated by studying effect of dosing regimen(s) and assessment of opsonic activity. Results. After 3 or 4 days repeated dosing with poloxamine 908 (0.7 mg) in solution, the poloxamine 908-coated polystyrene particles (60 nm) were rapidly cleared from the circulation. The increased sequestration of the particles by the liver lasted for more than 7 days after last dosing with the poloxamine 908 solution. In subsequent studies, it was found that a single dose of poloxamine 908 (0.7 mg) in solution was sufficient to activate the MPS 4 days after the injection. The increased uptake was found not be mediated by a serum component, nor was it due to proliferation of the Kupffer cells in the liver. Conclusions. The results provide evidence that a solution of endotoxin-free poloxamine 908 activates the MPS so that 4 days after injection otherwise long-term circulating poloxamine 908-coated particles are sequestered by the liver. This finding has implications for use of such coated systems in therapeutic situations.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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