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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2009-05-30
    Description: The common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) is increasingly attractive for use as a non-human primate animal model in biomedical research. It has a relatively high reproduction rate for a primate, making it potentially suitable for transgenic modification. Although several attempts have been made to produce non-human transgenic primates, transgene expression in the somatic tissues of live infants has not been demonstrated by objective analyses such as polymerase chain reaction with reverse transcription or western blots. Here we show that the injection of a self-inactivating lentiviral vector in sucrose solution into marmoset embryos results in transgenic common marmosets that expressed the transgene in several organs. Notably, we achieved germline transmission of the transgene, and the transgenic offspring developed normally. The successful creation of transgenic marmosets provides a new animal model for human disease that has the great advantage of a close genetic relationship with humans. This model will be valuable to many fields of biomedical research.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sasaki, Erika -- Suemizu, Hiroshi -- Shimada, Akiko -- Hanazawa, Kisaburo -- Oiwa, Ryo -- Kamioka, Michiko -- Tomioka, Ikuo -- Sotomaru, Yusuke -- Hirakawa, Reiko -- Eto, Tomoo -- Shiozawa, Seiji -- Maeda, Takuji -- Ito, Mamoru -- Ito, Ryoji -- Kito, Chika -- Yagihashi, Chie -- Kawai, Kenji -- Miyoshi, Hiroyuki -- Tanioka, Yoshikuni -- Tamaoki, Norikazu -- Habu, Sonoko -- Okano, Hideyuki -- Nomura, Tatsuji -- England -- Nature. 2009 May 28;459(7246):523-7. doi: 10.1038/nature08090.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Central Institute for Experimental Animals, 1430 Nogawa, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 216-0001, Japan. esasaki@ciea.or.jp〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19478777" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Genetically Modified/*genetics ; Animals, Newborn ; Callithrix/embryology/*genetics ; *Disease Models, Animal ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Germ Cells/*metabolism ; Green Fluorescent Proteins/genetics ; Heredity/*genetics ; Humans ; Transcription, Genetic ; Transgenes/*genetics
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2009-08-07
    Description: The contribution of changes in cis-regulatory elements or trans-acting factors to interspecies differences in gene expression is not well understood. The mammalian beta-globin loci have served as a model for gene regulation during development. Transgenic mice containing the human beta-globin locus, consisting of the linked embryonic (epsilon), fetal (gamma) and adult (beta) genes, have been used as a system to investigate the temporal switch from fetal to adult haemoglobin, as occurs in humans. Here we show that the human gamma-globin (HBG) genes in these mice behave as murine embryonic globin genes, revealing a limitation of the model and demonstrating that critical differences in the trans-acting milieu have arisen during mammalian evolution. We show that the expression of BCL11A, a repressor of human gamma-globin expression identified by genome-wide association studies, differs between mouse and human. Developmental silencing of the mouse embryonic globin and human gamma-globin genes fails to occur in mice in the absence of BCL11A. Thus, BCL11A is a critical mediator of species-divergent globin switching. By comparing the ontogeny of beta-globin gene regulation in mice and humans, we have shown that alterations in the expression of a trans-acting factor constitute a critical driver of gene expression changes during evolution.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3749913/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3749913/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sankaran, Vijay G -- Xu, Jian -- Ragoczy, Tobias -- Ippolito, Gregory C -- Walkley, Carl R -- Maika, Shanna D -- Fujiwara, Yuko -- Ito, Masafumi -- Groudine, Mark -- Bender, M A -- Tucker, Philip W -- Orkin, Stuart H -- P01 HL032262/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2009 Aug 27;460(7259):1093-7. doi: 10.1038/nature08243. Epub 2009 Aug 5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital Boston and Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19657335" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Carrier Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Embryo, Mammalian/metabolism ; Evolution, Molecular ; Fetus/metabolism ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Gene Silencing ; Globins/*genetics ; Hematopoiesis ; Humans ; Mice ; Nuclear Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Species Specificity ; beta-Globins/genetics ; gamma-Globins/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2009-04-21
    Description: The post-translational modifications of histone tails generate a 'histone code' that defines local and global chromatin states. The resultant regulation of gene function is thought to govern cell fate, proliferation and differentiation. Reversible histone modifications such as methylation are under mutual controls to organize chromosomal events. Among the histone modifications, methylation of specific lysine and arginine residues seems to be critical for chromatin configuration and control of gene expression. Methylation of histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4) changes chromatin into a transcriptionally active state. Reversible modification of proteins by beta-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) in response to serum glucose levels regulates diverse cellular processes. However, the epigenetic impact of protein GlcNAcylation is unknown. Here we report that nuclear GlcNAcylation of a histone lysine methyltransferase (HKMT), MLL5, by O-GlcNAc transferase facilitates retinoic-acid-induced granulopoiesis in human HL60 promyelocytes through methylation of H3K4. MLL5 is biochemically identified in a GlcNAcylation-dependent multi-subunit complex associating with nuclear retinoic acid receptor RARalpha (also known as RARA), serving as a mono- and di-methyl transferase to H3K4. GlcNAcylation at Thr 440 in the MLL5 SET domain evokes its H3K4 HKMT activity and co-activates RARalpha in target gene promoters. Increased nuclear GlcNAcylation by means of O-GlcNAc transferase potentiates retinoic-acid-induced HL60 granulopoiesis and restores the retinoic acid response in the retinoic-acid-resistant HL60-R2 cell line. Thus, nuclear MLL5 GlcNAcylation triggers cell lineage determination of HL60 through activation of its HKMT activity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fujiki, Ryoji -- Chikanishi, Toshihiro -- Hashiba, Waka -- Ito, Hiroaki -- Takada, Ichiro -- Roeder, Robert G -- Kitagawa, Hirochika -- Kato, Shigeaki -- England -- Nature. 2009 May 21;459(7245):455-9. doi: 10.1038/nature07954. Epub 2009 Apr 19.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19377461" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylglucosamine/*metabolism ; Cell Lineage ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Granulocytes/*cytology/*drug effects ; HL-60 Cells ; Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase/chemistry/*metabolism ; Humans ; Leukopoiesis/*drug effects ; Multiprotein Complexes/chemistry/isolation & purification/metabolism ; N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferases/chemistry/*metabolism ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Receptors, Retinoic Acid/metabolism ; Threonine/metabolism ; Tretinoin/*pharmacology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2009-03-06
    Description: In-cell NMR is an isotope-aided multi-dimensional NMR technique that enables observations of conformations and functions of proteins in living cells at the atomic level. This method has been successfully applied to proteins overexpressed in bacteria, providing information on protein-ligand interactions and conformations. However, the application of in-cell NMR to eukaryotic cells has been limited to Xenopus laevis oocytes. Wider application of the technique is hampered by inefficient delivery of isotope-labelled proteins into eukaryote somatic cells. Here we describe a method to obtain high-resolution two-dimensional (2D) heteronuclear NMR spectra of proteins inside living human cells. Proteins were delivered to the cytosol by the pyrenebutyrate-mediated action of cell-penetrating peptides linked covalently to the proteins. The proteins were subsequently released from cell-penetrating peptides by endogenous enzymatic activity or by autonomous reductive cleavage. The heteronuclear 2D spectra of three different proteins inside human cells demonstrate the broad application of this technique to studying interactions and protein processing. The in-cell NMR spectra of FKBP12 (also known as FKBP1A) show the formation of specific complexes between the protein and extracellularly administered immunosuppressants, demonstrating the utility of this technique in drug screening programs. Moreover, in-cell NMR spectroscopy demonstrates that ubiquitin has much higher hydrogen exchange rates in the intracellular environment, possibly due to multiple interactions with endogenous proteins.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Inomata, Kohsuke -- Ohno, Ayako -- Tochio, Hidehito -- Isogai, Shin -- Tenno, Takeshi -- Nakase, Ikuhiko -- Takeuchi, Toshihide -- Futaki, Shiroh -- Ito, Yutaka -- Hiroaki, Hidekazu -- Shirakawa, Masahiro -- England -- Nature. 2009 Mar 5;458(7234):106-9. doi: 10.1038/nature07839.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-Ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19262675" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Membrane Permeability ; Cell Survival/drug effects ; Deuterium Exchange Measurement ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical/methods ; Gene Products, tat/genetics/metabolism ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Immunosuppressive Agents/chemistry/metabolism/pharmacology ; Intracellular Space/*metabolism ; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular/*methods ; Protein Binding ; Pyrenes/pharmacology ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Tacrolimus Binding Protein 1A/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Transfection ; Ubiquitin/genetics/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2009-08-13
    Description: Influenza A viruses cause recurrent outbreaks at local or global scale with potentially severe consequences for human health and the global economy. Recently, a new strain of influenza A virus was detected that causes disease in and transmits among humans, probably owing to little or no pre-existing immunity to the new strain. On 11 June 2009 the World Health Organization declared that the infections caused by the new strain had reached pandemic proportion. Characterized as an influenza A virus of the H1N1 subtype, the genomic segments of the new strain were most closely related to swine viruses. Most human infections with swine-origin H1N1 influenza viruses (S-OIVs) seem to be mild; however, a substantial number of hospitalized individuals do not have underlying health issues, attesting to the pathogenic potential of S-OIVs. To achieve a better assessment of the risk posed by the new virus, we characterized one of the first US S-OIV isolates, A/California/04/09 (H1N1; hereafter referred to as CA04), as well as several other S-OIV isolates, in vitro and in vivo. In mice and ferrets, CA04 and other S-OIV isolates tested replicate more efficiently than a currently circulating human H1N1 virus. In addition, CA04 replicates efficiently in non-human primates, causes more severe pathological lesions in the lungs of infected mice, ferrets and non-human primates than a currently circulating human H1N1 virus, and transmits among ferrets. In specific-pathogen-free miniature pigs, CA04 replicates without clinical symptoms. The assessment of human sera from different age groups suggests that infection with human H1N1 viruses antigenically closely related to viruses circulating in 1918 confers neutralizing antibody activity to CA04. Finally, we show that CA04 is sensitive to approved and experimental antiviral drugs, suggesting that these compounds could function as a first line of defence against the recently declared S-OIV pandemic.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2748827/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2748827/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Itoh, Yasushi -- Shinya, Kyoko -- Kiso, Maki -- Watanabe, Tokiko -- Sakoda, Yoshihiro -- Hatta, Masato -- Muramoto, Yukiko -- Tamura, Daisuke -- Sakai-Tagawa, Yuko -- Noda, Takeshi -- Sakabe, Saori -- Imai, Masaki -- Hatta, Yasuko -- Watanabe, Shinji -- Li, Chengjun -- Yamada, Shinya -- Fujii, Ken -- Murakami, Shin -- Imai, Hirotaka -- Kakugawa, Satoshi -- Ito, Mutsumi -- Takano, Ryo -- Iwatsuki-Horimoto, Kiyoko -- Shimojima, Masayuki -- Horimoto, Taisuke -- Goto, Hideo -- Takahashi, Kei -- Makino, Akiko -- Ishigaki, Hirohito -- Nakayama, Misako -- Okamatsu, Masatoshi -- Takahashi, Kazuo -- Warshauer, David -- Shult, Peter A -- Saito, Reiko -- Suzuki, Hiroshi -- Furuta, Yousuke -- Yamashita, Makoto -- Mitamura, Keiko -- Nakano, Kunio -- Nakamura, Morio -- Brockman-Schneider, Rebecca -- Mitamura, Hiroshi -- Yamazaki, Masahiko -- Sugaya, Norio -- Suresh, M -- Ozawa, Makoto -- Neumann, Gabriele -- Gern, James -- Kida, Hiroshi -- Ogasawara, Kazumasa -- Kawaoka, Yoshihiro -- HHNSN266200700010C/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- HHSN266200700010C/PHS HHS/ -- HHSN272200800060C/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI069274/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI069274-04/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U19 AI070503/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2009 Aug 20;460(7258):1021-5. doi: 10.1038/nature08260.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Ohtsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19672242" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Viral/immunology ; Antiviral Agents/pharmacology ; Cell Line ; Dogs ; Female ; Ferrets/virology ; HN Protein/metabolism ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/drug effects/enzymology/pathogenicity/*physiology ; Lung/immunology/pathology/virology ; Macaca fascicularis/immunology/virology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Neutralization Tests ; Orthomyxoviridae Infections/immunology/transmission/virology ; Primate Diseases/pathology/virology ; Swine/*virology ; Swine Diseases/pathology/virology ; Swine, Miniature/virology ; Virus Replication
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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