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  • Mice  (4)
  • Aerospace Medicine
  • Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
  • Molecular Sequence Data
  • 2005-2009  (6)
  • 2008  (6)
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  • 2005-2009  (6)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2008-10-25
    Description: BAX is a pro-apoptotic protein of the BCL-2 family that is stationed in the cytosol until activated by a diversity of stress stimuli to induce cell death. Anti-apoptotic proteins such as BCL-2 counteract BAX-mediated cell death. Although an interaction site that confers survival functionality has been defined for anti-apoptotic proteins, an activation site has not been identified for BAX, rendering its explicit trigger mechanism unknown. We previously developed stabilized alpha-helix of BCL-2 domains (SAHBs) that directly initiate BAX-mediated mitochondrial apoptosis. Here we demonstrate by NMR analysis that BIM SAHB binds BAX at an interaction site that is distinct from the canonical binding groove characterized for anti-apoptotic proteins. The specificity of the human BIM-SAHB-BAX interaction is highlighted by point mutagenesis that disrupts functional activity, confirming that BAX activation is initiated at this novel structural location. Thus, we have now defined a BAX interaction site for direct activation, establishing a new target for therapeutic modulation of apoptosis.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2597110/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2597110/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gavathiotis, Evripidis -- Suzuki, Motoshi -- Davis, Marguerite L -- Pitter, Kenneth -- Bird, Gregory H -- Katz, Samuel G -- Tu, Ho-Chou -- Kim, Hyungjin -- Cheng, Emily H-Y -- Tjandra, Nico -- Walensky, Loren D -- 5P01CA92625/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- 5R01CA125562/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- 5R01CA50239/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- K99 HL095929/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- K99 HL095929-01A1/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- K99 HL095929-02/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R00 HL095929/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA050239/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA125562/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA125562-02/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- Intramural NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2008 Oct 23;455(7216):1076-81. doi: 10.1038/nature07396.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pediatric Oncology and the Program in Cancer Chemical Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 44 Binney Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18948948" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; BH3 Interacting Domain Death Agonist Protein/metabolism ; Cell Line ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Membrane Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Mice ; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed ; Mutation/genetics ; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular ; Protein Binding ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Sequence Alignment ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein/chemistry/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2008-06-13
    Description: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that participate in the spatiotemporal regulation of messenger RNA and protein synthesis. Aberrant miRNA expression leads to developmental abnormalities and diseases, such as cardiovascular disorders and cancer; however, the stimuli and processes regulating miRNA biogenesis are largely unknown. The transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) family of growth factors orchestrates fundamental biological processes in development and in the homeostasis of adult tissues, including the vasculature. Here we show that induction of a contractile phenotype in human vascular smooth muscle cells by TGF-beta and BMPs is mediated by miR-21. miR-21 downregulates PDCD4 (programmed cell death 4), which in turn acts as a negative regulator of smooth muscle contractile genes. Surprisingly, TGF-beta and BMP signalling promotes a rapid increase in expression of mature miR-21 through a post-transcriptional step, promoting the processing of primary transcripts of miR-21 (pri-miR-21) into precursor miR-21 (pre-miR-21) by the DROSHA (also known as RNASEN) complex. TGF-beta- and BMP-specific SMAD signal transducers are recruited to pri-miR-21 in a complex with the RNA helicase p68 (also known as DDX5), a component of the DROSHA microprocessor complex. The shared cofactor SMAD4 is not required for this process. Thus, regulation of miRNA biogenesis by ligand-specific SMAD proteins is critical for control of the vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype and potentially for SMAD4-independent responses mediated by the TGF-beta and BMP signalling pathways.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2653422/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2653422/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Davis, Brandi N -- Hilyard, Aaron C -- Lagna, Giorgio -- Hata, Akiko -- HD042149/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HL082854/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL086572/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HD042149/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01 HD042149-05/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL082854/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL082854-03/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R21 HL086572/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R21 HL086572-02/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2008 Jul 3;454(7200):56-61. doi: 10.1038/nature07086. Epub 2008 Jun 11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18548003" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins/metabolism ; Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4 ; Bone Morphogenetic Proteins/metabolism/pharmacology ; Breast Neoplasms/genetics ; Cell Line ; Cercopithecus aethiops ; DEAD-box RNA Helicases/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects ; Humans ; Ligands ; Mice ; MicroRNAs/biosynthesis/*metabolism ; Muscle, Smooth/metabolism ; Phenotype ; Protein Binding ; *RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional ; RNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Ribonuclease III/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction/drug effects ; Smad Proteins/*metabolism ; Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism/pharmacology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2008-12-06
    Description: A high-fat diet causes activation of the regulatory protein c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase 1 (JNK1) and triggers development of insulin resistance. JNK1 is therefore a potential target for therapeutic treatment of metabolic syndrome. We explored the mechanism of JNK1 signaling by engineering mice in which the Jnk1 gene was ablated selectively in adipose tissue. JNK1 deficiency in adipose tissue suppressed high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance in the liver. JNK1-dependent secretion of the inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 by adipose tissue caused increased expression of liver SOCS3, a protein that induces hepatic insulin resistance. Thus, JNK1 activation in adipose tissue can cause insulin resistance in the liver.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2643026/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2643026/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sabio, Guadalupe -- Das, Madhumita -- Mora, Alfonso -- Zhang, Zhiyou -- Jun, John Y -- Ko, Hwi Jin -- Barrett, Tamera -- Kim, Jason K -- Davis, Roger J -- DK52530/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA065861/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA065861-14/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK080756/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Dec 5;322(5907):1539-43. doi: 10.1126/science.1160794.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19056984" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adipocytes/enzymology/*metabolism ; Adipose Tissue/enzymology/metabolism ; Animals ; Dietary Fats/administration & dosage ; Enzyme Activation ; Glucose/metabolism ; Insulin/metabolism ; Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins/metabolism ; *Insulin Resistance ; Interleukin-6/administration & dosage/metabolism ; Liver/*metabolism ; MAP Kinase Signaling System ; Mice ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 8/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism ; *Signal Transduction ; *Stress, Physiological ; Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling Proteins/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2008-03-29
    Description: Schizophrenia is a devastating neurodevelopmental disorder whose genetic influences remain elusive. We hypothesize that individually rare structural variants contribute to the illness. Microdeletions and microduplications 〉100 kilobases were identified by microarray comparative genomic hybridization of genomic DNA from 150 individuals with schizophrenia and 268 ancestry-matched controls. All variants were validated by high-resolution platforms. Novel deletions and duplications of genes were present in 5% of controls versus 15% of cases and 20% of young-onset cases, both highly significant differences. The association was independently replicated in patients with childhood-onset schizophrenia as compared with their parents. Mutations in cases disrupted genes disproportionately from signaling networks controlling neurodevelopment, including neuregulin and glutamate pathways. These results suggest that multiple, individually rare mutations altering genes in neurodevelopmental pathways contribute to schizophrenia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Walsh, Tom -- McClellan, Jon M -- McCarthy, Shane E -- Addington, Anjene M -- Pierce, Sarah B -- Cooper, Greg M -- Nord, Alex S -- Kusenda, Mary -- Malhotra, Dheeraj -- Bhandari, Abhishek -- Stray, Sunday M -- Rippey, Caitlin F -- Roccanova, Patricia -- Makarov, Vlad -- Lakshmi, B -- Findling, Robert L -- Sikich, Linmarie -- Stromberg, Thomas -- Merriman, Barry -- Gogtay, Nitin -- Butler, Philip -- Eckstrand, Kristen -- Noory, Laila -- Gochman, Peter -- Long, Robert -- Chen, Zugen -- Davis, Sean -- Baker, Carl -- Eichler, Evan E -- Meltzer, Paul S -- Nelson, Stanley F -- Singleton, Andrew B -- Lee, Ming K -- Rapoport, Judith L -- King, Mary-Claire -- Sebat, Jonathan -- HD043569/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- M01 RR000046/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- MH061355/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH061464/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH061528/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- NS052108/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 HD043569/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- RR000046/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- RR025014/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- U01 MH061355/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- U01 MH061464/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- U01 MH061528/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- U24 NS052108/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- UL1 RR025014/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Apr 25;320(5875):539-43. doi: 10.1126/science.1155174. Epub 2008 Mar 27.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18369103" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Age of Onset ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Brain/cytology/*growth & development/metabolism ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 1/chemistry/genetics/physiology ; Female ; *Gene Deletion ; *Gene Duplication ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genome, Human ; Humans ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Mutation ; Neurons/cytology/physiology ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor/chemistry/genetics/physiology ; Receptor, ErbB-4 ; Schizophrenia/*genetics/physiopathology ; Signal Transduction
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2008-03-08
    Description: Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common form of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. In the least curable (ABC) subtype of DLBCL, survival of the malignant cells is dependent on constitutive activation of the nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) signaling pathway. In normal B cells, antigen receptor-induced NF-kappaB activation requires CARD11, a cytoplasmic scaffolding protein. To determine whether CARD11 contributes to tumorigenesis, we sequenced the CARD11 gene in human DLBCL tumors. We detected missense mutations in 7 of 73 ABC DLBCL biopsies (9.6%), all within exons encoding the coiled-coil domain. Experimental introduction of CARD11 coiled-coil domain mutants into lymphoma cell lines resulted in constitutive NF-kappaB activation and enhanced NF-kappaB activity upon antigen receptor stimulation. These results demonstrate that CARD11 is a bona fide oncogenein DLBCL, providing a genetic rationale for the development of pharmacological inhibitors of the CARD11 pathway for DLBCL therapy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lenz, Georg -- Davis, R Eric -- Ngo, Vu N -- Lam, Lloyd -- George, Thaddeus C -- Wright, George W -- Dave, Sandeep S -- Zhao, Hong -- Xu, Weihong -- Rosenwald, Andreas -- Ott, German -- Muller-Hermelink, Hans Konrad -- Gascoyne, Randy D -- Connors, Joseph M -- Rimsza, Lisa M -- Campo, Elias -- Jaffe, Elaine S -- Delabie, Jan -- Smeland, Erlend B -- Fisher, Richard I -- Chan, Wing C -- Staudt, Louis M -- UO1-CA84967/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Mar 21;319(5870):1676-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1153629. Epub 2008 Mar 6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Metabolism Branch, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18323416" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; CARD Signaling Adaptor Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cytoplasm/metabolism ; Guanylate Cyclase/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; Humans ; I-kappa B Kinase/metabolism ; Jurkat Cells ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/*genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Mutation, Missense ; NF-kappa B ; *Oncogenes ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/physiology ; Sequence Analysis, DNA
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2008-05-03
    Description: Glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK3beta) is involved in metabolism, neurodegeneration, and cancer. Inhibition of GSK3beta activity is the primary mechanism that regulates this widely expressed active kinase. Although the protein kinase Akt inhibits GSK3beta by phosphorylation at the N terminus, preventing Akt-mediated phosphorylation does not affect the cell-survival pathway activated through the GSK3beta substrate beta-catenin. Here, we show that p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) also inactivates GSK3beta by direct phosphorylation at its C terminus, and this inactivation can lead to an accumulation of beta-catenin. p38 MAPK-mediated phosphorylation of GSK3beta occurs primarily in the brain and thymocytes. Activation of beta-catenin-mediated signaling through GSK3beta inhibition provides a potential mechanism for p38 MAPK-mediated survival in specific tissues.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2597039/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2597039/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Thornton, Tina M -- Pedraza-Alva, Gustavo -- Deng, Bin -- Wood, C David -- Aronshtam, Alexander -- Clements, James L -- Sabio, Guadalupe -- Davis, Roger J -- Matthews, Dwight E -- Doble, Bradley -- Rincon, Mercedes -- P20 RR021905/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- P20 RR15557/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- P20 RR16462/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI051454/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI051454-01A1/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI051454-02/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI051454-03/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI051454-04/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI051454-05/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 May 2;320(5876):667-70. doi: 10.1126/science.1156037.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine/Immunobiology Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405-0068, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18451303" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/enzymology ; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3/*antagonists & inhibitors/immunology/metabolism ; Humans ; Mice ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors/*metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism ; Serine/metabolism ; Thymus Gland/cytology/enzymology ; beta Catenin/metabolism ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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