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  • Mice  (108)
  • *Ecosystem  (37)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (145)
  • Springer
  • 2005-2009  (145)
  • 1985-1989
  • 1960-1964
  • 2009  (69)
  • 2005  (76)
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  • 2005-2009  (145)
  • 1985-1989
  • 1960-1964
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2009-03-07
    Description: Amazon forests are a key but poorly understood component of the global carbon cycle. If, as anticipated, they dry this century, they might accelerate climate change through carbon losses and changed surface energy balances. We used records from multiple long-term monitoring plots across Amazonia to assess forest responses to the intense 2005 drought, a possible analog of future events. Affected forest lost biomass, reversing a large long-term carbon sink, with the greatest impacts observed where the dry season was unusually intense. Relative to pre-2005 conditions, forest subjected to a 100-millimeter increase in water deficit lost 5.3 megagrams of aboveground biomass of carbon per hectare. The drought had a total biomass carbon impact of 1.2 to 1.6 petagrams (1.2 x 10(15) to 1.6 x 10(15) grams). Amazon forests therefore appear vulnerable to increasing moisture stress, with the potential for large carbon losses to exert feedback on climate change.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Phillips, Oliver L -- Aragao, Luiz E O C -- Lewis, Simon L -- Fisher, Joshua B -- Lloyd, Jon -- Lopez-Gonzalez, Gabriela -- Malhi, Yadvinder -- Monteagudo, Abel -- Peacock, Julie -- Quesada, Carlos A -- van der Heijden, Geertje -- Almeida, Samuel -- Amaral, Ieda -- Arroyo, Luzmila -- Aymard, Gerardo -- Baker, Tim R -- Banki, Olaf -- Blanc, Lilian -- Bonal, Damien -- Brando, Paulo -- Chave, Jerome -- de Oliveira, Atila Cristina Alves -- Cardozo, Nallaret Davila -- Czimczik, Claudia I -- Feldpausch, Ted R -- Freitas, Maria Aparecida -- Gloor, Emanuel -- Higuchi, Niro -- Jimenez, Eliana -- Lloyd, Gareth -- Meir, Patrick -- Mendoza, Casimiro -- Morel, Alexandra -- Neill, David A -- Nepstad, Daniel -- Patino, Sandra -- Penuela, Maria Cristina -- Prieto, Adriana -- Ramirez, Fredy -- Schwarz, Michael -- Silva, Javier -- Silveira, Marcos -- Thomas, Anne Sota -- Steege, Hans Ter -- Stropp, Juliana -- Vasquez, Rodolfo -- Zelazowski, Przemyslaw -- Alvarez Davila, Esteban -- Andelman, Sandy -- Andrade, Ana -- Chao, Kuo-Jung -- Erwin, Terry -- Di Fiore, Anthony -- Honorio C, Euridice -- Keeling, Helen -- Killeen, Tim J -- Laurance, William F -- Pena Cruz, Antonio -- Pitman, Nigel C A -- Nunez Vargas, Percy -- Ramirez-Angulo, Hirma -- Rudas, Agustin -- Salamao, Rafael -- Silva, Natalino -- Terborgh, John -- Torres-Lezama, Armando -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Mar 6;323(5919):1344-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1164033.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Ecology and Global Change, School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK. o.phillips@leeds.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19265020" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Atmosphere ; *Biomass ; Brazil ; Carbon ; Carbon Dioxide ; Climate ; *Droughts ; *Ecosystem ; South America ; *Trees/growth & development ; Tropical Climate
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2005-07-05
    Description: Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a multiserotype bacterial pathogen representing a major cause of life-threatening infections in newborns. To develop a broadly protective vaccine, we analyzed the genome sequences of eight GBS isolates and cloned and tested 312 surface proteins as vaccines. Four proteins elicited protection in mice, and their combination proved highly protective against a large panel of strains, including all circulating serotypes. Protection also correlated with antigen accessibility on the bacterial surface and with the induction of opsonophagocytic antibodies. Multigenome analysis and screening described here represent a powerful strategy for identifying potential vaccine candidates against highly variable pathogens.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1351092/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1351092/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Maione, Domenico -- Margarit, Immaculada -- Rinaudo, Cira D -- Masignani, Vega -- Mora, Marirosa -- Scarselli, Maria -- Tettelin, Herve -- Brettoni, Cecilia -- Iacobini, Emilia T -- Rosini, Roberto -- D'Agostino, Nunzio -- Miorin, Lisa -- Buccato, Scilla -- Mariani, Massimo -- Galli, Giuliano -- Nogarotto, Renzo -- Nardi-Dei, Vincenzo -- Vegni, Filipo -- Fraser, Claire -- Mancuso, Giuseppe -- Teti, Giuseppe -- Madoff, Lawrence C -- Paoletti, Lawrence C -- Rappuoli, Rino -- Kasper, Dennis L -- Telford, John L -- Grandi, Guido -- AI-060603/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01 AI060603/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jul 1;309(5731):148-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Chiron srl, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15994562" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Antibodies, Bacterial/biosynthesis ; Antigens, Bacterial/genetics/*immunology ; Antigens, Surface/genetics/immunology ; Bacterial Proteins/immunology ; Computational Biology ; Female ; *Genome, Bacterial ; Humans ; Immunity, Maternally-Acquired ; Mice ; Neutrophils/immunology ; Opsonin Proteins ; Phagocytosis ; Serotyping ; Streptococcal Infections/immunology/microbiology/*prevention & control ; Streptococcal Vaccines/*immunology ; Streptococcus agalactiae/classification/*genetics/*immunology ; Vaccination
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2009-03-03
    Description: Human colorectal cancers (CRCs) display a large number of genetic and epigenetic alterations, some of which are causally involved in tumorigenesis (drivers) and others that have little functional impact (passengers). To help distinguish between these two classes of alterations, we used a transposon-based genetic screen in mice to identify candidate genes for CRC. Mice harboring mutagenic Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposons were crossed with mice expressing SB transposase in gastrointestinal tract epithelium. Most of the offspring developed intestinal lesions, including intraepithelial neoplasia, adenomas, and adenocarcinomas. Analysis of over 16,000 transposon insertions identified 77 candidate CRC genes, 60 of which are mutated and/or dysregulated in human CRC and thus are most likely to drive tumorigenesis. These genes include APC, PTEN, and SMAD4. The screen also identified 17 candidate genes that had not previously been implicated in CRC, including POLI, PTPRK, and RSPO2.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2743559/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2743559/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Starr, Timothy K -- Allaei, Raha -- Silverstein, Kevin A T -- Staggs, Rodney A -- Sarver, Aaron L -- Bergemann, Tracy L -- Gupta, Mihir -- O'Sullivan, M Gerard -- Matise, Ilze -- Dupuy, Adam J -- Collier, Lara S -- Powers, Scott -- Oberg, Ann L -- Asmann, Yan W -- Thibodeau, Stephen N -- Tessarollo, Lino -- Copeland, Neal G -- Jenkins, Nancy A -- Cormier, Robert T -- Largaespada, David A -- R01 CA113636/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA113636-01A1/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Mar 27;323(5922):1747-50. doi: 10.1126/science.1163040. Epub 2009 Feb 26.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, Center for Genome Engineering, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA. star0044@umn.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19251594" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenocarcinoma/genetics/pathology ; Adenoma/genetics/pathology ; Animals ; Carcinoma in Situ/genetics/pathology ; Colorectal Neoplasms/*genetics/pathology ; Crosses, Genetic ; *DNA Transposable Elements ; Gene Amplification ; Gene Deletion ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Genes, APC ; *Genes, Neoplasm ; Genetic Testing ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Monte Carlo Method ; *Mutation ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; PTEN Phosphohydrolase/genetics ; Smad4 Protein/genetics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2009-03-28
    Description: In the early stages of viral infection, outcomes depend on a race between expansion of infection and the immune response generated to contain it. We combined in situ tetramer staining with in situ hybridization to visualize, map, and quantify relationships between immune effector cells and their targets in tissues. In simian immunodeficiency virus infections in macaques and lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infections in mice, the magnitude and timing of the establishment of an excess of effector cells versus targets were found to correlate with the extent of control and the infection outcome (i.e., control and clearance versus partial or poor control and persistent infection). This method highlights the importance of the location, timing, and magnitude of the immune response needed for a vaccine to be effective against agents of persistent infection, such as HIV-1.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2753492/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2753492/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Li, Qingsheng -- Skinner, Pamela J -- Ha, Sang-Jun -- Duan, Lijie -- Mattila, Teresa L -- Hage, Aaron -- White, Cara -- Barber, Daniel L -- O'Mara, Leigh -- Southern, Peter J -- Reilly, Cavan S -- Carlis, John V -- Miller, Christopher J -- Ahmed, Rafi -- Haase, Ashley T -- AI066314/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI20048/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI48484/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P01 AI066314/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P01 AI066314-010003/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P01 AI066314-020003/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P01 AI066314-030003/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P01 AI066314-040003/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P51 RR000169/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- P51 RR000169-430198/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI048484/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI048484-01/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI048484-02/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI048484-03/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI048484-04/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- RR00169/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Mar 27;323(5922):1726-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1168676.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19325114" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arenaviridae Infections/*immunology/virology ; Cell Count ; Cervix Uteri/immunology/virology ; Female ; In Situ Hybridization ; Lymph Nodes/immunology/virology ; Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus/*immunology ; Lymphoid Tissue/immunology/virology ; Macaca mulatta ; Mice ; RNA, Viral/analysis ; Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*immunology/virology ; Simian Immunodeficiency Virus/*immunology/physiology ; Spleen/immunology/virology ; Staining and Labeling ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/*immunology ; Time Factors ; Vagina/immunology/virology ; Virus Replication
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2009-01-10
    Description: The mammalian innate immune system is activated by foreign nucleic acids. Detection of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) in the cytoplasm triggers characteristic antiviral responses and macrophage cell death. Cytoplasmic dsDNA rapidly activated caspase 3 and caspase 1 in bone marrow-derived macrophages. We identified the HIN-200 family member and candidate lupus susceptibility factor, p202, as a dsDNA binding protein that bound stably and rapidly to transfected DNA. Knockdown studies showed p202 to be an inhibitor of DNA-induced caspase activation. Conversely, the related pyrin domain-containing HIN-200 factor, AIM2 (p210), was required for caspase activation by cytoplasmic dsDNA. This work indicates that HIN-200 proteins can act as pattern recognition receptors mediating responses to cytoplasmic dsDNA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Roberts, Tara L -- Idris, Adi -- Dunn, Jasmyn A -- Kelly, Greg M -- Burnton, Carol M -- Hodgson, Samantha -- Hardy, Lani L -- Garceau, Valerie -- Sweet, Matthew J -- Ross, Ian L -- Hume, David A -- Stacey, Katryn J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Feb 20;323(5917):1057-60. doi: 10.1126/science.1169841. Epub 2009 Jan 8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The University of Queensland, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, QLD 4072, Australia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19131592" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Caspase 1/*metabolism ; Caspase 3/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cytoplasm/*metabolism ; DNA/immunology/*metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/isolation & purification/metabolism ; Enzyme Activation ; Immunity, Innate ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/chemistry/genetics/isolation & ; purification/*metabolism ; Macrophages/immunology/*metabolism ; Membrane Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; RNA, Small Interfering ; Receptors, Pattern Recognition/*metabolism ; Symporters ; Transfection
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2009-10-10
    Description: Neurons in the central nervous system (CNS) lose their ability to regenerate early in development, but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. By screening genes developmentally regulated in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), we identified Kruppel-like factor-4 (KLF4) as a transcriptional repressor of axon growth in RGCs and other CNS neurons. RGCs lacking KLF4 showed increased axon growth both in vitro and after optic nerve injury in vivo. Related KLF family members suppressed or enhanced axon growth to differing extents, and several growth-suppressive KLFs were up-regulated postnatally, whereas growth-enhancing KLFs were down-regulated. Thus, coordinated activities of different KLFs regulate the regenerative capacity of CNS neurons.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2882032/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2882032/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Moore, Darcie L -- Blackmore, Murray G -- Hu, Ying -- Kaestner, Klaus H -- Bixby, John L -- Lemmon, Vance P -- Goldberg, Jeffrey L -- P30 EY014801/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS059866/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS059866-01A2/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS061348/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS061348-01A2/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS061348-02/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS061348-03/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS061348-04/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R03 EY016790/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R03 EY016790-01/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R03 EY016790-02/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R03 EY016790-03/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- T32 NS007459/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- T32 NS07492/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Oct 9;326(5950):298-301. doi: 10.1126/science.1175737.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19815778" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Axons/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Cell Count ; Cell Survival ; Cells, Cultured ; Down-Regulation ; Gene Knockout Techniques ; Growth Cones/physiology ; Hippocampus/cytology/physiology ; Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors/genetics/*physiology ; Mice ; Nerve Crush ; Nerve Regeneration ; Neurites/physiology ; Neurons/*physiology ; Optic Nerve Injuries/physiopathology ; Rats ; Retinal Ganglion Cells/cytology/*physiology ; Transcription, Genetic ; Transfection ; Up-Regulation
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2005-12-17
    Description: Lighter variations of pigmentation in humans are associated with diminished number, size, and density of melanosomes, the pigmented organelles of melanocytes. Here we show that zebrafish golden mutants share these melanosomal changes and that golden encodes a putative cation exchanger slc24a5 (nckx5) that localizes to an intracellular membrane, likely the melanosome or its precursor. The human ortholog is highly similar in sequence and functional in zebrafish. The evolutionarily conserved ancestral allele of a human coding polymorphism predominates in African and East Asian populations. In contrast, the variant allele is nearly fixed in European populations, is associated with a substantial reduction in regional heterozygosity, and correlates with lighter skin pigmentation in admixed populations, suggesting a key role for the SLC24A5 gene in human pigmentation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lamason, Rebecca L -- Mohideen, Manzoor-Ali P K -- Mest, Jason R -- Wong, Andrew C -- Norton, Heather L -- Aros, Michele C -- Jurynec, Michael J -- Mao, Xianyun -- Humphreville, Vanessa R -- Humbert, Jasper E -- Sinha, Soniya -- Moore, Jessica L -- Jagadeeswaran, Pudur -- Zhao, Wei -- Ning, Gang -- Makalowska, Izabela -- McKeigue, Paul M -- O'donnell, David -- Kittles, Rick -- Parra, Esteban J -- Mangini, Nancy J -- Grunwald, David J -- Shriver, Mark D -- Canfield, Victor A -- Cheng, Keith C -- CA73935/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- EY11308/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- HD37572/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HD40179/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HG002154/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- HL077910/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- RR017441/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Dec 16;310(5755):1782-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Jake Gittlen Cancer Research Foundation, Department of Pathology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16357253" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: African Americans/genetics ; African Continental Ancestry Group/genetics ; Alanine/genetics ; Alleles ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antiporters/chemistry/*genetics/physiology ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group/genetics ; Biological Evolution ; Calcium/metabolism ; European Continental Ancestry Group/genetics ; Gene Frequency ; Genes ; Genetic Variation ; Haplotypes ; Heterozygote ; Humans ; Ion Transport ; Melanins/analysis ; Melanosomes/chemistry/ultrastructure ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Multifactorial Inheritance ; Mutation ; Pigment Epithelium of Eye/chemistry/ultrastructure ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Selection, Genetic ; Skin Pigmentation/*genetics ; Threonine/genetics ; Zebrafish/embryology/*genetics/metabolism ; Zebrafish Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/physiology
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2005-03-19
    Description: Type VII collagen defects cause recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB), a blistering skin disorder often accompanied by epidermal cancers. To study the role of collagen VII in these cancers, we examined Ras-driven tumorigenesis in RDEB keratinocytes. Cells devoid of collagen VII did not form tumors in mice, whereas those retaining a specific collagen VII fragment (the amino-terminal noncollagenous domain NC1) were tumorigenic. Forced NC1 expression restored tumorigenicity to collagen VII-null epidermis in a non-cell-autonomous fashion. Fibronectin-like sequences within NC1 (FNC1) promoted tumor cell invasion in a laminin 5-dependent manner and were required for tumorigenesis. Tumor-stroma interactions mediated by collagen VII thus promote neoplasia, and retention of NC1 sequences in a subset of RDEB patients may contribute to their increased susceptibility to squamous cell carcinoma.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ortiz-Urda, Susana -- Garcia, John -- Green, Cheryl L -- Chen, Lei -- Lin, Qun -- Veitch, Dallas P -- Sakai, Lynn Y -- Lee, Hyangkyu -- Marinkovich, M Peter -- Khavari, Paul A -- AR43799/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- AR44012/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Mar 18;307(5716):1773-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉VA Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15774758" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Animals ; Antibodies/immunology ; Apoptosis ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/etiology/*physiopathology ; Cell Adhesion Molecules/immunology/metabolism ; Cell Proliferation ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; Child ; Collagen Type VII/chemistry/*genetics/immunology/*physiology ; Disease Susceptibility ; Epidermolysis Bullosa Dystrophica/complications/*genetics/metabolism/pathology ; Female ; *Genes, ras ; Humans ; I-kappa B Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Keratinocytes/*metabolism/pathology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, SCID ; Middle Aged ; Mutation ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Skin Neoplasms/etiology/pathology/*physiopathology
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2005-11-08
    Description: Local catabolism of the amino acid tryptophan (Trp) by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) is considered an important mechanism of regulating T cell immunity. We show that IDO transcription was increased when myelin-specific T cells were stimulated with tolerogenic altered self-peptides. Catabolites of Trp suppressed proliferation of myelin-specific T cells and inhibited production of proinflammatory T helper-1 (T(H)1) cytokines. N-(3,4,-Dimethoxycinnamoyl) anthranilic acid (3,4-DAA), an orally active synthetic derivative of the Trp metabolite anthranilic acid, reversed paralysis in mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, a model of multiple sclerosis (MS). Trp catabolites and their derivatives offer a new strategy for treating T(H)1-mediated autoimmune diseases such as MS.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Platten, Michael -- Ho, Peggy P -- Youssef, Sawsan -- Fontoura, Paulo -- Garren, Hideki -- Hur, Eun Mi -- Gupta, Rohit -- Lee, Lowen Y -- Kidd, Brian A -- Robinson, William H -- Sobel, Raymond A -- Selley, Michael L -- Steinman, Lawrence -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Nov 4;310(5749):850-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Beckman Center for Molecular Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. michael.platten@uni-tuebingen.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16272121" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adoptive Transfer ; Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/administration & ; dosage/pharmacology/*therapeutic use ; Antigen-Presenting Cells/drug effects/immunology ; Brain/pathology ; Cell Line ; Cytokines/biosynthesis ; Disease Models, Animal ; Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/*drug therapy/immunology ; Female ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/immunology/metabolism ; Immune Tolerance ; Immunosuppressive Agents/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase/genetics/metabolism ; Interferon-gamma/immunology ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Microglia/drug effects/immunology ; Multiple Sclerosis/drug therapy/immunology/pathology ; Myelin Proteins/immunology ; Signal Transduction ; Spinal Cord/pathology ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Th1 Cells/immunology ; Th2 Cells/immunology ; Tryptophan/*metabolism ; ortho-Aminobenzoates/administration & dosage/pharmacology/*therapeutic use
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2005-02-26
    Description: We identified axonal defects in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease that preceded known disease-related pathology by more than a year; we observed similar axonal defects in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease in humans. Axonal defects consisted of swellings that accumulated abnormal amounts of microtubule-associated and molecular motor proteins, organelles, and vesicles. Impairing axonal transport by reducing the dosage of a kinesin molecular motor protein enhanced the frequency of axonal defects and increased amyloid-beta peptide levels and amyloid deposition. Reductions in microtubule-dependent transport may stimulate proteolytic processing of beta-amyloid precursor protein, resulting in the development of senile plaques and Alzheimer's disease.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stokin, Gorazd B -- Lillo, Concepcion -- Falzone, Tomas L -- Brusch, Richard G -- Rockenstein, Edward -- Mount, Stephanie L -- Raman, Rema -- Davies, Peter -- Masliah, Eliezer -- Williams, David S -- Goldstein, Lawrence S B -- EY12598/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- EY13408/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- P50 AG05131/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY007042/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY007042-19/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY013408/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY013408-02/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Feb 25;307(5713):1282-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego (UCSD), 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15731448" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Alzheimer Disease/genetics/*metabolism/*pathology ; Amyloid beta-Peptides/metabolism ; Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor/metabolism ; Animals ; *Axonal Transport ; Axons/*pathology/physiology ; Basal Nucleus of Meynert/pathology ; Brain/*metabolism/*pathology ; Cells, Cultured ; Cytoplasmic Vesicles/ultrastructure ; Female ; Hippocampus ; Humans ; Kinesin/metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C3H ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Neurons/metabolism ; Organelles/ultrastructure ; Plaque, Amyloid/pathology ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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