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  • Articles  (222)
  • Animals  (211)
  • Female  (53)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (222)
  • 2000-2004  (222)
  • 2003  (222)
  • Biology  (222)
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  • Articles  (222)
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  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (222)
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  • 2000-2004  (222)
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  • 1
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    Prevention of organ allograft rejection by a specific Janus kinase 3 inhibitor (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-11-01
    Description: Because of its requirement for signaling by multiple cytokines, Janus kinase 3 (JAK3) is an excellent target for clinical immunosuppression. We report the development of a specific, orally active inhibitor of JAK3, CP-690,550, that significantly prolonged survival in a murine model of heart transplantation and in cynomolgus monkeys receiving kidney transplants. CP-690,550 treatment was not associated with hypertension, hyperlipidemia, or lymphoproliferative disease. On the basis of these preclinical results, we believe JAK3 blockade by CP-690,550 has potential for therapeutically desirable immunosuppression in human organ transplantation and in other clinical settings.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Changelian, Paul S -- Flanagan, Mark E -- Ball, Douglas J -- Kent, Craig R -- Magnuson, Kelly S -- Martin, William H -- Rizzuti, Bonnie J -- Sawyer, Perry S -- Perry, Bret D -- Brissette, William H -- McCurdy, Sandra P -- Kudlacz, Elizabeth M -- Conklyn, Maryrose J -- Elliott, Eileen A -- Koslov, Erika R -- Fisher, Michael B -- Strelevitz, Timothy J -- Yoon, Kwansik -- Whipple, David A -- Sun, Jianmin -- Munchhof, Michael J -- Doty, John L -- Casavant, Jeffrey M -- Blumenkopf, Todd A -- Hines, Michael -- Brown, Matthew F -- Lillie, Brett M -- Subramanyam, Chakrapani -- Shang-Poa, Chang -- Milici, Anthony J -- Beckius, Gretchen E -- Moyer, James D -- Su, Chunyan -- Woodworth, Thasia G -- Gaweco, Anderson S -- Beals, Chan R -- Littman, Bruce H -- Fisher, Douglas A -- Smith, James F -- Zagouras, Panayiotis -- Magna, Holly A -- Saltarelli, Mary J -- Johnson, Kimberly S -- Nelms, Linda F -- Des Etages, Shelley G -- Hayes, Lisa S -- Kawabata, Thomas T -- Finco-Kent, Deborah -- Baker, Deanna L -- Larson, Michael -- Si, Ming-Sing -- Paniagua, Ricardo -- Higgins, John -- Holm, Bari -- Reitz, Bruce -- Zhou, Yong-Jie -- Morris, Randall E -- O'Shea, John J -- Borie, Dominic C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Oct 31;302(5646):875-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Immunology Group, Department of Antibacterials and Immunology, Pfizer Global Researchand Development, Groton, CT 06340, USA. paul_s_changelian@groton.pfizer.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14593182" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Enzyme Inhibitors/administration & dosage/pharmacology/therapeutic use/toxicity ; Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects ; Graft Rejection/*prevention & control ; Graft Survival/drug effects ; *Heart Transplantation ; Humans ; Immunosuppressive Agents/administration & dosage/*pharmacology/therapeutic ; use/toxicity ; Interleukin-2/immunology ; Janus Kinase 3 ; *Kidney Transplantation ; Lymphocyte Activation/drug effects ; Lymphocyte Count ; Lymphocyte Culture Test, Mixed ; Lymphocyte Subsets/drug effects ; Macaca fascicularis ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Inbred DBA ; Myocardium/metabolism ; Piperidines ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/*antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Pyrimidines/administration & dosage/*pharmacology/therapeutic use/toxicity ; Pyrroles/administration & dosage/*pharmacology/therapeutic use/toxicity ; Transplantation, Heterotopic ; Transplantation, Homologous ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    Human chromosome 7: DNA sequence and biology (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-04-12
    Description: DNA sequence and annotation of the entire human chromosome 7, encompassing nearly 158 million nucleotides of DNA and 1917 gene structures, are presented. To generate a higher order description, additional structural features such as imprinted genes, fragile sites, and segmental duplications were integrated at the level of the DNA sequence with medical genetic data, including 440 chromosome rearrangement breakpoints associated with disease. This approach enabled the discovery of candidate genes for developmental diseases including autism.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2882961/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2882961/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Scherer, Stephen W -- Cheung, Joseph -- MacDonald, Jeffrey R -- Osborne, Lucy R -- Nakabayashi, Kazuhiko -- Herbrick, Jo-Anne -- Carson, Andrew R -- Parker-Katiraee, Layla -- Skaug, Jennifer -- Khaja, Razi -- Zhang, Junjun -- Hudek, Alexander K -- Li, Martin -- Haddad, May -- Duggan, Gavin E -- Fernandez, Bridget A -- Kanematsu, Emiko -- Gentles, Simone -- Christopoulos, Constantine C -- Choufani, Sanaa -- Kwasnicka, Dorota -- Zheng, Xiangqun H -- Lai, Zhongwu -- Nusskern, Deborah -- Zhang, Qing -- Gu, Zhiping -- Lu, Fu -- Zeesman, Susan -- Nowaczyk, Malgorzata J -- Teshima, Ikuko -- Chitayat, David -- Shuman, Cheryl -- Weksberg, Rosanna -- Zackai, Elaine H -- Grebe, Theresa A -- Cox, Sarah R -- Kirkpatrick, Susan J -- Rahman, Nazneen -- Friedman, Jan M -- Heng, Henry H Q -- Pelicci, Pier Giuseppe -- Lo-Coco, Francesco -- Belloni, Elena -- Shaffer, Lisa G -- Pober, Barbara -- Morton, Cynthia C -- Gusella, James F -- Bruns, Gail A P -- Korf, Bruce R -- Quade, Bradley J -- Ligon, Azra H -- Ferguson, Heather -- Higgins, Anne W -- Leach, Natalia T -- Herrick, Steven R -- Lemyre, Emmanuelle -- Farra, Chantal G -- Kim, Hyung-Goo -- Summers, Anne M -- Gripp, Karen W -- Roberts, Wendy -- Szatmari, Peter -- Winsor, Elizabeth J T -- Grzeschik, Karl-Heinz -- Teebi, Ahmed -- Minassian, Berge A -- Kere, Juha -- Armengol, Lluis -- Pujana, Miguel Angel -- Estivill, Xavier -- Wilson, Michael D -- Koop, Ben F -- Tosi, Sabrina -- Moore, Gudrun E -- Boright, Andrew P -- Zlotorynski, Eitan -- Kerem, Batsheva -- Kroisel, Peter M -- Petek, Erwin -- Oscier, David G -- Mould, Sarah J -- Dohner, Hartmut -- Dohner, Konstanze -- Rommens, Johanna M -- Vincent, John B -- Venter, J Craig -- Li, Peter W -- Mural, Richard J -- Adams, Mark D -- Tsui, Lap-Chee -- 38103/Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada -- P01 GM061354/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 May 2;300(5620):767-72. Epub 2003 Apr 10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics and Genomic Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 1X8. steve@genet.sickkids.on.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12690205" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Autistic Disorder/genetics ; Chromosome Aberrations ; Chromosome Fragile Sites ; Chromosome Fragility ; Chromosome Mapping ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 7/*genetics ; Computational Biology ; Congenital Abnormalities/genetics ; CpG Islands ; DNA, Complementary ; Databases, Genetic ; Euchromatin/genetics ; Expressed Sequence Tags ; Gene Duplication ; Genes, Overlapping ; Genetic Diseases, Inborn/genetics ; Genomic Imprinting ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Limb Deformities, Congenital/genetics ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Neoplasms/genetics ; Pseudogenes ; RNA/genetics ; Retroelements ; *Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Williams Syndrome/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    The Genome sequence of the SARS-associated coronavirus (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-05-06
    Description: We sequenced the 29,751-base genome of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-associated coronavirus known as the Tor2 isolate. The genome sequence reveals that this coronavirus is only moderately related to other known coronaviruses, including two human coronaviruses, HCoV-OC43 and HCoV-229E. Phylogenetic analysis of the predicted viral proteins indicates that the virus does not closely resemble any of the three previously known groups of coronaviruses. The genome sequence will aid in the diagnosis of SARS virus infection in humans and potential animal hosts (using polymerase chain reaction and immunological tests), in the development of antivirals (including neutralizing antibodies), and in the identification of putative epitopes for vaccine development.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marra, Marco A -- Jones, Steven J M -- Astell, Caroline R -- Holt, Robert A -- Brooks-Wilson, Angela -- Butterfield, Yaron S N -- Khattra, Jaswinder -- Asano, Jennifer K -- Barber, Sarah A -- Chan, Susanna Y -- Cloutier, Alison -- Coughlin, Shaun M -- Freeman, Doug -- Girn, Noreen -- Griffith, Obi L -- Leach, Stephen R -- Mayo, Michael -- McDonald, Helen -- Montgomery, Stephen B -- Pandoh, Pawan K -- Petrescu, Anca S -- Robertson, A Gordon -- Schein, Jacqueline E -- Siddiqui, Asim -- Smailus, Duane E -- Stott, Jeff M -- Yang, George S -- Plummer, Francis -- Andonov, Anton -- Artsob, Harvey -- Bastien, Nathalie -- Bernard, Kathy -- Booth, Timothy F -- Bowness, Donnie -- Czub, Martin -- Drebot, Michael -- Fernando, Lisa -- Flick, Ramon -- Garbutt, Michael -- Gray, Michael -- Grolla, Allen -- Jones, Steven -- Feldmann, Heinz -- Meyers, Adrienne -- Kabani, Amin -- Li, Yan -- Normand, Susan -- Stroher, Ute -- Tipples, Graham A -- Tyler, Shaun -- Vogrig, Robert -- Ward, Diane -- Watson, Brynn -- Brunham, Robert C -- Krajden, Mel -- Petric, Martin -- Skowronski, Danuta M -- Upton, Chris -- Roper, Rachel L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 May 30;300(5624):1399-404. Epub 2003 May 1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉British Columbia Cancer Agency (BCCA) Genome Sciences Centre, 600 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4E6, Canada. mmarra@bccgsc.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12730501" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 3' Untranslated Regions ; 5' Untranslated Regions ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Conserved Sequence ; Coronavirus/classification/genetics ; DNA, Complementary ; Frameshifting, Ribosomal ; *Genome, Viral ; Humans ; Membrane Glycoproteins/chemistry/genetics ; Nucleocapsid Proteins/chemistry/genetics ; Open Reading Frames ; Phylogeny ; RNA Replicase/chemistry/genetics ; RNA, Viral/*genetics/isolation & purification ; Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; SARS Virus/classification/*genetics/isolation & purification ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome/virology ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus ; Viral Envelope Proteins/chemistry/genetics ; Viral Matrix Proteins/chemistry/genetics ; Viral Proteins/chemistry/*genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Inferring nonneutral evolution from human-chimp-mouse orthologous gene trios (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-12-13
    Description: Even though human and chimpanzee gene sequences are nearly 99% identical, sequence comparisons can nevertheless be highly informative in identifying biologically important changes that have occurred since our ancestral lineages diverged. We analyzed alignments of 7645 chimpanzee gene sequences to their human and mouse orthologs. These three-species sequence alignments allowed us to identify genes undergoing natural selection along the human and chimp lineage by fitting models that include parameters specifying rates of synonymous and nonsynonymous nucleotide substitution. This evolutionary approach revealed an informative set of genes with significantly different patterns of substitution on the human lineage compared with the chimpanzee and mouse lineages. Partitions of genes into inferred biological classes identified accelerated evolution in several functional classes, including olfaction and nuclear transport. In addition to suggesting adaptive physiological differences between chimps and humans, human-accelerated genes are significantly more likely to underlie major known Mendelian disorders.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Clark, Andrew G -- Glanowski, Stephen -- Nielsen, Rasmus -- Thomas, Paul D -- Kejariwal, Anish -- Todd, Melissa A -- Tanenbaum, David M -- Civello, Daniel -- Lu, Fu -- Murphy, Brian -- Ferriera, Steve -- Wang, Gary -- Zheng, Xianqgun -- White, Thomas J -- Sninsky, John J -- Adams, Mark D -- Cargill, Michele -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Dec 12;302(5652):1960-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14671302" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Active Transport, Cell Nucleus/genetics ; Amino Acids/metabolism ; Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Computational Biology ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Female ; Genes ; Genetic Diseases, Inborn/genetics ; *Genome ; *Genome, Human ; Humans ; Likelihood Functions ; Male ; Mice/genetics ; Models, Genetic ; Models, Statistical ; Mutation ; Pan troglodytes/*genetics ; Phylogeny ; Proteins/chemistry/genetics ; Pseudogenes ; Receptors, Odorant/genetics ; *Selection, Genetic ; Sequence Alignment ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ; Signal Transduction/genetics ; Smell/genetics ; Species Specificity
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Inactivation of TNF signaling by rationally designed dominant-negative TNF variants (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-09-27
    Description: Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a key regulator of inflammatory responses and has been implicated in many pathological conditions. We used structure-based design to engineer variant TNF proteins that rapidly form heterotrimers with native TNF to give complexes that neither bind to nor stimulate signaling through TNF receptors. Thus, TNF is inactivated by sequestration. Dominant-negative TNFs represent a possible approach to anti-inflammatory biotherapeutics, and experiments in animal models show that the strategy can attenuate TNF-mediated pathology. Similar rational design could be used to engineer inhibitors of additional TNF superfamily cytokines as well as other multimeric ligands.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Steed, Paul M -- Tansey, Malu G -- Zalevsky, Jonathan -- Zhukovsky, Eugene A -- Desjarlais, John R -- Szymkowski, David E -- Abbott, Christina -- Carmichael, David -- Chan, Cheryl -- Cherry, Lisa -- Cheung, Peter -- Chirino, Arthur J -- Chung, Hyo H -- Doberstein, Stephen K -- Eivazi, Araz -- Filikov, Anton V -- Gao, Sarah X -- Hubert, Rene S -- Hwang, Marian -- Hyun, Linus -- Kashi, Sandhya -- Kim, Alice -- Kim, Esther -- Kung, James -- Martinez, Sabrina P -- Muchhal, Umesh S -- Nguyen, Duc-Hanh T -- O'Brien, Christopher -- O'Keefe, Donald -- Singer, Karen -- Vafa, Omid -- Vielmetter, Jost -- Yoder, Sean C -- Dahiyat, Bassil I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Sep 26;301(5641):1895-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Xencor, 111 West Lemon Avenue, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14512626" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Substitution ; Animals ; Antigens, CD/metabolism ; Apoptosis ; Arthritis, Experimental/drug therapy ; Biopolymers ; Caspases/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Computer Simulation ; Disease Progression ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Female ; Galactosamine/pharmacology ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Liver/drug effects ; NF-kappa B/metabolism ; Point Mutation ; *Protein Engineering ; Rats ; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/metabolism ; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I ; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II ; *Signal Transduction ; Transcription Factor RelA ; Transcription, Genetic ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/*antagonists & ; inhibitors/genetics/metabolism/*pharmacology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Role of Raf in vascular protection from distinct apoptotic stimuli (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-07-05
    Description: Raf kinases have been linked to endothelial cell survival. Here, we show that basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) differentially activate Raf, resulting in protection from distinct pathways of apoptosis in human endothelial cells and chick embryo vasculature. bFGF activated Raf-1 via p21-activated protein kinase-1 (PAK-1) phosphorylation of serines 338 and 339, resulting in Raf-1 mitochondrial translocation and endothelial cell protection from the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis, independent of the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase-1 (MEK1). In contrast, VEGF activated Raf-1 via Src kinase, leading to phosphorylation of tyrosines 340 and 341 and MEK1-dependent protection from extrinsic-mediated apoptosis. These findings implicate Raf-1 as a pivotal regulator of endothelial cell survival during angiogenesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Alavi, Alireza -- Hood, John D -- Frausto, Ricardo -- Stupack, Dwayne G -- Cheresh, David A -- CA45726/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA50286/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA75924/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01 CA78045/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jul 4;301(5629):94-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Immunology, Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12843393" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Apoptosis ; Cell Survival ; Cells, Cultured ; Chick Embryo ; Endothelial Growth Factors/pharmacology ; Endothelium, Vascular/*cytology/drug effects ; Enzyme Activation ; Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Fibroblast Growth Factor 2/pharmacology ; Flavonoids/pharmacology ; Humans ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/pharmacology ; Lymphokines/pharmacology ; MAP Kinase Kinase 1 ; Mitochondria/metabolism ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1/metabolism ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; *Neovascularization, Physiologic/drug effects ; Phosphorylation ; Point Mutation ; Protein Transport ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Umbilical Veins ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors ; p21-Activated Kinases ; src-Family Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    An ostracode crustacean with soft parts from the Lower Silurian (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-12-06
    Description: An exceptionally well-preserved ostracode from the Silurian of Herefordshire, United Kingdom, provides a rare view of the fossilized soft-part anatomy of this important group of living crustaceans and confirms that Ostracoda were extant in the Paleozoic. The fossil has striking similarity to the extant myodocopid family Cylindroleberididae, to which it is assigned, and demonstrates remarkable evolutionary stasis over 425 million years. The fossil is identified as a male on the basis of its copulatory organ.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Siveter, David J -- Sutton, Mark D -- Briggs, Derek E G -- Siveter, Derek J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Dec 5;302(5651):1749-51.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Geology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK. djs@leicester.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14657495" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Crustacea/*anatomy & histology/classification ; *Fossils ; Great Britain ; Paleontology ; Time
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Hematopoietic cell regulation by Rac1 and Rac2 guanosine triphosphatases (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-10-18
    Description: The Rho guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases) Rac1 and Rac2 are critical signaling regulators in mammalian cells. The deletion of both Rac1 and Rac2 murine alleles leads to a massive egress of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSC/Ps) into the blood from the marrow, whereas Rac1-/- but not Rac2-/- HSC/Ps fail to engraft in the bone marrow of irradiated recipient mice. In contrast, Rac2, but not Rac1, regulates superoxide production and directed migration in neutrophils, and in each cell type, the two GTPases play distinct roles in actin organization, cell survival, and proliferation. Thus, Rac1 and Rac2 regulate unique aspects of hematopoietic development and function.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gu, Yi -- Filippi, Marie-Dominique -- Cancelas, Jose A -- Siefring, Jamie E -- Williams, Emily P -- Jasti, Aparna C -- Harris, Chad E -- Lee, Andrew W -- Prabhakar, Rethinasamy -- Atkinson, Simon J -- Kwiatkowski, David J -- Williams, David A -- DK62757/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Oct 17;302(5644):445-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Experimental Hematology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14564009" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actins/metabolism ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; Bone Marrow Transplantation ; Cell Adhesion ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Movement ; Cell Size ; Colony-Forming Units Assay ; Cyclin D1/metabolism ; Fibronectins/metabolism ; Hematopoiesis ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Mobilization ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells/*physiology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred NOD ; Mice, SCID ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Neutrophils/*physiology ; *Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt ; Recombination, Genetic ; Signal Transduction ; Stem Cell Factor/pharmacology ; Superoxides/metabolism ; rac GTP-Binding Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; rac1 GTP-Binding Protein/genetics/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Long-term ecosystem response to the Exxon Valdez oil spill (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-12-20
    Description: The ecosystem response to the 1989 spill of oil from the Exxon Valdez into Prince William Sound, Alaska, shows that current practices for assessing ecological risks of oil in the oceans and, by extension, other toxic sources should be changed. Previously, it was assumed that impacts to populations derive almost exclusively from acute mortality. However, in the Alaskan coastal ecosystem, unexpected persistence of toxic subsurface oil and chronic exposures, even at sublethal levels, have continued to affect wildlife. Delayed population reductions and cascades of indirect effects postponed recovery. Development of ecosystem-based toxicology is required to understand and ultimately predict chronic, delayed, and indirect long-term risks and impacts.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Peterson, Charles H -- Rice, Stanley D -- Short, Jeffrey W -- Esler, Daniel -- Bodkin, James L -- Ballachey, Brenda E -- Irons, David B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Dec 19;302(5653):2082-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Institute of Marine Sciences, Morehead City, NC 28557, USA. cpeters@email.unc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14684812" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alaska ; Animals ; Animals, Wild/*physiology ; *Ecosystem ; *Environmental Pollution ; Geologic Sediments ; Petroleum/*toxicity ; Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic/*toxicity ; Population Density ; Reproduction ; Time Factors ; Toxicity Tests ; Water Pollution/*adverse effects
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Phylogenetic shadowing of primate sequences to find functional regions of the human genome (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-03-01
    Description: Nonhuman primates represent the most relevant model organisms to understand the biology of Homo sapiens. The recent divergence and associated overall sequence conservation between individual members of this taxon have nonetheless largely precluded the use of primates in comparative sequence studies. We used sequence comparisons of an extensive set of Old World and New World monkeys and hominoids to identify functional regions in the human genome. Analysis of these data enabled the discovery of primate-specific gene regulatory elements and the demarcation of the exons of multiple genes. Much of the information content of the comprehensive primate sequence comparisons could be captured with a small subset of phylogenetically close primates. These results demonstrate the utility of intraprimate sequence comparisons to discover common mammalian as well as primate-specific functional elements in the human genome, which are unattainable through the evaluation of more evolutionarily distant species.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Boffelli, Dario -- McAuliffe, Jon -- Ovcharenko, Dmitriy -- Lewis, Keith D -- Ovcharenko, Ivan -- Pachter, Lior -- Rubin, Edward M -- HL66728/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01-HG02362-01/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Feb 28;299(5611):1391-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA 94598, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12610304" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Apolipoproteins A/genetics ; Biological Evolution ; Cebidae/genetics ; Cercopithecidae/genetics ; Computational Biology ; Conserved Sequence ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay ; Exons ; Gene Expression Regulation ; *Genome ; *Genome, Human ; Hominidae/genetics ; Humans ; Hylobates/genetics ; Likelihood Functions ; *Phylogeny ; Primates/*genetics ; Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; *Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Species Specificity ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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