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  • Mutation  (42)
  • Theoretical, Physical and Computational Chemistry  (38)
  • ASTROPHYSICS
  • Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
  • 1995-1999  (97)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1998  (97)
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  • 1995-1999  (97)
  • 1980-1984
Year
  • 1
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    Mutation-specific functional impairments in distinct tau isoforms of hereditary FTDP-17 (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-12-04
    Description: Tau proteins aggregate as cytoplasmic inclusions in a number of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease and hereditary frontotemporal dementia and parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17 (FTDP-17). Over 10 exonic and intronic mutations in the tau gene have been identified in about 20 FTDP-17 families. Analyses of soluble and insoluble tau proteins from brains of FTDP-17 patients indicated that different pathogenic mutations differentially altered distinct biochemical properties and stoichiometry of brain tau isoforms. Functional assays of recombinant tau proteins with different FTDP-17 missense mutations implicated all but one of these mutations in disease pathogenesis by reducing the ability of tau to bind microtubules and promote microtubule assembly.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hong, M -- Zhukareva, V -- Vogelsberg-Ragaglia, V -- Wszolek, Z -- Reed, L -- Miller, B I -- Geschwind, D H -- Bird, T D -- McKeel, D -- Goate, A -- Morris, J C -- Wilhelmsen, K C -- Schellenberg, G D -- Trojanowski, J Q -- Lee, V M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Dec 4;282(5395):1914-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9836646" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alternative Splicing ; Brain/*metabolism ; Cerebellum/metabolism ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17 ; Dementia/*genetics/metabolism ; Frontal Lobe/metabolism ; Humans ; Microtubules/*metabolism ; Mutation ; Mutation, Missense ; Parkinson Disease, Secondary/*genetics/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Isoforms/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; Solubility ; Syndrome ; tau Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Role of the CLOCK protein in the mammalian circadian mechanism (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-06-11
    Description: The mouse Clock gene encodes a bHLH-PAS protein that regulates circadian rhythms and is related to transcription factors that act as heterodimers. Potential partners of CLOCK were isolated in a two-hybrid screen, and one, BMAL1, was coexpressed with CLOCK and PER1 at known circadian clock sites in brain and retina. CLOCK-BMAL1 heterodimers activated transcription from E-box elements, a type of transcription factor-binding site, found adjacent to the mouse per1 gene and from an identical E-box known to be important for per gene expression in Drosophila. Mutant CLOCK from the dominant-negative Clock allele and BMAL1 formed heterodimers that bound DNA but failed to activate transcription. Thus, CLOCK-BMAL1 heterodimers appear to drive the positive component of per transcriptional oscillations, which are thought to underlie circadian rhythmicity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gekakis, N -- Staknis, D -- Nguyen, H B -- Davis, F C -- Wilsbacher, L D -- King, D P -- Takahashi, J S -- Weitz, C J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Jun 5;280(5369):1564-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02115, USA. 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9616112" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: ARNTL Transcription Factors ; Animals ; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors ; Biological Clocks ; CLOCK Proteins ; Cell Cycle Proteins ; Circadian Rhythm/genetics/*physiology ; Cloning, Molecular ; Cricetinae ; DNA/metabolism ; Dimerization ; Feedback ; Gene Expression ; Helix-Loop-Helix Motifs ; Male ; Mesocricetus ; Mice ; Mutation ; Nuclear Proteins/*genetics/metabolism ; Period Circadian Proteins ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Retina/metabolism ; Suprachiasmatic Nucleus/metabolism ; Trans-Activators/genetics/*metabolism ; Transcription Factors/genetics/*metabolism ; *Transcriptional Activation
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Inhibition of a Mycobacterium tuberculosis beta-ketoacyl ACP synthase by isoniazid (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-06-11
    Description: Although isoniazid (isonicotinic acid hydrazide, INH) is widely used for the treatment of tuberculosis, its molecular target has remained elusive. In response to INH treatment, saturated hexacosanoic acid (C26:0) accumulated on a 12-kilodalton acyl carrier protein (AcpM) that normally carried mycolic acid precursors as long as C50. A protein species purified from INH-treated Mycobacterium tuberculosis was shown to consist of a covalent complex of INH, AcpM, and a beta-ketoacyl acyl carrier protein synthase, KasA. Amino acid-altering mutations in the KasA protein were identified in INH-resistant patient isolates that lacked other mutations associated with resistance to this drug.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mdluli, K -- Slayden, R A -- Zhu, Y -- Ramaswamy, S -- Pan, X -- Mead, D -- Crane, D D -- Musser, J M -- Barry, C E 3rd -- AI37004/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- Z01 AI000783-11/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Jun 5;280(5369):1607-10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Tuberculosis Research Unit, Laboratory of Intracellular Parasites, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9616124" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 3-Oxoacyl-(Acyl-Carrier-Protein) Synthase/*antagonists & ; inhibitors/chemistry/genetics ; Acyl Carrier Protein/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Antitubercular Agents/*pharmacology ; Drug Resistance, Microbial ; Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Fatty Acids/metabolism ; Genes, Bacterial ; Humans ; Isoniazid/*pharmacology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Molecular Weight ; Mutation ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis/drug effects/*enzymology/genetics ; Mycolic Acids/metabolism ; Tuberculosis/microbiology ; Up-Regulation
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surface-enhanced Raman scattering and fluorescence spectroscopy reveal molecular interactions of all-trans retinoic acid and RARγ ligand-binding domain (1998)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biospectroscopy 4 (1998), S. 297-302 
    Details
    ISSN: 1075-4261
    Keywords: Fourier-transform surface-enhanced Raman scattering ; all-trans retinoic acid ; retinoic acid receptor ; silver colloids ; fluorescence ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Surface-enhanced Raman scattering and fluorescence were used to investigate the interactions of all-trans retinoic acid with the gamma-type retinoic acid receptor. Raman data revealed a significant attenuation in intensity of the bands originating from the retinoic acid polyenic chain upon receptor binding, with the spectrum being dominantly that of the β-ionone ring. Fluorescence measurements supported the hydrophobic character of the ligand binding. These novel spectroscopic results are fully consistent with the published X-ray crystallographic data and suggest that these techniques may be valuable additional tools to characterize the interactions of agonists and antagonists with residues in the ligand-binding pockets of retinoid receptor homo- and heterodimers. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biospectroscopy 4: 297-302, 1998
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Infrared spectroscopy of human tissue. I. Differentiation and maturation of epithelial cells in the human cervix (1998)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biospectroscopy 4 (1998), S. 47-53 
    Details
    ISSN: 1075-4261
    Keywords: infrared spectroscopy of human tissue ; basal, parabasal, and superficial layers of cervical squamous epithelium ; cell maturation ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Infrared spectral results for the different epithelial layers of human cervical squamous tissue are reported. The layers, representing different cellular maturation stages, exhibit quite different spectral patterns. Thus, infrared spectroscopy presents a powerful tool to monitor cell maturation and differentiation. Furthermore, a detailed understanding of the spectra of the individual layers of tissue permit a proper interpretation of the state of health of cells exfoliated from such tissue. Part II of this series describes the use of the spectral information presented here to interpret the infrared spectra of exfoliated cells. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biospectroscopy 4: 47-53, 1998
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Infrared spectroscopy of human tissue. II. A comparative study of spectra of biopsies of cervical squamous epithelium and of exfoliated cervical cells (1998)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biospectroscopy 4 (1998), S. 55-59 
    Details
    ISSN: 1075-4261
    Keywords: infrared spectroscopy of human tissue ; squamous epithelium ; exfoliated cells ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: A comparison of infrared absorption spectra obtained from the different layers of squamous epithelium from the human cervix, and infrared spectra obtained from exfoliated cervical cells, is presented. Infrared spectroscopy has been shown (in part I of this series) to be a sensitive tool to monitor maturation and differentiation of human cervical cells; therefore, this spectroscopic technique provides new insights into the composition and state of health of exfoliated cells. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biospectroscopy 4: 55-59, 1998
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ab initio calculations on the diacetylene dimer: HCCCC(H)C(H)CCCHPresented at the 9th ICQC Conference in Atlanta, GA, 1997. (1998)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 66 (1998), S. 189-202 
    Details
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: diacetylene ; dimer ; C8H4 ; ab initio ; DFT ; Chemistry ; Theoretical, Physical and Computational Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Geometry optimizations were performed for singlet, triplet, and quintet states on the planar structures (in C2h and C2v symmetries) of the diacetylene dimer, using restricted open-shell Hartree-Fock (ROHF), unrestricted Hartree-Fock (UHF), and unrestricted hybrid density functional theory (UB3LYP) methods, with 6-31G(d) and 6-311G(d, p) basis sets. The 1Ag state of the planar van der Waals dimer is lower in energy than are any covalently bonded dimers. At our best B3LYP/6-311G(d, p) level, the most stable covalently bonded diacetylene dimer is the 3Bu state in C2h symmetry, 11 kcal mol-1 above the van der Waals dimer, followed by the 3B2 state in C2v symmetry with 13 kcal mol-1 above the van der Waals dimer. Both structures were confirmed to be local minima. The two diacetylene monomers of these structures are bridged through a single bond and they exhibit a small bend at the neighboring carbons to the bridge, trans to the hydrogens. The 1Bu and 5Ag states in C2h and the 1B2 and 5A1 states in C2v are between 39 and 43 kcal mol-1 above the van der Waals dimer.   © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Quant Chem 66: 189-202, 1998
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Solvation free energies calculated using the GB/SA model: Sensitivity of results on charge sets, protocols, and force fields (1998)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 19 (1998), S. 769-780 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Keywords: solvation free energies ; GB/SA solvent model ; energy minimization calculations ; AMBER force field ; macromodel ; thermodynamic cycle perturbation (TCP) calculations ; Chemistry ; Theoretical, Physical and Computational Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science
    Notes: The sensitivity of aqueous solvation free energies (SFEs), estimated using the GB/SA continuum solvent model, on charge sets, protocols, and force fields, was studied. Simple energy calculations using the GB/SA solvent model were performed on 11 monofunctional organic compounds. Results indicate that calculated SFEs are strongly dependent on the charge sets. Charges derived from electrostatic potential fitting to high level ab initio wave functions using the CHELPG procedure and “class IV” charges from AM1/CM1a or PM3/CM1p calculations yielded better results than the corresponding Mulliken charges. Calculated SFEs were similar to MC/FEP energies obtained in the presence of explicit TIP4P water. Further improvements were obtained by using GVB/6-31G** and MP2/6-31+G** (CHELPG) charge sets that included correlation effects. SFEs calculated using charge sets assigned by the OPLSA* force field gave the best results of all standard force fields (MM2*, MM3*, MMFF, AMBER*, and OPLSA*) implemented in MacroModel. Comparison of relative and absolute SFEs computed using either the GB/SA continuum model or MC/FEP calculations in the presence of explicit TIP4P water showed that, in general, relative SFEs can be estimated with greater accuracy. A second set of 20 mono- and difunctional molecules was also studied and relative SFEs estimated using energy minimization and thermodynamic cycle perturbation (TCP) protocols. SFEs calculated from TCP calculations using the GB/SA model were sensitive to bond lengths of dummy bonds (i.e., bonds involving dummy atoms). In such cases, keeping the bond lengths of dummy bonds close to the corresponding bond lengths of the starting structures improved the agreement of TCP-calculated SFEs with energy minimization results. Overall, these results indicate that GB/SA solvation free energy estimates from simple energy minimization calculations are of similar accuracy and value to those obtained using more elaborate TCP protocols.   © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.   J Comput Chem 19: 769-780, 1998
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  • 9
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    An essential role for ectodomain shedding in mammalian development (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-11-13
    Description: The ectodomains of numerous proteins are released from cells by proteolysis to yield soluble intercellular regulators. The responsible protease, tumor necrosis factor-alpha converting enzyme (TACE), has been identified only in the case when tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) is released. Analyses of cells lacking this metalloproteinase-disintegrin revealed an expanded role for TACE in the processing of other cell surface proteins, including a TNF receptor, the L-selectin adhesion molecule, and transforming growth factor-alpha (TGFalpha). The phenotype of mice lacking TACE suggests an essential role for soluble TGFalpha in normal development and emphasizes the importance of protein ectodomain shedding in vivo.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Peschon, J J -- Slack, J L -- Reddy, P -- Stocking, K L -- Sunnarborg, S W -- Lee, D C -- Russell, W E -- Castner, B J -- Johnson, R S -- Fitzner, J N -- Boyce, R W -- Nelson, N -- Kozlosky, C J -- Wolfson, M F -- Rauch, C T -- Cerretti, D P -- Paxton, R J -- March, C J -- Black, R A -- CA43793/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- DK53804/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Nov 13;282(5392):1281-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Immunex Corporation, Seattle, WA 98101, USA. peschon@immunex.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9812885" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: ADAM Proteins ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Catalytic Domain ; Cell Membrane/*metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Crosses, Genetic ; *Embryonic and Fetal Development ; L-Selectin/metabolism ; Ligands ; Membrane Proteins/*metabolism ; Metalloendopeptidases/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Phenotype ; Protein Processing, Post-Translational ; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/metabolism ; Transforming Growth Factor alpha/metabolism ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    Activation of the ATM kinase by ionizing radiation and phosphorylation of p53 (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-09-11
    Description: The p53 tumor suppressor protein is activated and phosphorylated on serine-15 in response to various DNA damaging agents. The gene product mutated in ataxia telangiectasia, ATM, acts upstream of p53 in a signal transduction pathway initiated by ionizing radiation. Immunoprecipitated ATM had intrinsic protein kinase activity and phosphorylated p53 on serine-15 in a manganese-dependent manner. Ionizing radiation, but not ultraviolet radiation, rapidly enhanced this p53-directed kinase activity of endogenous ATM. These observations, along with the fact that phosphorylation of p53 on serine-15 in response to ionizing radiation is reduced in ataxia telangiectasia cells, suggest that ATM is a protein kinase that phosphorylates p53 in vivo.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Canman, C E -- Lim, D S -- Cimprich, K A -- Taya, Y -- Tamai, K -- Sakaguchi, K -- Appella, E -- Kastan, M B -- Siliciano, J D -- CA71387/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- ES05777/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Sep 11;281(5383):1677-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Oncology Center, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9733515" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins ; Cell Cycle Proteins ; Cell Line ; DNA Damage ; DNA-Activated Protein Kinase ; *DNA-Binding Proteins ; Enzyme Activation ; Humans ; Lymphocytes/metabolism/radiation effects ; Mutation ; Nuclear Proteins ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Phosphoserine/metabolism ; Protein Kinases/*metabolism ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism ; Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; *Radiation, Ionizing ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Transfection ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/*metabolism ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins ; Ultraviolet Rays
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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