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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (226)
  • Humans  (94)
  • Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance
  • 2010-2014
  • 1995-1999  (328)
  • 1965-1969
  • 1950-1954
  • 1997  (328)
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  • 2010-2014
  • 1995-1999  (328)
  • 1965-1969
  • 1950-1954
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 1997-11-21
    Description: The hypothesis that quiescent CD4+ T lymphocytes carrying proviral DNA provide a reservoir for human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (HIV-1) in patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) was examined. In a study of 22 patients successfully treated with HAART for up to 30 months, replication-competent virus was routinely recovered from resting CD4+ T lymphocytes. The frequency of resting CD4+ T cells harboring latent HIV-1 was low, 0.2 to 16.4 per 10(6) cells, and, in cross-sectional analysis, did not decrease with increasing time on therapy. The recovered viruses generally did not show mutations associated with resistance to the relevant antiretroviral drugs. This reservoir of nonevolving latent virus in resting CD4+ T cells should be considered in deciding whether to terminate treatment in patients who respond to HAART.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Finzi, D -- Hermankova, M -- Pierson, T -- Carruth, L M -- Buck, C -- Chaisson, R E -- Quinn, T C -- Chadwick, K -- Margolick, J -- Brookmeyer, R -- Gallant, J -- Markowitz, M -- Ho, D D -- Richman, D D -- Siliciano, R F -- AI23871/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI27670/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI28108/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Nov 14;278(5341):1295-300.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9360927" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anti-HIV Agents/pharmacology/*therapeutic use ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology/*virology ; Cell Separation ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Drug Resistance, Microbial/genetics ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; HIV Infections/*drug therapy/*virology ; HIV-1/drug effects/genetics/isolation & purification/*physiology ; Humans ; Immunologic Memory ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Mutation ; Proviruses/physiology ; RNA, Viral/blood ; Time Factors ; Viral Load ; Viremia ; Virus Integration ; *Virus Latency ; *Virus Replication
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 1997-07-11
    Description: Niemann-Pick type C (NP-C) disease, a fatal neurovisceral disorder, is characterized by lysosomal accumulation of low density lipoprotein (LDL)-derived cholesterol. By positional cloning methods, a gene (NPC1) with insertion, deletion, and missense mutations has been identified in NP-C patients. Transfection of NP-C fibroblasts with wild-type NPC1 cDNA resulted in correction of their excessive lysosomal storage of LDL cholesterol, thereby defining the critical role of NPC1 in regulation of intracellular cholesterol trafficking. The 1278-amino acid NPC1 protein has sequence similarity to the morphogen receptor PATCHED and the putative sterol-sensing regions of SREBP cleavage-activating protein (SCAP) and 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Carstea, E D -- Morris, J A -- Coleman, K G -- Loftus, S K -- Zhang, D -- Cummings, C -- Gu, J -- Rosenfeld, M A -- Pavan, W J -- Krizman, D B -- Nagle, J -- Polymeropoulos, M H -- Sturley, S L -- Ioannou, Y A -- Higgins, M E -- Comly, M -- Cooney, A -- Brown, A -- Kaneski, C R -- Blanchette-Mackie, E J -- Dwyer, N K -- Neufeld, E B -- Chang, T Y -- Liscum, L -- Strauss, J F 3rd -- Ohno, K -- Zeigler, M -- Carmi, R -- Sokol, J -- Markie, D -- O'Neill, R R -- van Diggelen, O P -- Elleder, M -- Patterson, M C -- Brady, R O -- Vanier, M T -- Pentchev, P G -- Tagle, D A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Jul 11;277(5323):228-31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9211849" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; *Carrier Proteins ; Cholesterol/*metabolism ; Cholesterol, LDL/metabolism ; Chromosome Mapping ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 18 ; Cloning, Molecular ; *Drosophila Proteins ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA Reductases/chemistry ; Insect Proteins/chemistry ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Lysosomes/metabolism ; *Membrane Glycoproteins ; Membrane Proteins/chemistry ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Niemann-Pick Diseases/*genetics/metabolism ; Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational ; Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/physiology ; Receptors, Cell Surface/chemistry ; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid ; Transfection
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 35 (1997), S. 2925-2933 
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: ionic conductivity ; DC conductivity ; rigid-rod polymer ; depletion measurement ; X-ray scattering ; anisotropic ; polymer electrolyte ; polyelectrolyte ; conducting polymers ; Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The conductivity study results of lithium-doped sulfonated PBI, a conjugated rigid rod polymer, poly[(1,7-dihydrobenzo[1,2-d:4,5-d′]dimidazole-2,6-diyl)-2-(2-sulfo)-p-phenylene], derivatized with pendants of propane sulfonate Li+ ionomer are reported. The room-temperature DC four-probe conductivity parallel to the surface of cast films was as large as 8.3 × 10-3 S/cm. Similar measurements with an eight-probe configuration showed no difference between bulk and surface conductivity. The ionic nature of the conductivity was indicated by constant voltage depletion experiments and by secondary ion mass spectroscopy measurements of the residues near the electrodes. The DC two-probe conductivity measured transverse to the sample surface was three to four orders of magnitude smaller than longitudinal conductivity, while the AC two-probe conductivity was even less. Electron microscopy indicated that the films had a layered structure parallel to the surfaces. This structural anisotropy was confirmed by refractive index values obtained from wave-guide experiments and by wide angle X-ray scattering. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 35: 2925-2933, 1997
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 1997-08-08
    Description: Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by the widespread development of distinctive tumors termed hamartomas. TSC-determining loci have been mapped to chromosomes 9q34 (TSC1) and 16p13 (TSC2). The TSC1 gene was identified from a 900-kilobase region containing at least 30 genes. The 8.6-kilobase TSC1 transcript is widely expressed and encodes a protein of 130 kilodaltons (hamartin) that has homology to a putative yeast protein of unknown function. Thirty-two distinct mutations were identified in TSC1, 30 of which were truncating, and a single mutation (2105delAAAG) was seen in six apparently unrelated patients. In one of these six, a somatic mutation in the wild-type allele was found in a TSC-associated renal carcinoma, which suggests that hamartin acts as a tumor suppressor.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉van Slegtenhorst, M -- de Hoogt, R -- Hermans, C -- Nellist, M -- Janssen, B -- Verhoef, S -- Lindhout, D -- van den Ouweland, A -- Halley, D -- Young, J -- Burley, M -- Jeremiah, S -- Woodward, K -- Nahmias, J -- Fox, M -- Ekong, R -- Osborne, J -- Wolfe, J -- Povey, S -- Snell, R G -- Cheadle, J P -- Jones, A C -- Tachataki, M -- Ravine, D -- Sampson, J R -- Reeve, M P -- Richardson, P -- Wilmer, F -- Munro, C -- Hawkins, T L -- Sepp, T -- Ali, J B -- Ward, S -- Green, A J -- Yates, J R -- Kwiatkowska, J -- Henske, E P -- Short, M P -- Haines, J H -- Jozwiak, S -- Kwiatkowski, D J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Aug 8;277(5327):805-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University and University Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9242607" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Chromosome Mapping ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9/*genetics ; Exons ; *Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; Humans ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Molecular Weight ; Mutation ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/physiology ; Repressor Proteins/genetics/physiology ; Tuberous Sclerosis/*genetics ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 1997-08-15
    Description: The effects of the psychotomimetic drug phencyclidine on the neurochemistry and function of the prefrontal cortex in vervet monkeys were investigated. Monkeys treated with phencyclidine twice a day for 14 days displayed performance deficits on a task that was sensitive to prefrontal cortex function; the deficits were ameliorated by the atypical antipsychotic drug clozapine. Repeated exposure to phencyclidine caused a reduction in both basal and evoked dopamine utilization in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, a brain region that has long been associated with cognitive function. Behavioral deficits and decreased dopamine utilization remained after phencyclidine treatment was stopped, an indication that these effects were not simply due to direct drug effects. The data suggest that repeated administration of phencyclidine in monkeys may be useful for studying psychiatric disorders associated with cognitive dysfunction and dopamine hypofunction in the prefrontal cortex, particularly schizophrenia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jentsch, J D -- Redmond, D E Jr -- Elsworth, J D -- Taylor, J R -- Youngren, K D -- Roth, R H -- MH14092/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH44866/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- RSA K05-MH00643/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Aug 15;277(5328):953-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Section of Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9252326" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antipsychotic Agents/pharmacology ; Behavior, Animal/drug effects ; Cercopithecus aethiops ; Clozapine/pharmacology ; Cognition/*drug effects ; Disease Models, Animal ; Dopamine/*metabolism ; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists/administration & dosage/*pharmacology ; Humans ; Phencyclidine/administration & dosage/*pharmacology ; Prefrontal Cortex/*drug effects/metabolism ; Schizophrenia/chemically induced/drug therapy/metabolism ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 1997-11-21
    Description: In evaluating current combination drug regimens for treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease, it is important to determine the existence of viral reservoirs. After depletion of CD8 cells from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of both patients and normal donors, activation of patient CD4 lymphocytes with immobilized antibodies to CD3 and CD28 enabled the isolation of virus from PBMCs of six patients despite the suppression of their plasma HIV RNA to fewer than 50 copies per milliliter for up to 2 years. Partial sequencing of HIV pol revealed no new drug resistance mutations or discernible evolution, providing evidence for viral latency rather than drug failure.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wong, J K -- Hezareh, M -- Gunthard, H F -- Havlir, D V -- Ignacio, C C -- Spina, C A -- Richman, D D -- AI 01361/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI 27670/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI 38858/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Nov 14;278(5341):1291-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9360926" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anti-HIV Agents/*therapeutic use ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology/*virology ; Coculture Techniques ; Drug Resistance, Microbial/genetics ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; HIV Infections/*drug therapy/*virology ; HIV-1/genetics/isolation & purification/*physiology ; Humans ; Immunologic Memory ; Indinavir/therapeutic use ; Lamivudine/therapeutic use ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Mutation ; RNA, Viral/analysis/blood ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology/virology ; Viral Load ; Viremia/*drug therapy/virology ; Virus Activation ; Virus Latency ; Virus Replication ; Zidovudine/therapeutic use
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 1997-01-31
    Description: Glaucoma is a major cause of blindness and is characterized by progressive degeneration of the optic nerve and is usually associated with elevated intraocular pressure. Analyses of sequence tagged site (STS) content and haplotype sharing between families affected with chromosome 1q-linked open angle glaucoma (GLC1A) were used to prioritize candidate genes for mutation screening. A gene encoding a trabecular meshwork protein (TIGR) mapped to the narrowest disease interval by STS content and radiation hybrid mapping. Thirteen glaucoma patients were found to have one of three mutations in this gene (3.9 percent of the population studied). One of these mutations was also found in a control individual (0.2 percent). Identification of these mutations will aid in early diagnosis, which is essential for optimal application of existing therapies.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stone, E M -- Fingert, J H -- Alward, W L -- Nguyen, T D -- Polansky, J R -- Sunden, S L -- Nishimura, D -- Clark, A F -- Nystuen, A -- Nichols, B E -- Mackey, D A -- Ritch, R -- Kalenak, J W -- Craven, E R -- Sheffield, V C -- EY02477/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- EY08905/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- EY10564/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Jan 31;275(5300):668-70.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ophthalmology, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9005853" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; Chromosome Mapping ; Chromosomes, Artificial, Yeast ; *Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1 ; Cytoskeletal Proteins ; Eye Proteins/*genetics ; Female ; Genetic Linkage ; Glaucoma, Open-Angle/*genetics ; *Glycoproteins ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Pedigree ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational ; Sequence Tagged Sites ; Trabecular Meshwork/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 1997-01-17
    Description: Since 1990, the National Cancer Institute (NCI) has screened more than 60,000 compounds against a panel of 60 human cancer cell lines. The 50-percent growth-inhibitory concentration (GI50) for any single cell line is simply an index of cytotoxicity or cytostasis, but the patterns of 60 such GI50 values encode unexpectedly rich, detailed information on mechanisms of drug action and drug resistance. Each compound's pattern is like a fingerprint, essentially unique among the many billions of distinguishable possibilities. These activity patterns are being used in conjunction with molecular structural features of the tested agents to explore the NCI's database of more than 460,000 compounds, and they are providing insight into potential target molecules and modulators of activity in the 60 cell lines. For example, the information is being used to search for candidate anticancer drugs that are not dependent on intact p53 suppressor gene function for their activity. It remains to be seen how effective this information-intensive strategy will be at generating new clinically active agents.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Weinstein, J N -- Myers, T G -- O'Connor, P M -- Friend, S H -- Fornace, A J Jr -- Kohn, K W -- Fojo, T -- Bates, S E -- Rubinstein, L V -- Anderson, N L -- Buolamwini, J K -- van Osdol, W W -- Monks, A P -- Scudiero, D A -- Sausville, E A -- Zaharevitz, D W -- Bunow, B -- Viswanadhan, V N -- Johnson, G S -- Wittes, R E -- Paull, K D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Jan 17;275(5298):343-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology (LMP), Division of Basic Science, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. weinstein@dtpax2.ncifcrf.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8994024" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Algorithms ; Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry/*pharmacology ; Cluster Analysis ; *Computational Biology ; Computer Communication Networks ; *Databases, Factual ; *Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor ; Genes, p53 ; Humans ; Molecular Structure ; Mutation ; Software ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: liquid polysulfide polymer ; hydrazine ; sodium tetrasulfide ; 1,1′-[methylenebis(oxy)]-bis-[2-chloroethane] ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The results of our studies show that liquid linear polysulfide polymers of an average molecular weight 4260-1030 g mol-1 can be obtained by the reaction of sodium tetrasulfide and 1,1′-[methylenebis(oxy)]-bis-[2-chloroethane] in the presence of 2.0-5.0 mol of hydrazine and at least 4.0 mol of sodium hydroxide/mol of hydrazine in a one-step procedure. The disulfide polymers in the form of sodium mercaptide are soluble in the supernatant liquid from which they are separated by acidification of the solution to a pH value of about 4. The average molecular weight and the content of sulfur in the obtained linear polymers were determined and their IR spectra were recorded. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 35: 1363-1367, 1997
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 35 (1997), S. 3457-3466 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: PBO ; rigid-rod polymer ; multidimensional polymer ; compressive strength ; fiber morphology ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A high-torque rheometer was used to facilitate the polycondensation of 4-[5-amino-6-hydroxybenzoxazol-2-yl]benzoic acid (ABA) with trimesic acid and 1,3,5,7-tetrakis(4-carboxylatophenyl)adamantane to yield two- and three-dimensional benzobisoxazole polymers, respectively. Although the resultant polymer dopes exhibited improved homogeneity compared to polymer dopes previously prepared in glassware, improved polymer solution viscosities were not achieved. Fibers spun from the two- and three-dimensional polymers did not show a significant increase in compressive strength compared to fibers of the linear or one-dimensional benzobisoxazole polymer derived from the homopolymerization of ABA. Morphological studies of the polymer fibers and films by wide-angle X-ray scattering and scanning electron microscopy strongly indicated more lateral disorder and a more isotropic character for the three-dimensional structures compared to the one-dimensional structures. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 35: 3457-3466, 1997
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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