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  • protein binding  (6)
  • Wheat
  • Springer  (11)
  • American Chemical Society
  • Nature Publishing Group
  • 1980-1984  (11)
  • 1982  (11)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
  • Springer  (11)
  • American Chemical Society
  • Nature Publishing Group
Years
  • 1980-1984  (11)
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plasma protein binding of etidocaine during pregnancy and labour (1982)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 22 (1982), S. 451-457 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: etidocaine ; protein binding ; pregnancy ; alpha1-acid glycoprotein ; labour ; free fatty acids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Preliminary studies of the ultrafiltration method for measuring the extent of plasma protein binding of etidocaine showed that etidocaine binding was both pH and concentration dependent. Etidocaine (1 µg/ml) was found to bind avidly to a physiological concentration (74 mg/dl) of α1-acid glycoprotein (α1-AGP) (7.23±0.64%, mean ± SD, unbound). In vitro investigation of etidocaine binding in plasma obtained from blood bank donors and from 19 pregnant women prior to induction of labour, during early labour, mid-labour and delivery showed no difference in etidocaine binding (10.3±3.3%, 7.06±2.66%, 8.15±2.57%, 7.84±3.74% and 9.28±6.06% unbound respectively). There was a significant increase in the mean plasma total free fatty acid (FFA) concentration from pre-labour (0.535±0.240 mM) to delivery (0.948±0.28 mM), while plasma albumin and β-lipoprotein concentrations remained constant. α1-Acid glycoprotein concentration tended to increase slightly from pre-labour to early labour (p〈0.1) but was still within the normal physiological range. There was no correlation between etidocaine binding ratio and the concentrations of FFA or plasma proteins except for a poor correlation with the α1-AGP concentration (r=0.361, p〈0.05). Storage of plasma and inadequate control of plasma pH during ultrafiltration appeared to give spurious binding values. These studies with the extensively bound basic drug etidocaine suggest that unlike many acidic drugs which are bound predominantly to serum albumin, the binding of α1-AGP — bound basic drugs may be unaffected by pregnancy and labour.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00542552
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of intravenous, oral, and rectal nitrazepam in humans (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics 10 (1982), S. 231-245 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8744
    Keywords: nitrazepam ; i.v. ; oral ; rectal administration ; protein binding ; pharmacokinetics ; bioavailability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of nitrazepam following intravenous, oral (tablet), and rectal (solution) administration were studied in seven healthy, young male volunteers. Nitrazepam plasma concentrations were determined by electron-capture GLC; pharmacokinetic evaluations were made by compartmental analysis (NONLIN) and compared with the results obtained by a less stringent modelling of the data. The plasma concentration-time profile was similar for all three routes of administration. Mean kinetic parameters as obtained by compartmental analysis of i.v. nitrazepam were: distribution half-life 17 min; volume of distribution after equilibrium 2.14 liters/kg; total plasma clearance 61.6 ml/min; elimination half-life 29.0 h. The mean protein unbound fraction of nitrazepam in plasma was 12.3% and the clearance of the unbound fraction was 506 ml/min. Absorption of oral nitrazepam started after the elapse of a lag time (mean value 12 min) and occurred as an apparent first-order process in all but one subject, with a mean absorption half-life of 16 min. Distribution and elimination half-lives were comparable with those following i.v. administration. Following rectal administration of the nitrazepam solution, rapid first-order absorption occurred with a mean lag time of 4 min and a mean absorption half-life of 9 min. Peak times (median 18 min) were significantly shorter than following oral administration (median 38 min), but there was little difference in peak concentrations. The distribution half-life was similar to i.v. and oral administration, but the elimination half-lives were longer with a mean value of 33.1 h. Following i.v. administration a good agreement was found between the results obtained by compartmental analysis using NONLIN and those obtained by a less stringent modelling of the data. Following oral and rectal administration, a good agreement between the two procedures was found for the elimination half-life; estimation of bioavailability, however, was higher by compartmental analysis. The mean bioavailability data showed that absorption is complete when nitrazepam is given orally and almost 20% lower when it is given rectally, but considerable interindividual differences were observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01059259
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Disposition of sulfadimethoxine in swine: Inclusion of protein binding factors in a pharmacokinetic model (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics 10 (1982), S. 539-550 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8744
    Keywords: Sulfadimethoxine ; swine ; pharmacokinetic modelling ; protein binding
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Sulfadimethoxine was administered intravenously and orally to five swine. More than 75% of the dose was excreted into urine as the acetyl metabolite with 4–6% excreted unchanged. Plasma and urine data were not consistent when a linear pharmacokinetic model was used to describe the data. Sulfadimethoxine has a high affinity for plasma protein, and the data were subsequently fitted to a nonlinear model, which included saturable protein binding. The choice of a nonlinear model was further supported by a minimum value for the Akaike information criteria. The protein binding constant obtained was 2.8× 104 M−1 and the total protein binding site concentration in plasma was 4.6×10−4 m. Both values are comparable with in vitrodata. This result suggests that the nonlinear model involving protein binding can be successfully applied to pharmacokinetic data. The apparent biological half-life of Sulfadimethoxine (free and bound) in plasma was 14 hr; however, the half-life of elimination of free drug was 1.25 hr. Following oral administration, all of the dose was absorbed with an apparent absorption half-life of 2.9 hr.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01059036
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of triple-labelled nutrient solution to study the effects of root-infecting fungi on uptake of potassium, calcium and phosphorus by wheat (1982)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 66 (1982), S. 405-410 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Gaeumannomyces graminis ; Hydroponics ; Ion uptake ; Radionuclides ; Root pathogens ; Wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Triple-labelled nutrient solution was used to compare the effects of seven root-infecting fungi on uptake of K, Ca and P by wheat. Plants grown in sand or hydroponic culture were transferred to solutions that contained42K,45Ca and32P for 24 h, then dried, ashed and digested in 6M HCl. To distinguish radiation emitted by42K,45Ca and32P plant digests were counted on two channels of a liquid scintillation counter immediately and 7 days later, after the decay of42K radiation. Plants infected byGaeumannomyces graminis took up and translocated less K, Ca and P to their shoots than uninfected plants. Other root-infecting fungi had little effect on uptake of these ions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02183807
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of blood collection technique on serum and plasma protein binding of disopyramide (1982)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 22 (1982), S. 185-189 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: disopyramide ; protein binding ; vacutainer® ; alpha-1-acid-glycoprotein
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Serum and plasma disopyramide (D) protein binding was compared after blood was collected from four normal subjects in various Vacutainer® tubes. The fraction of disopyramide bound to proteins in control serum and plasma was drug concentration dependent and correlated well with the capacity factor (N) associated with a high affinity protein binding site. D free fraction increased 60% at a post-equilibrium concentration of 2 µg/ml in plasma following exposure of blood to green-top Vacutainer® stoppers due to a 60% reduction in the affinity constant associated with the high affinity protein binding site. Heparin and EDTA had no effect on the plasma protein binding of D. These results suggest a competitive inhibition of disopyramide binding to α1-acid-glycoprotein following contact of blood with rubber Vacutainer® stoppers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00542466
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of sulphinpyrazone on oxidative drug metabolism in man: Inhibition of tolbutamide elimination (1982)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 22 (1982), S. 321-326 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: sulphinpyrazone ; tolbutamide ; drug metabolism ; drug interaction ; protein binding ; elimination of tolbutamide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of sulphinpyrazone on tolbutamide elimination was investigated in 6 healthy male volunteers. Co-administration of sulphinpyrazone (200 mg, 6 hourly) reduced mean plasma tolbutamide clearance by 40% and prolonged mean tolbutamide half-life by 80%. Twenty four hours after the cessation of a one week period of chronic sulphinpyrazone therapy tolbutamide plasma clearance (30% reduction) and half-life (19% prolongation) were still significantly different to control values, even though sulphinpyrazone could not be detected in the plasma of any of the subjects at this time. In vitro studies of the plasma protein binding of tolbutamide demonstrated concentration dependent binding but displacement of tolbutamide by sulphinpyrazone in vitro only became apparent at high concentrations of added sulphinpyrazone. Although the concentration dependence of tolbutamide protein binding demonstrated in vitro was also observed in the subject plasma samples, the magnitude of this effect was small. It is concluded that sulphinpyrazone and its metabolite(s) decrease the plasma clearance of tolbutamide by inhibition of oxidative metabolism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00548400
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interaction of sulphinpyrazone with warfarin (1982)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 22 (1982), S. 327-331 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Sulphinpyrazone ; warfarin ; drug metabolism ; drug interaction ; protein binding
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of sulphinpyrazone administration on the anticoagulant response was investigated in five patients receiving long-term treatment with warfarin. Sulphinpyrazone caused a rapid increase in prothrombin (PT) ratio in all five patients and warfarin dose had to be reduced by a mean of 46% to maintain the PT ratio in the therapeutic range. PT ratio and daily warfarin requirement returned to previous levels when sulphinpyrazone was ceased. Warfarin protein binding was not altered during sulphinpyrazone administration and sulphinpyrazone added to plasma in vitro did not increase warfarin free fraction. The average racemic plasma warfarin concentration over a dosage interval when adjusted for warfarin dose was not altered by sulphinpyrazone administration. The most likely mechanism for this drug interaction is a stereoselective effect of sulphinpyrazone on the metabolism of the warfarin enantiomers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00548401
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preferential C-banding of wheat or rye chromosomes (1982)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 63 (1982), S. 227-233 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: C-banding ; Wheat ; Rye ; Triticale
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Using different stains, wheat chromosomes could be distinguished from rye chromosomes by preferential staining. C-bands of rye chromosomes were preferentially stained with Giemsa while those of wheat chromosomes were preferentially stained with either Leishman or Wright stain. Preferential staining aids the identification of wheat and rye chromosomes and chromosome segments and in particular the recognition of wheat/rye chromosome substitutions and translocations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00304000
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Tom Thumb dwarfing gene, Rht3 in wheat, I. Reduced pre-harvest damage to breadmaking quality (1982)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 62 (1982), S. 121-126 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Wheat ; Quality ; Dwarfism ; Gibberellin ; α-amylase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The effects of the Tom Thumb dwarfing gene, Rht3, on the quality and quantity of grain α-amylase produced during germination and by induction with exogenous gibberellic acid are described. In a season conducive to high sprouting damage the gene reduced α-amylase levels in the field by 77%. Selection among random Rht3 genotypes showed that other genetic factors can be combined with the dwarfing gene to further increase sprouting damage resistance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00293343
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copper nutrition of wheat in relation to nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization (1982)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 65 (1982), S. 433-436 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Copper-nutrition ; Nitrogen ; Phosphorus ; Wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary In a pot culture study, copper addition to soil increased the crop yield only in presence of nitrogen. The latter increased the utilization of both native as well as applied copper but more that of applied. It also minimised the adverse effect of applied phosphorus on copper utilization. Phosphorus at the rate 45 ppm had the tendency of decreasing copper uptake by wheat if applied without nitrogen or with its low level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02375066
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