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Repellency of pheromones released by females of Heliothis armigera and H. zea to females of both species (1981)

Saad, Abdalla D. ; Scott, D. R.

Springer

Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 30 (1981), S. 123-127

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ISSN: 1570-7458

Keywords: Sex Pheromones ; Repellent ; Heliothis armigera ; Heliothis zea ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; cotton bollworm ; corn earworm

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'examen en olfactomètre a porté sur les réactions face à d'autres femelles de la même espèce, de femelles vierges ou ayant copulé d'Heliothis armigera Hübner et H. zea Boddie. Le lot comprenait 8 femelles, vierges ou ayant copulé en présence d'une femelle vierge ou ayant copulé. Les 4 combinaisons possibles de femelles vierges et de femelles ayant copulé ont été examinées avec 12 répétitions pour chaque espèce. Un extrait de l'extrémité de l'abdomen de femelles vierges d'une espèce a été présenté aux femelles de l'autre espèce pour examiner les possibilités de réactions interspécifiques aux phéromones. Pour chaque espèce, les réactions interspécifiques de répulsion entre femelles ont été hautement significatives par rapport aux témoins, à l'exception toutefois des réactions de femelle ayant copulé face à des femelles ayant elles aussi copulé. Les répulsions moyennes chez H. armigera et H. zea pour les 8 femelles de chaque expérience ont été: a) vierges en présence d'une vierge: 7,33 et 7,66; b) vierges en présence d'une femelles ayant copulé: 5,76 et 5,58; c) femelles ayant copulé en présence d'une vierge: 4,67 et 4,83. Les différences sont hautement significatives entre chaque paire de moyennes et entre chaque paire et le lot témoin; 3,17; 3,17; 3,42; 4,00 pour H. armigera; 3,17; 3,50; 2,83 et 3,75 pour H. zea. Les femelles vierges des deux espèces, H. armigera et H. zea ont présenté une réaction de répulsion en présence d'un extrait de l'abdomen de l'autre espèce; les répulsions moyennes étant respectivement 5,53 et 5,33 contre 3,83 et 3,58 pour le lot trémoin. On peut en conclure que ces répulsions doivent entraîner une tendance à la répartition uniforme.

Notes: Abstract An olfactometer was used to determine the effect of pheromones released by females of the bollworms Heliothis armigera (Hübner) and H. zea (Boddie) on females of the same species. Four combinations of virgin and mated females were tested for repellency of one to the other. Evidence is presented that females of the two bollworms were repelled by females of the same species. In addition, extracts of virgin female abdomens of each species repelled virgin females of the other species.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00300876

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2

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The effects of nitrogen limitation on the ultrastructure of the cyanobacterium Agmenellum quadruplicatum (1981)

Stevens, S. E. ; Balkwill, D. L. ; Paone, D. A. M.

Springer

Archives of microbiology 130 (1981), S. 204-212

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ISSN: 1432-072X

Keywords: Agmenellum quadruplicatum ; Nitrogen starvation ; Ultrastructure ; PATO poststain ; Cyanobacteria

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Abstract The effects of nitrogen limitation on the ultrastructure of the unicellular cyanobacterium, Agmenellum quadruplicatum, were studied by thin sectioning transmission electron microscopy. Nitrogen became limiting for growth 14–15 h after transfer to nitrogen-limiting medium, but cultures retained full viability for at least 45 h. The c-phycocyanin: chlorophyll a ratio and cellular nitrogen content of the culture dropped rapidly after 14–15 h, as a progressive deterioration of major cell structures took place. Phycobilisomes were degraded first, followed by ribosomes and, then, thylakoid membranes. These structures were virtually depleted from the cells within 26 h. Intracellular polysaccharide accumulated in place of the normal cell structures throughout this period. Nitrogen limitation did not affect polyphosphate bodies, carboxysomes, lipid granules, the cell envelope, or the extra-cellular glycocalyx. All of the ultrastructural changes resulting from nitrogen limitation were reversed upon addition of nitrate to a starved culture. Most cell structures were restored within 3 h, and restoration was complete within 9 h.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00459520

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Sex attractant for three species of the genusOncocnemis: O. chandleri (Grt.),O. cibalis (Grt.), andO. mackiei (B. & Benj.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) (1984)

Reed, D. W. ; Chisholm, M. D. ; Underhill, E. W.

Springer

Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 1701-1706

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ISSN: 1573-1561

Keywords: Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; Oncocnemis chandleri ; Oncocnemis cibalis ; Oncocnemis mackiei ; (5E7Z)-5 ; 7-dodecadienyl acetate ; (Z)-7-dodecenyl acetate ; sex attractant

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology

Notes: Abstract Oncocnemis chandleri, O. cibalis, andO. mackiei were attracted to chemically baited traps in the field. In all three cases, (5E,7Z)-dodecadienyl acetate was a key component for attraction. Attraction ofO. chandleri to traps baited with the (5E,7Z)-dodecadienyl acetate was inhibited by addition of (Z)-7-dodecenyl acetate.O. cibalis required both (5E,7Z)-dodecadienyl acetate and (Z)-7-dodecenyl acetate for attraction. Electroantennogram responses for the three species are also reported.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987356

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4

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Histochemical, cytochemical and autoradiographic studies on the rostellum ofHymenolepis diminuta (1981)

Specian, Robert D. ; Lumsden, Richard D.

Springer

Parasitology research 64 (1981), S. 335-345

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ISSN: 1432-1955

Keywords: Hymenolepis diminuta ; Autoradiography ; Ultracytochemistry ; Histochemistry

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Medicine

Notes: Abstract Histochemical studies on the rostellum ofHymenolepis diminuta revealed diastase-stable, protein/neutral carbohydrate-rich material localized in the rostellum tegument. The remainder of the rostellum, primarily composed of the glycogen-rich myocytons of the rostellum musculature, is protein-poor, but rich in diastase-labile, neutral and acidic carbohydrates. Ultrastructural cytochemical studies, using the periodic acid-thiocarbohydrazideosmium (PATCO) technique, indicated that the granules of the rostellar tegumental cytons and distal cytoplasm are carbohydrate-rich. Lipids are present in the rostellar myocytons but not in the tegumental cytons. Autoradiography using a pulse-labeling with [3H]leucine revealed an apical translocation of tegumental granules, but at a slower rate than had been reported for the strobilar tegument of the same organism. Neither [3H]galactose nor [3H]glucose were incorporated into the rostellar tegumental granules. The function of the secretory glycoprotein(s) produced in the rostellar tegument and its (their) possible role in the regulation of maturation and/or strobilization remain enigmatic.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00927380

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5

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Nitrogenase activity and dark CO2 fixation in the lichen Peltigera aphthosa Willd (1981)

Rai, A. N. ; Rowell, P. ; Stewart, W. D. P.

Springer

Planta 151 (1981), S. 256-264

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ISSN: 1432-2048

Keywords: Cyanobacteria ; (dark) CO2 fixation ; Lichens ; Nitrogenase ; Pettigera

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Abstract The lichen Peltigera aphthosa consists of a fungus and green alga (Coccomyxa) in the main thallus and of a Nostoc located in superficial packets, intermixed with fungus, called cephalodia. Dark nitrogenase activity (acetylene reduction) of lichen discs (of alga, fungus and Nostoc) and of excised cephalodia was sustained at higher rates and for longer than was the dark nitrogenase activity of the isolated Nostoc growing exponentially. Dark nitrogenase activity of the symbiotic Nostoc was supported by the catabolism of polyglucose accumulated in the ligh and which in darkness served to supply ATP and reductant. The decrease in glucose content of the cephalodia paralleled the decline in dark nitrogenase activity in the presence of CO2; in the absence of CO2 dark nitrogenase activity declined faster although the rate of glucose loss was similar in the presence and absence of CO2. Dark CO2 fixation, which after 30 min in darkness represented 17 and 20% of the light rates of discs and cephalodia, respectively, also facilitated dark nitrogenase activity. The isolated Nostoc, the Coccomyxa and the excised fungus all fixed CO2 in the dark; in the lichen most dark CO2 fixation was probably due to the fungus. Kinetic studies using discs or cephalodia showed highest initial incorporation of 14CO2 in the dark in to oxaloacetate, aspartate, malate and fumarate; incorporation in to alanine and citrulline was low; incorporation in to sugar phosphates, phosphoglyceric acid and sugar alcohols was not significant. Substantial activities of the enzymes phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) carboxylase (EC 4.1.1.31) and carbamoyl-phosphate synthase (EC 2.7.2.5 and 2.7.2.9) were detected but the activities of PEP carboxykinase (EC 4.1.1.49) and PEP carboxyphosphotransferase (EC 4.1.1.38) were negligible. In the dark nitrogenase activity by the cephalodia, but not by the free-living Nostoc, declined more rapidly in the absence than in the presence of CO2 in the gas phase. Exogenous NH 4 + inhibited nitrogenase activity by cephalodia in the dark especially in the absence of CO2 but had no effect in the light. The overall data suggest that in the lichen dark CO2 fixation by the fungus may provide carbon skeletons which accept NH 4 + released by the cyanobacterium and that in the absence of CO2, NH 4 + directly, or indirectly via a mechanism which involves glutamine synthetase, inhibits nitrogenase activity.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00395178

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6

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Synthesis of the intranuclear crystals in Scolopendrium vulgare (L.) SM (1981)

Thomas, D. ; Gourret, J. P. ; Gouranton, J.

Springer

Planta 152 (1981), S. 137-144

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ISSN: 1432-2048

Keywords: Autoradiography ; Intranuclear crystals ; Nucleus, crystolo-Protein transfer-Pteridophytes ; Scolopendrium

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Abstract Proteinaceous intranuclear crystals are found in the fern Scolopendrium vulgare. During mitosis these crystals are eliminated from the nucleus into the cytoplasm, where they are dissolved. New crystals appear in the nucleus. The site of synthesis of intranuclear crystal proteins was investigated using quantitative ultrastructural autoradiography after incubation with tritiated lysine. The results suggest a migration of cytoplasmic proteins to the nucleus, part of which would then be incorporated into the intranuclear crystals.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00391185

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7

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Morphology and ultrastructure of the cyanobacterium Mastigocladus laminosus growing under nitrogen-fixing conditions (1984)

Nierzwicki-Bauer, S. A. ; Balkwill, D. L. ; Stevens, S. E.

Springer

Archives of microbiology 137 (1984), S. 97-103

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ISSN: 1432-072X

Keywords: Cyanobacteria ; Heterocysts ; Utrastructure ; Cytology ; Akinetes ; Mastigocladus laminosus

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Abstract The morphological and ultrastructural characteristics of the cyanobacterium Mastigocladus laminosus growing under N2-fixing conditions were examined with light and electron microscopy. Vegetative cells in narrow filaments contained randomly arranged segments of thylakoid membrane, centrally located carboxysomes (polyhedral bodies), peripherally located lipid bodies, and large numbers of polysaccharide granules in addition to nuclear material and ribosomes. The ultrastructural characteristics of cells in wide filaments were similar, except for increased numbers of carboxysomes and lipid bodies. Heterocytes and proheterocysts developed at a variety of locations in narrow filaments, wide filaments, and the lateral branches off of wide filaments. Akinetes were not observed in any of the filaments. The morphological characteristics of heterocysts and proheterocysts were variable and depended on those of the vegative cells from which the heterocysts and proheterocysts developed. Mature M. laminosus heterocysts were somewhat similar to those formed in other cyanobacterial genera, but they possessed a number of distinct and unique ultrastructural characteristics, including (i) the absence of a fibrous and, possibly, a laminated wall layer, (ii) the presence many closely packed membranes throughout most of the cytoplasm, and (iii) the presence of unidentified, spherical inclusion bodies of variable electron density.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00414447

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8

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Evidence for an ammonium transport system in free-living and symbiotic cyanobacteria (1984)

Rai, Amar N. ; Rowell, Peter ; Stewart, William D. P.

Springer

Archives of microbiology 137 (1984), S. 241-246

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ISSN: 1432-072X

Keywords: Ammonium transport ; Anabaena azollae ; Anabaena variabilis ; Cyanobacteria ; Methylammonium transport ; Symbiosis

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Abstract The free-living cyanobacterium Anabaena variabilis showed a biphasic pattern of 14CH3NH 3 + uptake. Initial accumulation (up to 60 s) was independent of CH3NH 3 + metabolism, but long-term uptake was dependent on its metabolism via glutamine synthetase (GS). The CH3NH 3 + was converted into methylglutamine which was not further metabolised. The addition of l-methionine-dl-sulphoximine (MSX), to inhibit GS, inhibited CH3NH 3 + metabolism, but did not affect the CH3NH 3 + transport system. NH 4 + , when added after the addition of 14CH3NH 3 + , caused the efflux of free CH3NH 3 + ; when added before 14CH3NH 3 + , NH 4 + inhibited its uptake indicating that both NH 4 + and CH3NH 3 + share a common transport system. Carbonylcyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone and triphenyl-methylphosphonium both inhibited CH3NH 3 + accumulation indicating that the transport system was Δψ-dependent. At pH 7 and at an external CH3NH 3 + concentration of 30 μmol dm-3, A. variabilis showed a 40-fold intracellular accumulation of CH3NH 3 + (internal concentration 1.4 mmol dm-3). Packets of the symbiotic cyanobacterium Anabaena azollae, directly isolated from the water fern Azolla caroliniana, also showed a Δψ-dependent NH 4 + transport system suggesting that the reduced inhibitory effect of NH 4 + on nitrogenase cannot be attributed to the absence of an NH 4 + transport system but is probably related to the reduced GS activity of the cyanobiont.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00414551

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9

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Light-induced proton translocation through thylakoid and cytoplasmic membranes of Plectonema boryanum (1981)

Barsky, Eugene L. ; Gusev, Michael V. ; Nikitina, Kamilla A. ; [et al.]

Springer

Archives of microbiology 129 (1981), S. 105-108

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ISSN: 1432-072X

Keywords: Proton transport ; 9-aminoacridine fluorescence changes ; Cyanobacteria ; Thylakoids ; Cytoplasmic membrane ; Plectonema boryanum

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Abstract Light-induced fluorescence changes of 9-aminoacridine, an indicator of proton gradient in energy-transducing membranes, were studied in Plectonema boryanum and other cyanobacteria. The fluorescence changes observed in cell suspensions resulted from a superposition of fluorescence quenching and enhancement as the analysis of the kinetic data shows. Both components of the fluorescence changes are abolished by 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethyl urea (DCMU) and m-chlorocarbonylcyanide phenylhydrazone. The inhibitory effect of DCMU is removed by 2,3,5,6- or N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine. The fluorescence quenching sensitive to substrates and uncouplers of the photophosphorylation is only observed in membrane vesicles obtained by osmotic shock of P. boryanum spheroplasts. Presumably, light-induced quenching of the dye fluorescence in the cells of cyanobacteria is due to the proton transport from the cytoplasm in the inner space of thylakoids while fluorescence enhancement is due to the proton efflux from the cytoplasm into the incubation medium.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00417189

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Osmotic adjustment in cyanobacteria from hypersaline environments (1984)

Reed, R. H. ; Chudek, J. A. ; Foster, R. ; [et al.]

Springer

Archives of microbiology 138 (1984), S. 333-337

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ISSN: 1432-072X

Keywords: Cyanobacteria ; Osmotic adjustment ; Osmoregulation ; Quaternary ammonium compounds ; Glycine betaine ; Halotolerance

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Abstract The intracellular concentrations of the monovalent inorganic cations K+ and Na+, low molecular weight carbohydrates and quaternary ammonium compounds have been determined for 4 strains of cyanobacteria (Aphanothece halophytica, Coccochloris elabens, Dactylococcopsis salina and Synechocystis DUN52) originally isolated from hypersaline habitats (i.e. habitats with a salinity greater than that of seawater) over a range of external salt concentration (from 50% to 400% seawater). Intracellular cation levels (Na+ and K+) were determined to be within the range 80–320 mmol · dm-3 (cell volume), showing only minor changes in response to salinity. Intracellular carbohydrates were found to comprise a negligible component of the intracellular osmotic potential [at 2–19 mmol · dm-3 (cell volume)], throughout the salinity range. Quaternary ammonium compounds, however, were recorded in osmotically significant quantities [up to 1,640 mmol · dm-3 (cell volume)] in these strains, showing major variation in response to salinity. Thus Synechocystis DUN 52 showed an increase in quaternary ammonium compounds in the oder of 1,200 mmol · dm-3 between 50% and 400% seawater medium, accounting for a significant proportion of the change in external osmotic potential. Examination of intact cells and cell extracts using 13C and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy confirmed the presence of the quaternary ammonium compound glycine betaine as the major osmoticum in the 4 strains; no other compounds were detected during NMR assays. These results suggest a common mechanism of osmotic adjustment, involving quaternary ammonium compounds, in cyanobacteria from hypersaline environments.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00410900

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