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  • 2010-2014
  • 1980-1984
  • 1975-1979  (13)
  • 1970-1974  (7)
  • 1945-1949
  • 1976  (13)
  • 1974  (7)
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  • 2010-2014
  • 1980-1984
  • 1975-1979  (13)
  • 1970-1974  (7)
  • 1945-1949
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 48 (1976), S. 23-34 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The course of meiosis in higher plants is controlled by a large number of genes, the function of which can be discerned by means of mutants showing any kind of meiotic anomaly. In general, there are three main groups of genes belonging to this system. The as-genes control the pairing behaviour of the homologous chromosomes, causing asynapsis in the mutated condition. The ds-genes are responsible for chiasma formation and chiasma frequency, causing desynapsis in the mutated condition. As- and ds-genes influence micro- and macrosporogenesis in a similar way but the ms-genes become effective only in microsporogenesis, resulting in a complete breakdown of meiosis at a stage specific for each gene of the group. In Pisum sativum, 58 mutants showing genetically conditioned meiotic anomalies have been cytogenetically analysed: 34 of them belong to the ds- and 7 to the as-group; one gene causes asynaptic as well as desynaptic effects; 13 genotypes are male sterile due to degeneration of the chromosomes; the remaining 3 genes cause less specific meiotic disturbances. The lethality of a mutant can be overcome by distinct environmental conditions but the mutant is sterile because of manifold meiotic anomalies. One gene in the Pisum genome controls the transition from the vegetative to the reproductive stage of the plants. Other genes influence the differentiation of the growing points in such a way that the sporogenic tissues are not formed. In these mutants, no sporocytes are present which can undergo meiosis. From the findings available for many species of the plant kingdom, it can be assumed that hundreds of genes controlling meiosis are present in the genome of each higher plant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 48 (1976), S. 227-235 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In konjugationsgestörten Mutanten treten im Verlaufe der Meiosis Univalente oder Univalente und Bivalente in wechselnden Häufigkeitsverhältnissen zueinander auf. Ihre räumliche Anordnung im Spindelraum der Metaphase I wurde zytologisch untersucht und die Befunde statistisch ausgewertet. Der überwiegende Teil unseres Materials ließ sich einheitlich durch eine Polya-Verteilung charakterisieren. Für deren Parameter wurden — für jeden Genotyp und für jede Univalentenklasse getrennt —Punkt-und Intervallschätzungen nach der Maximum Likelihood-Methode durchgeführt. Aus der Lage der Schätzwerte konnten wir schließen, daß bei allen untersuchten Mutanten die Wahrscheinlichkeit für die Univalente, sich in der Metaphaseplatte einzuordnen, um so größer wird, je mehr Bivalente in der Zelle vorliegen. Die gegenseitige Beeinflussung der Univalente ist bei unseren Mutanten unterschiedlich. Bei einer geringen Anzahl von Bivalenten erhöht jedes zufällig in der Metaphaseplatte angeordnete Univalent die Wahrscheinlichkeit für die übrigen, sich ebenfalls dort einzuordnen. Ist die Zahl der Bivalente erhöht, so nimmt die gegenseitige Beeinflussung der Univalente in einigen Fällen ab, in anderen Fällen bleibt sie lediglich erhalten. Es wurde zum Schluß versucht, die erarbeiteten Befunde als univalentenbedingte strukturelle und funktioneile Änderungen im Aufbau des Spindelapparates zu erklären.
    Notes: Summary Asynaptic and desynaptic mutants are characterized by the appearance of univalents in the course of meiosis. Their spatial arrangement in the spindle apparatus of metaphase I was cytologically investigated and the findings were statistically analysed. The great majority of our material could be fitted to a Polya-distribution. For the parameters of this distribution, point- and intervalestimations were performed by the maximum likelihood method, separately for each genotype and each univalent class. From the position of the estimates in the different classes, it can be concluded that in all genotypes under consideration a high number of bivalents increases the probability of the remaining univalents being arranged in the metaphase plate. The mutual interference of the univalents themselves differs from genotype to genotype: when the number of bivalents is low, each univalent that happens to be arranged in the metaphase plate raises the probability that the remaining univalents will migrate into the metaphase plate, too. In some cases, the mutual interference of the univalents is reduced when the number of bivalents increases; in other cases this interference is merely maintained. Finally, we tried to interpret the cytological and statistical findings by structural and functional changes of the spindle apparatus brought about by the existence of univalents.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 44 (1974), S. 69-72 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden die Karyotypen von zwei röntgeninduzierten Formen von Pisum sativum dargestellt und mit dem Karyotyp der Ausgangsform ‘Dippes gelbe Viktoria’ verglichen. Die zytologische Analyse erbrachte deutliche Unterschiede zwischen der Vergleichsform und diesen beiden Linien, die auf jeweils eine einfache reziproke Translokation zurückgeführt werden konnten. In beiden Fällen waren Satelliten-Chromosomen an dem Austauschprozeß beteiligt. Bei 62B erfolgte eine Translokation zwischen dem langen Arm von Chromosom V und dem satellitentragenden langen Arm von VII. Die Linie 488 entstand durch Austausch zwischen den beiden Satelliten-Chromosomen IV und VII, und zwar in der Weise, daß ein sehr kleines satellitenfreies und ein sehr langes Chromosom gebildet wurde, welches an den Enden seiner etwa gleich langen Arme jeweils einen Satelliten trägt. Die Vereinigung der beiden Satelliten-Regionen in einem Chromosom ist bisher für Pisum noch nicht beschrieben worden. Zum Schluß wurde kurz die Bedeutung diskutiert, die solche drastischen Veränderungen des Karyotyps für die züchterische Praxis und für evolutionistische Fragestellungen haben könnten.
    Notes: Summary In connection with X-ray experiments on Pisum sativum ‘Dippes gelbe Victoria’, two translocation line showing dramatic deviations from the normal karyotype were selected and cytologically analysed (root tips). In line 62B, an exchange between the long arms of chromosome V and the satellite chromosome VII took place. In line 488, both satellite chromosomes IV and VII were involved in the exchange process, leading to a very short chromosome (VII T!), and a very long chromosome (IV T!) uniting both the satellites in one chromosome. The importance of these lines with regard to mutation breeding and evolution is discussed.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 406 (1974), S. 214-220 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Investigations on Phosphazo Compounds from Anilines with Phosphorus PentachlorideThe reaction of anilines with PCl5 gives the monomer compound ArNPCl3. This will dimerize in many cases to (ArNPCl3)2. There are no indications for the former postulated intermediate product ArNHPCl4. We can correlate the tendency to dimerize with the basicity of the anilines. This is confirmed by the measurements of the constants of basicity in acetonitrile.
    Notes: Bei der Reaktion von Anilinen mit PCl5 entsteht die monomere Verbindung ArNPCl3. Diese dimerisiert in vielen Fällen zu (ArNPCl3)2. Für die früher postulierte Zwischenstufe ArNHPCl4 gibt es keine Hinweise. Die Neigung zur Dimerisation ist mit der Basizität der Aniline korrelierbar. Dies wird durch die Messung der Basenkonstanten in Acetonitril bestätigt.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 1974-10-14
    Print ISSN: 0031-9007
    Electronic ISSN: 1079-7114
    Topics: Physics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 1976-07-01
    Print ISSN: 0021-8979
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7550
    Topics: Physics
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 1976-08-15
    Print ISSN: 0021-9606
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7690
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 1976-06-01
    Print ISSN: 0029-554X
    Electronic ISSN: 1878-3759
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Physics
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 1976-07-01
    Print ISSN: 0029-554X
    Electronic ISSN: 1878-3759
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Physics
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 1976-08-01
    Print ISSN: 0968-0004
    Electronic ISSN: 1362-4326
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Published by Cell Press
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